Traditional China
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Transcript of Traditional China
Traditional China Family-Centered and the Four Early Dynasties
Objectives:
To enumerate the different contributions and signifcant features of the four early dynasties of China;
To compare and contrast the civilization and culture of China to India
To emulate Chinese values like fairness, piety and discipline
To express verbally their appreciation on the role of the family in the formaton of Chinese Civilization
Enduring Understanding
“One’s reflection or failure in life were as much reflection upon the family as they were upon the
individual.”
Review Indus Valley Civilization
Review
Indus Valley Civilization
Aryan conquest
India
China
One of the oldest civilization
Chinese civilization and culture
What chinese culture and contributions portrayed in the opening ceremony in beijing olympics 2008?
Chinese River valley civilization
What sustained the civilization?
A piece of thread in the mother’s hand Up and down the son’s clothes it ran
One stitch follows another By a mother concerned;
Waiting for her son’s early return. How can his heart feeble as a straw,
Return the sunny warmth of his mother at all
Family-Centered society
Ancestor Worship
Filial Piety
Chinese family
Each person was, first of all, a member of a family. One’s successes or failures in life were as much reflection upon
the family as they were upon the individual.
CONCEPT OF “FACE”
Traditional Roles in the family
Age brought prestige and wisdom
The oldest male ruled with unquestioned authority
Famiy Government
Father
Son
Leader
Constituents
Where did the power come from?
Mandate of Heaven
Mandate of Heaven Is a contract
The descendants of the ruler would inherit the authority
The mandate ended when emperor no longer
discharged his duties
Mandate of Heaven
Is a contract
The descendants of the ruler would inherit the authority
The mandate ended when emperor no longer
discharged his duties
Mandate of Heaven Is a contract
The descendants of the ruler would inherit the authority
The mandate ended when emperor no longer
discharged his duties
Dynasty
Mandate of Heaven Is a contract
The descendants of the ruler would inherit the authority
The mandate ended when emperor no longer
discharged his duties
Xia Dynasty Mythical Dynasty
(“Sha”)
The Xia Dynasty was in oral histories, but no archaeological evidence was found of it
until 1959.
1959
Mythical Dynasty No More...
Xia Dynasty
Xia Dynasty The Xia were agrarian (farming)
people, with bronze weapons and pottery.
The ruling families used elaborate and dramatic rituals to confirm their
power to govern.
Xia Dynasty
shamans (spiritual leaders and communicators with deities)
Shang Dynasty Considered by many historians as the first dynasty of
China
They are the first group of people from China of which written records are found.
Oracle Bones
Shang Dynasty
The Shang worshipped the "Shang Ti."
Sacrifice to the gods and the ancestors was also a major part of the Shang religion.
When a king died, hundreds of slaves and prisoners were often sacrificed and buried with him.
People were also sacrificed in lower numbers when important events, such as the founding of a palace or temple
Chou (“Joe”) Dynasty
The Chou began as a semi-nomadic tribe that lived to the west of the Shang kingdom.
Due to their nomadic ways, they learned how to work with people of different cultures.
After a time, they settled in the Wei River valley, where they became vassals (servants who owe and pay tributes) of the Shang.
The Chou (Zhou) eventually became stronger than the Shang,
and in about 1040 B.C.E. they defeated the Shang in warfare.
1. The Chou began a different form of governing, which was basically feudal
( meaning few people owned lots of land and controlled the vast majority of people living and working on it. )
2. The landowners were under control of the king. Descent became patriarchal (the father as the authority),
3. The Chou also brought their religion with them. They banned human sacrifice.
4. They practiced the cult of Heaven.
5. The worship of sun and stars was the most important thing.
Cult ���of���
heaven
change in governing style the Chou Dynasty ruled vast lands in China and they need to delegate authority to friends and relatives.
Provide army to the leader
threat to central rule Local lords could withhold tax money and build strong
military forces, weakening the power of the ruler
Solution Ruler demanded that the local lords pay tribute gifts to
show their loyalty.
Lords should stay in the capital for certain period of time
Threat from the nomadic tribes from the north
Always on the lookout for better grassland for their herds, they periodically tried to invade China.
1 advantage Northern Invaders
Great wall of china
scholars rise to power Chou moved east and the lost most of their power
New group called SCHOLARS arose to fill the void
power : capacity to read and write
k’ung fu-tzu Latinized name: CONFUCIUS
CONFUCIUS Was not a religious leader
Because his writings do not try to answer questions about god or life after death
his basic tenet
Individual had an obligations to family and society
Enduring Understanding
“One’s reflection or failure in life were as much reflection upon the family as they were upon the
individual.”
social and political conditions during confucius’ time
Lawlessness and political uncertainty were contributing to the breakdown of the family and society.
People no longer follow their fixed role in society or in their family
answer
! According to Confucius- to return to an earlier time, when society rested with males and elders and proper rules of conduct governed the relationships between people.
The need to bring back Law and Order
5 primary social relationships
! Ruler and Subject
! Father and Son
! Husband and Wife
! Elder and Younger Brothers
! Friend and Friend
The need to bring back Law and Order Objective:
5 primary social relationships
! Ruler and Subject
! Father and Son
! Husband and Wife
! Elder and Younger Brothers
! Friend and Friend
The need to bring back Law and Order
Superior Subordinate
Superior’s Obligation: is to set a good moral example for the subordinate
to follow so that someday, he will be able to lead well too.
For Confucius:
morality in the government
! Leaders should set a good example for the subjects;
! “If a ruler is upright, all will go well without disorder.”
! Introducing moral merit as a quality for leadership’
Moral merit is LEARNED and not
INHERITED
It made ability rather than wealth or birth the quality that could move people up or down the social
ladder.
Who is Lao-Tzu ?
Lao-Tzu Opposite to Confucius
Confucius Lao-Tzu
Credit society for shaping
the individuals
Blamed society for restricting the individual freedom
tao te ching Way of Life
Lao-Tzu wrote that individual originally lived in harmony in nature, free of rules and regulations and untroubled
knowledge. The purpose of life was to regain that natural
harmony by discovering the Tao (Dow) or “the Way” of the universe.
Tao Is a natural force that is sensed or felt rather than
learned from the words of a teacher
Many Taoist became hermits and lived i the mountain and forests, seeking harmony with nature.
But confucius disagreed with taoism
“It is man that can make the way great, not the way that can make the man great.”
legalism
Han Fei-Tzu
3rd school of thought
Principal thinker
Philosophy: 1. Strengthen the Government
2. Less importance-welfare of the people. 3. Those who are helpful to the state will be
rewarded; 4. Those who opposed should be punished
or eliminated