Traffic Jam, Pollution and Energy Consumption

Presented By

V.Sai SudharsanaK.M.BhartheS.Meenaatchi

T.C.Vijay KumarS.Shreya

What is meant by traffic jam?

Traffic congestion is a condition on road networks that occurs as use increases, and is characterized by slower speeds, longer trip times, and increased vehicular queuing.

When traffic demand is great enough that the interaction between vehicles slows the speed of the traffic stream, this results in some congestion.

When vehicles are fully stopped for periods of time, this is colloquially known as a traffic jam or traffic snarl-up.

What do you mean by pollution?

Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that causes adverse change.

Pollution can take several forms like air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution etc.

They have an adverse effect on our environment and also on human health .

Consumption of energy

Energy is consumed by us in many different ways as shown in the pie chart.

The only thing that bothers is that we keep consuming all our energy resources which

is limited and we will soon run out of resources. The only solution is to find alternative

sources of energy and ensure sustainable energy for all.

How is our topic interlinked?

When one is stuck in a traffic jam and he/she does not turn off his/her engine, there will automatically be more energy loss as fuels undergo combustion rapidly due to “turned on” engines.

When the fuels undergo combustion, they release harmful gases as an external product of the chemical reaction.

These harmful gases go into the atmosphere, thus resulting in air pollution.

How is our topic interlinked?

This is how our topic is interlinked:

Stuck in traffic jam

More energy is consumed (fuels)

More pollutants are released

More pollution

A small journey into this topic

What causes traffic jam?

There are two causes for traffic jam:

Recurrent causes Non-recurrent causes

Recurrent causes of traffic jam:The three main reasons: Insufficient capacity of the existing road

network due to the annual increase in traffic.

Privatization, due to more number of private vehicles and insufficiency of the existing public transport system.

Ill – timed and unorganized traffic systems. Common timing for all offices, schools,

colleges, universities, etc…

Elements of traffic jam

Traffic jam

Privatization

Urbanization

Population

Non - recurrent causes of traffic jamThe five main reasons: Incidents and accidents Road maintenance and

construction near work zones. Bad Weather conditions Special events like political

rallies, elections etc. Emergency situations

Comparison between causes of traffic jam

Non recurre

nt causes

Recurrent

causes

Urbanization

Privatization

Population

Bad weathe

r

Emergencies

Effects of traffic jam

Time loss Economic impacts and

productivity loss Accident rate increase Increase in pollution Decrease in road surface lifetime Vehicle maintenance costs

How does traffic jam and pollution affect us?

Air pollution

Noise polluti

on

Affects

human

body!!!

Traffic

jam

How are children affected?

By age 7Symptoms of anxiety and

attention problems Mental depression

By age 3Development of mental capacity is slower

Their IQ level is lower than other average children

Before birth; in the foetusDNA gets altered due to inhalation of polluted air by

mothersDeterioration of Neurons

How is our brain affected?

Deterioration of Mental

Capabilities

Memory Loss

Psychological Disorder

Traffic Stress Syndrome

Carbon Monoxide Induced Problems

Neuroplasticity Related Disorders

Deterioration of Mental Capabilities:

A period of 90 days, is sufficient to alter the DNA of people. It may also lead to inflammation of certain parts of the brain.

Intensification of electrical activity in the brain may lead to deterioration of behavior, personality, logic and decision-making and high levels of stress.

Carbon monoxide induced problems

Exposure and inhalation of carbon monoxide can result in psychological problems.

Once inhaled, the gas binds itself to the haemoglobin which reduces the volume of oxygen that reach the heart and brain, thereby affecting the brain.

Lung damage…!!!

Effects of Carbon monoxide in our body

It jeopardizes a person's judgment and reflex reactions.

It causes stress, anxiety and instant fear.

Mental alertness, capacities, stress handling capacity and patience get reduced.

Psychological disorders - Road rage

It is a momentary instance of anger or an effect of Intermittent Explosive Disorder (extreme expressions of anger).

Road rage is unhealthy outbursts of anger when in a traffic congestion.

Traffic Stress Syndrome

Drivers who suffer from it get scared of the slow crawl of traffic jam.

Neuro - plasticity disorders

Neurons are the nerve cells which communicate the impulse of the central nervous system.

Air pollution deteriorates the blood-brain barrier, cerebral cortex and glial cells, which causes severe long-term disorders.

Environmental effects

Global warming Global warming is now an accepted

fact by the world’s scientific community. The greatest influence appears to be the growth in emissions of CO2, the well known greenhouse gas.

Causes of Global warming:

CO2 emissions due to road transport are influenced by: Vehicle technology Fuel and how it is used Type of vehicle and how it is driven Efficiency of the road network and its

management The traveller’s choice of means of

transport. 

Global warming

Transport sector emissions grew by 26 %( 820 million tonnes) between 1990 and 2003. This trend has continued and is expected to further increase in the future.

global demand for oil:

The global demand for oil is expected to increase by 38% from 2008 to 2030.

The prospect of unstable and uncertain future oil supplies in the future will lead to increase in the prices of petroleum and diesel.

global demand for oil:

An integrated approach

towards the challenge

Our working model:Smoke detector

FRONT VIEW OF PHOTOELECTRIC SMOKE DETECTOR

LED STATUS INDICATOR

LIGHT.

Blinks RED when

Normal

Stay solid RED when in alarm.

BACK VIEW OF PHOTOELECTRIC SMOKE DETECTOR

COMMON TERMINAL

COLLECTOR

TERMINAL

TRANSMITTER

TERMINAL

INSIDE VIEW OF PHOTOELECTRIC SMOKE DETECTOR

TRANSMITTER: Emits a Infrared (IR) beam

COLLECTOR

Infrared (IR) beam

INSIDE VIEW OF PHOTOELECTRIC SMOKE DETECTOR

NOTICE: When no smoke is present the IR beam

does not hit the

collector

COLLECTOR

Once the IR beam hits the smoke the beam disperses. When the IR beam is displaced enough it will be picked up by the collector. This will cause the

smoke detector to go into alarm.COLLECTOR

Why smoke detector in a vehicle?

We insert this smoke detector at the back of a vehicle in order to check its smoke emission

When the smoke exceeds the limit, the smoke detectors warns by making sound.

This could check the fuel efficiency in a vehicle and by warning the drivers, it saves the vehicle and the globe…!

Our static model:Straddling Bus of China

Straddling bus of china:Brief Introduction It seems that rising population in

china has caused a lot of problems for efficient time spendings and transportation uses.

However, upcoming hi tech transportation system called ”straddling bus” helps us to use time efficiently and less time to be stuck on traffic.

Here is an example in a picture of what Straddling bus looks like:

How is straddling bus more beneficial than other modes of transportation?

It would get rid of all traffics

Time saving

Environmental

Faster

Reduces traffic by 30%

Saves upto 860 tones of fuel per

yearReduces 2640 ton of carbon

emissionWith a stability than any other public transit in

the world.

Characteristics of straddling bus:

It is proposed

by Shenzhen Hashi

It’s about

4.5 meters above ground

with two levels.

Passengers have

to get on 2nd level

and about 2 to 2.4 m above

ground

It’s hollow so

cars could go through under

the bus.

Characteristics of straddling bus:

It is driven by electricity and solar energy.

It could carry about 1200 to 1400 passengers

It’s average speed is about 60km/hour and it can go more

than that too.

No parking demands

Straddling bus could be laid by:

Remodelling the roads

Building station platforms

Or

Working of straddling bus:

Straddling bus is completely powered by municipal electricity and solar energy system.

The setting is called relay direct current electrification.

The bus itself is electrical conductor, two rails built on top to allow the charging post to run along with the bus, the next charging post will be on the rails before the earlier one leaves, that is why we call it relay charging. It is new invention, not available yet in other places.

Working of straddling bus:

The set here is super capacitor, a device that can charge, discharge and store electricity quickly. The power it stores during the stop can support the bus till the next stop where another round of charging takes place, achieving zero toxic gas throughout the process.

Precautions:

About the ultrasonic waves put forth from the end of the bus, that is to keep those high cars or trucks away from entering the tunnel.

Using laser ray to scan, cars get too close to the passage will activate the alarm on the bus end.

Inside the bus, there are turning lights that indicate a the bus is intending to make a turn to warn the cars inside.

Also radar scanning system is embedded on the walls to warn cars from getting too close to the bus wheels.

Precautions:

“…Sustainable development…”

The seven proposed measures:

Eco-driving support Eco-

traffic manage

mentEco-information and guidanc

eEco-

demand and

access manage

ment

Eco-mobility services

Eco-freight

and logistics management.

Eco-monitoring and modelin

g

The ‘golden rules’ of eco – driving:

Shift to a higher gear earlyMaintain a

steady speedSwitch off engine at signalsCheck tyre

pressure regularlyUse fuel

saving devicesRemove surplus weightRemove

unused roof racks

Promising technologies

Gear-shift indicator (GSI)

Tyre pressu

re monitoring syste

m(TPM

S)

Cruise

control

Enhanced

digital map 

Vehicle

communicatio

ns

What can the government do?Ban

purchase of

independent

vehicles.

Increase the

vehicle tax

Parking manage

ment

Improve traffic

operations

Improve public

transport

Implement

mobility manage

mentModify existing infrastru

cture

Build new infra

structure

What can the people do?

Co-operate with government to apply measures

Use eco-friendly vehicles

Avoid a/c in vehicles unnecessarily

Check the engine from time to time

Use public transport

If we work together, we can achieve our goal of living in an environment-friendly and

green atmosphere.

Please try to implement the aforementioned measures…

Thank you for

watching…!