Training for Hygiene Promotion. Part 2: Useful to Know

7/30/2019 Training for Hygiene Promotion. Part 2: Useful to Know

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Training for Hygiene Promotion

Part 2: Useful to Know

PowerPoint

Best practice materials produced through the Global WASH Cluster Hygiene Promotion project

(Water, Sanitation and Hygiene), 2009 c/o UNICEF


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Water & Sanitation Related

Diseases


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Transmission of Diarrhoeal Disease


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The Sphere Project


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Sphere Overview


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Sphere Standards

Example Standards for Hygiene

Promotion


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Hygiene Promotion Standard 1:Programme Design and Implementation

All facilities and

resources provided reflect

the vulnerabilities, needs

and preferences of the

affected population.

Users are involved in the

management and

maintenance of hygienefacilities where

appropriate


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Water supply standard 3

Water use facilities and goods

Indicators:-

Each household has at least two drinking water containers of 10-20litres, plus enough clean water storage containers to ensure there isalways water in the household

Water collection and storage containers have narrow necks and/orcovers, or other safe means of storage, drawing and handling andare demonstrably used

There is at least 250g of soap available for personal hygiene perperson per month

People have adequate facilities and supplies tocollect, store and use sufficient quantities of water fordrinking, cooking and personal hygiene, and to ensurethat drinking water remains safe until it is consumed.


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Introduction to Gender


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What is Gender?

The socially defined roles and responsibilitiesattached to being a man or a woman. These

change according to time and place


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Disaggregation of data

0

20

40

60

No. of cases

Sex

Sex Distribution

No. of cases 34 58

M F

Sex distribution of cholera cases,Kiryandongo Refugee Camp, Masindi 2002 - IRC


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Practical gender recommendations

Identify gender-disaggregated needs of the target population.Plan your activities based on those needs.

Ensure privacy, safety and dignity of sanitation facilities(latrines, bathing areas and laundry facilities).

Ensure proportional provision of facilities

Ensure facilities and appropriate NFIs to address menstrualneeds.

In societies that practice purdahor gender segregation,identify women field workers as well as men.

Ensure gender-balanced teams. Women sometimes find iteasier to express their views to other women and vice versa.

Involve men in hygiene promotion activities (hygiene can notbe seen as an issue related only to womens sphere).


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Community Participation


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ParticipationLadder

Empowerment

Information

Partnership

Consultation

Involvement


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Common Standard 1: Participation

Indicators

Women and men of all ages from the disaster affected and wider local

populations, including vulnerable groups, receive information about the

assistance programme and are given the opportunity to comment to

the assistance agency during all stages of the project cycle

Written assistance programme objectives and plans should reflect theneeds, concerns and values of disaster-affected people, particularly

those belonging to vulnerable groups, and contribute to their protection

Programming is designed to maximise the use of local skills and

capacities

The disaster affected population actively participates

in the assessment, design, implementation,

monitoring and evaluation of the assistance

programme.


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Activities to promote participation

Listen to men and women separately and analyse

their different perspectives and needs

Identify those who might be vulnerable (e.g. women,young children, elderly, those with disabilities,

minority or excluded groups) and ensure access tofacilities, information and education

Feed back information to those affected (e.g. from

surveys or meetings)

When possible, allow people to set their ownobjectives for action and to determine the success

of the intervention


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Behaviour Change


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Health Action Model(from Hubley, J. 1993)

Predisposing

Factors

Reinforcing

factors

Behavioural

IntentBehaviour

Change

Enabling factors


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Positive Deviance

Why do some peoplemanage to pursue positivehealth actions despitedifficult conditions?

Examine the reasons forthis

Use this to inform healthpromotion initiative

www.positivedeviance.org


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Provide Facilities

Remove Barriers

Educate and Provide Skills

Individual & Community

Action

Existing Networks

Opinion Formers

Lead by example

Be consistent

Recognition

Reward Schemes

Penalties (where necessary)

HYGIENE PROMOTION

Adapted from Defra 2005


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Source: OXFAM


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Using Visual Aids


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Visual Literacy


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Visual Literacy


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Perspective


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Other Promotional

Approaches and Methods


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Communication Approaches

Child to Child


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PHAST?

Faster PHAST

CHAST


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Social Marketing?

Campaigns

Peer Education


C i ti M th d


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Communication Methods

Games

Mapping

Drama

Pocket chart voting

Three pile sorting

Discussion groups

Home visiting


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Communication Methods

Radio Programmes

TV/Video

Leaflets/Posters/Notice boards

Puppets


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Introduction to Baseline Survey


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Baseline survey timeline

Situation C Situation B Situation C

Secondary information(Information referred to thesituation before the disaster)

Situation B registered byassessment data

&

baseline survey data

Follow up survey

Disaster Response


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Response Time line

Initial rapidassessment:

Provides

generalinformationabout needs,

possible

interventiontypes and

resource

requirements

Rapid WASHassessment:

Provides moredetailed /sectorialinformationabout needs,

possibleintervention types

& resource

requirements

Hours/ Days

Ongoing assessment,monitoring and finetuning of response

Process whereby

information is continually

updated.

Pre Disaster Post DisasterImmediate Impact

Post DisasterAcute

Post DisasterStabilized

Post DisasterRecovery

Days/ Weeks Weeks Months

Detailed fieldassessment

Establishbaseline,design

monitoring

system

Developresponse, focusoninfrastructure &service delivery,start monitoringsystem

Co-ordinate,address priorityproblems

Consolidateimprovements,focus oncapacitybuilding,prepare forhandover

S li


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Sampling

Purposive sampling

Used to explore particular issue in depth withparticular group

Used for FGDs etc.

Sample to redundancy

Random Sampling

Allows us to use the few to describe the whole

If done well, results can be as reliable as a

census

Used for questionnaire or KAP survey


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Simple Random Sample

Use sample size of approximately 100

units

Represents a good enough approach

for a social survey in an emergency


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Malaria Control


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MalariaTransmission Cycle


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Human Malaria Cycle

Training for Hygiene Promotion. Part 2: Useful to Know

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