TRADITIONAL AND ALTERNATIVE HEALTH CARE PRACTICES

AMONG THE RESIDENTS OF CAGAYAN DE ORO C ITY

INTRODUCTION

Today and in the future, cultures have the human rights to have their cultural values,

beliefs, and needs respected, understood, and appropriately used within any caring or curing

process.. Transcultural nursing is a formal area of study and practice focused on comparative

human-care (caring) differences and similarities of the beliefs, values and patterned life ways of

cultures to provide culturally congruent, meaningful, and beneficial health care to people.

(Leininger& McFarland, 2002)

One of the health practices of Filipino tradition is conceived as a healing system. This is

because Hilot is intertwined with herbalism, bonesetting, midwifery, as well as esoteric practices

such as faith or spiritual healing. Its very principles dictate its uniqueness compared to concepts

of other hands-on methods. In Western society, it is expected that forms of bodywork extend to

a full hour or more.. Natural implements are sometimes used such as sticks and stones to help

penetrate and soften the muscle or to stimulate certain reflexes. In case of certain conditions,

coins, shells or similar objects are used to scrape the surface of the skin, as well as the hollow

tip of a carabao horn, bamboo, or glass cup to create a vacuum on the surface. There are a few

licensed health practitioners that advertise Hilot not just limited to the Filipino communities but to

the general public. Because of such individuals and others that go mainstream, Hilot is steadily

gaining exposure and a good reputation from the thousands of clients being treated, good

reviews from healers that learn its principles and techniques, and is gaining acceptance in the

medical community that is learning of its effectiveness.

The Filipino heritage is diversified. Filipino traditions have been influenced by Indian,

Chinese, Arabian, Spanish, Mexican, and American belief systems.There are many folk beliefs

about the causes of illnesses. Certain illnesses are believed to have a natural origin such as

overeating, poor diet, excessive drinking, infections, and accidents.Some, illness is felt to be

caused by spiritual and moral imbalances. Evil spirits caused by thoughts against the dead are

believed to be the origin of some diseases. Certain persons with extraordinary powers are

thought to be able to cast spells which cause illness. These persons are the Manga-ga-mud

(witch sorcerers). Additionally, a person may become ill if someone casts "the evil eye" upon

them.

Persons suffering from afflictions caused by a Manga-ga-mud or "the evil eye" can be

cured by one of two traditional healers - the Man-ga-gas, the spiritual healer, or the Hilot, the

massage healer. The Hilot uses three forms of treatment: faith healing through prayer, herbal

medicines, and massage and body manipulation. Bisayan Filipinos would seek treatment from

an local shaman or priest for illnesses of a supernatural origin. Religion and prayer play an

important role in Filipino health practices, and that miraculous cures are believed to be possible.

One of the health practices of Filipino is food for health and believed to cure and prevent

illnesses. The Philippine Islands are divided into three geographic regions; Luzon, Visayas, and

Mindanao. Each region has their own traditional foods. The traditional foods for all the Islands

are rice, pork, chicken adobo, pancit (rice noodles), panakbet (mixed vegetables), fish, and

lumpia (similar to Chinese egg roll) . Adobo is a method of preparing certain meats such as pork

or chicken that have been marinated in vinegar, garlic, soy sauce, bay leaf and ground pepper.

Pancit is a pasta made of rice or wheat noodles and is cooked with chicken, shrimp or pork in

soy sauce and garlic. Pancit resembles a Chinese chow-mein dish. Rice is eaten everyday by

Filipinos because it is believed to give a person energy. Bagoong (fermented fish) and patis

(fish extract) are used as spices daily in food. Garlic and onions are also used daily because it is

believed they thin the blood and lower blood pressure. To treat diarrhea, chewing on guava

shoots is recommended.The Filipino diet is traditionally healthy because their basic staples are

vegetables, fruits, and fish

Today Filipinos are still practicing traditional health practices no matter how advance our

health system they still tend to do self healing which they thought could minimize expenses

during hospital care and other alternative health practices in minimizin Health is a right of every

human being, healthy people is a prerequisite to national development. The DOH uses the life

span approach to design programs and assist in the delivery of health services to age specific

groups. It views health care individuals within the context of the family. The term family is define

as the basic unit of community. All members of the family are empowered to maintain their

health status. They must be free from disease of infirmity with disabilities. In public health

perspective , the health of the family is considered as whole and not individual ( Public Health

Nursing of the Philipines 10th edition page 118)

Wellness is a state of being of well. It means engaging in attitudes and behaviour that

enhance the quality of life and maximizing personal potential. Health care providers promote

wellness in clients who are both healthy and ill. This may involve individual and community

activities and to enhance healthy lifestyle, such as improving nutrition and physical fitness,

preventing drug and alcohol abuse, restricting smoking and preventing accidents and injury in

the home and work place. ( fundamentals of nursing 7th edition page 8).

Wellness in the opposite needs either medical, psychological attention, what if the

opposite of wellness is being achieved. So we have this alternative intervention that we believe

as our Traditional health care practices of Filipinos it is still being practice today. Some still do

not seek hospital care instead stay at home and self cure based on that the traditional practices

beliefs of on Filipino culture, one of this is the used medicinal herb plants which is still being

practiced today example of this is the Laya (Ginger) is used for treating sprained extremities. It

is chopped and applied to areas where extremities are sprained.g and preventing illnesses .This

study is conducted to find out the alternatives and traditional health care practices among the

residents of Cagayan de oro city

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

The study is based on the concept of self healing; healing is less understood than

pathophysiology. Until recently the idea of curing rather than healing has dominated the

western mode of health care, with emphasis on technology, power, analysis, and the repair of

damaged parts. Curing also implies that the person who offers cure is active and the person

who receives the cure is passive. The phenomenon of self-healing forces has again and again

challenged doctors in the different historical periods of medical science. They relied on effects of

self-healing forces in diagnosis and therapy. They also tried to explain these effects based on

the current model of organism. The understanding of this phenomenon has always influenced

the understanding of therapy and played a role in defining the concept of health and disease. In

the 17th and 18th century the idea of self-healing force was interpreted as a phenomenon

related to the organic forces, whereas in the 19th century the explanation was reduced to a

materialistic mechanism. Nowadays the knowledge of heath-shock-proteins open the way of a

new understanding of the organic defense mechanisms.

The concept of Transcultural Nursing - A humanistic and scientific area of formal study

and practice in nursing which is focused upon differences and similarities among cultures with

respect to human care, health, and illness based upon the people's cultural values, beliefs,

and practices, and to use this knowledge to provide cultural specific or culturally congruent

nursing care to people ..Leininger (1991) notes the main goal of transcultural nursing is to

provide culturally specific care. But before transcultural nursing can be adequately

understood, there must be a basic knowledge of key terminology such as culture, cultural

values, culturally diverse nursing care, ethnocentrism, race, and ethnography.

Traditional and alternative health care practices are still being practice today, some

believe it could minimize hospital expenses and could save money and some believe it is a

natural way of healing the success of this study will contribute to the awareness on the

different traditional and alternative health care practices among the selected residents of

cagyan de oro city. The independent variables include the profile of respondents in terms of

economic status , knowledge and health practices. The economic status focuses on the

monthly income of the family it is believe those family with low monthly income uses

traditional and alternative approach in their health practices, their knowledge could determine

their awareness on to what traditional health practice approach they are practicing, and the

health practices could determine their intervention in every illnesses encountered. The

traditional and alternative health care practices among the selected residents of Cagayan de

Oro City is viewed as to whether they are never as 1, sometimes as 2, always as 3. The

respondents economic status. Knowledge, and health practice may influenced the traditional

and alternative health care practices among the selected residents of Cagayan de Oro city

INDEPENDENT VARIABLES DEPENDENT VARIABLES

Figure 1. Schematic presentation showing the relationship between the independent,

dependent variable.

Respondents in terms of:

Economic status Knowledge Health practice

Traditional and alternative health practices among the selected residents of cagayan de oro city

During fever During cough

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The researchers aim to investigate traditional and alternative health care practices

among the selected residents of Cagayan de Oro city . This is to find out the the different health

practices applied, the research seeks to determine the factors that coul lead the resident in

practicing alternatives It is also the intention of this research to provide awareness in practicing

traditional and health care practices.

Specifically, the following objectives will be pursued:

1. To determine the economic status, beliefs and health practices.

2. To determine the traditional and alternative health care practices during fever and

cough.

3. To determine the significant relationship between the traditional and health care

practices and health beliefs, knowledge and practice.

NULL Hypothesis

      The hypothesis was tested at 0.05 level of significance.  

Ho1:    There is no significant relationship between the level of vulnerability of health care

providers on the hospital setting in Cagayan de Oro city when respondents are group their

sanitation, knowledge and protocols

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY      

The result of the study will be beneficial to the following: 

Clinical Instructors. From the results of the study, the clinical instructors will be aware

and gain knowledge about the alternative and traditional health care practices of the

Cagayan de oro residents

Nursing Students. Through this study the students will be aware to increase there

awareness of different health care practices of the residents of Cagayan de Oro city

Parents. This study will be a guide for the parents of the students on how to provide

care and support to their children.

Future Researchers.  This study will provide interest to the future researchers based on

the information which serves as springboard for their own investigation.  

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

This study is focused on the traditional and alternative health care practices among the

residents of Cagayan de oro city of.  The independent variables are limited only to the

economic status, beliefs, health practices while  and the dependent variables Traditional and

alternative health practices among the selected residents of cagayan de oro city

RESEARCH DESIGN 

      This research study made use of the descriptive method. It is designed for the investigators

to gather information about present existing conditions. The principal aim in employing this

method is to describe the level of vulnerability of healthcare providers in the hospital setting in

Cagayan de Oro City  .Padua (1995) stated that descriptive evaluative study is to judge the

goodness of a criterion measure. The findings might serve as basis for decision making and

policy format for the organization concerned. Further, descriptive evaluative research is an

evaluation of the nature of the existing situation during the time of the study.   Interview was also

conducted to validate the data

RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY

      The respondents of the study will be selected residents of barangay Carmen and barangay

bulua Cagayn de Oro city.. They will be chosen purposively by the researchers based on the

information provided to their barangay leaders  

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

      The main instrument used in gathering the data for this study was a two-part researcher-

made questionnaire. The first part of the instrument contained items that gathered information

about the profile of the respondents.  Part II obtained data about Traditional and alternative

health practices among the selected residents of cagayan de oro city The questionnaires were

personally distributed by the researchers to the respondents and were immediately retrieved. 

SCORING PROCEDURE

Data of the study will be gathered with the use of a 3 point scale with the following

description

scale description Qualitative statement

3 Always Practiced always in 3 out 0f

3 situation

2 Sometimes Practiced sometimes in 2

out of 3 situation

1 Never Never been practice in 1

out of 3 situation

LITERATURE REVIEW

The beliefs and traditions of community members have a profound effect on the

health of the community. Traditional beliefs regarding specific health behaviors such as

smoking can influence policy, for example, on whether or not funds will be spent on

antismoking legislation or on some other matter such as highway infrastructure. These

beliefs also influence the types of food, recreational activities, and health services

available in a community. Traditional health-related beliefs and practices among

different ethnic groups fall into three groups: (1) beliefs that result in no harmful health

effects, (2) beliefs that may produce beneficial health outcomes, and (3) beliefs and

traditions which have serious, harmful health outcomes.

the world are replete with traditional health beliefs and practices surrounding

fertility. For example, pregnant women in many Asian cultures are advised that if they

eat blackberries their baby will have black spots, or that if they eat a twin banana they

will give birth to twins. Such ethnocentric beliefs have their foundation in folklore and

traditional practices. The Vietnamese traditionally believe that disease is caused by an

imbalance of the humoral forces of yin and yang. When ill, Vietnamese commonly use

herbal medicines and a set of indigenous folk practices referred to as "southern

medicine" in an effort to restore the yin/yang balance. These practices, from the

Western viewpoint, were once thought to pose barriers to health. Recent investigations,

however, revealed that certain beliefs and practices predicted neither lack of access to,

nor underutilization of, health services. In fact, individuals should not be discouraged

from placing faith in such beliefs, as they may result in positive health outcomes.

(Health Care Access and Preventive Care Among Vietnamese Immigrants: Do

Traditional Beliefs and Practices Pose Barriers?" Social Science and Medicine

43(7):1049–1056.)

The popular Western belief, "an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure,"

aptly illustrates the value of prevention—the planning for and taking action to prevent or

forestall the occurrence of an undesirable event. Prevention is more desirable than

intervention, which is the taking of action during an event. Preventive activities include

immunization for childhood diseases, the use of protective clothing or sunscreen to

prevent skin cancer, health-education and health-promotion programs, the use of

automotive passenger restraints and bicycle helmets, chlorination of a community's

water supply, and safe-housing projects.

Cigarette smoking, the largest preventable cause of death and disability in

developed countries (and a rapidly growing health problem in developing countries), is a

classic example of a behavior for which an ounce of prevention is truly worth a pound of

cure. Despite thousands of conclusive studies establishing cigarette smoking as a

cause of cancer, and despite the resulting coughing, odor, facial wrinkles, skin

discoloration, ostracism, and increasingly socially unacceptable nature of this behavior,

smoking rates remain high in certain population groups. Between 1993 and 1995, 47

percent of both black males and white males with less than twelve years of education

were smokers. Among U.S. youths, in the late 1990s, more than one-third of high

school seniors reported having smoked during the preceding two weeks. Unfortunately,

because the debilitating effects of smoking are not visibly present for many years

following initiation of the behavior, most individuals are not willing to do the "ounce of

prevention" part of the adage. A different story emerges for those who do quit smoking.

Smokers who have quit for up to five years soon regain positive health benefits, such as

less coughing, better breathing, and life expectancies equivalent to individuals of the

same age who have never smoked. An additional benefit to society is purely economic:

for every dollar invested in a smoking cessation program, society gets back ten dollars

in terms of decreased rates of tobacco-related morbidity and mortality (or a cost savings

of over $50 billion per year at current rates of investment).( U.S. Department of Health

and Human Services (1999). Health, United States, 1999. Hyattsville, MD: National

Center for Health Statistics.)

On the other side of the scale are health beliefs and practices that result in

physical harm or negative health outcomes. Female circumcision, or female genital

mutilation (FMG), is a graphic illustration of a traditional practice with a negative health

outcome. The traditional belief is that the practice of FMG ensures virginity and family

honor, secures fertility, promotes the economic and social future of daughters, and

perpetuates a "religious tradition." FMG is also believed to preserve group identity, help

maintain cleanliness and health, and further marriage goals, including enhancement of

sexual pleasure for men. As of 2001, the practice was outlawed in the United Kingdom,

Sweden, Belgium, the United States, Canada, Switzerland, France, Denmark, and in

some African nations, such as Egypt, Kenya, and Senegal. The practice of FMG is

justified by proponents who assert it "attenuates sexual desires in girls and protects

their morals." Complications occurring immediately after the practice, and in ensuing

years, range from disability to premature death. The practice is also believed to play a

significant role in facilitating the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

infection through numerous mechanisms. (Brady, M. (1999). "Female Genital Mutilation:

Complications and Risk of HIV Transmission." AIDS Patient Care and Studies

13(12):709–716)

Filipino Traditional Medicine has been in practice for more than a thousand years

as recorded in the annals of Asian travelers starting circa the 8th century A.D. Even

before the Spanish colonial era in the Philippines (1521-1898), traders from China, India

and Persia have been visiting the islands of Southeast Asia. Thus, health scholars will

be able to trace influences of the Great Traditions in Medicine, namely, Traditional

Chinese Medicine (TCM), Ayurvedic Indian Medicine and Yunani-Tibb (Greek-Persian)

Medicine in Filipino Traditional Medicine.

Spanish Colonial Era. The Spanish chroniclers and friars also documented in full

detail accounts of indigenous healing as practiced in the different islands of the country.

Foremost among the Hispanic literature in the Philippines are the botanical descriptions

of medicinal plants and trees and their uses by various types of traditional healers. On

the other hand, with the Catholic Christianity that Spain brought, the colonizers

suppressed traditional healing practices which were labeled as pagan and “works of the

devil”. The medical and health systems of Spain during its early colonial era in the

Philippines, however, was not yet the modern scientific medicine as practiced in Europe

in the late 19th century but was also a mix of European traditional medicine mainly

using natural substances as herbs and minerals. Hispanic medicine was also greatly

influenced by Yunani-Tibb (Greek-Persian) medicine since Spain was under the Moors

of Persia and Arabia during the first centenaries of the Second Millennium. Thus, when

scholars examine present day Filipino Traditional Medicine, elements of pre-modern

Hispanic medicine and Yunani-Tibb can be appreciated.

Modern European medicine, as a product of the industrial revolution and advancements

in science, came only to the Philippines with the establishment of a College of Medicine

in the University of Sto. Tomas in the latter part of the 19th century. However education

was only available to the children of the Spanish colonizers and a few Filipino mestizo

elite, thus modern European medicine was not accessible and available to the ordinary

Filipino.

American Colonial Era. It was only during the American Colonial Era (1898-1946)

that universal education was made available to all Filipinos. North American medicine

was inevitably introduced with the establishment of the Philippine Medical School, now

the University of the Philippines College of Medicine. With North American health and

medical systems imbedded in government and society, Filipino Traditional Medicine has

been sidelined and mainly ignored. However, North American medicine being the

dominant culture, invariably elements of the new colonizer’s medicine made inroads

also in the practice of Filipino Traditional Healing such as the use of synthetic medicines

especially in the urban and peri-urban areas.

Globalization. With the increasing intensity of globalization starting in the late

20th century to the present, Europeans and North Americans also became open to

accepting and absorbing the best of the great and little traditions of medicine of Asia

into their conventional medical and health practices. Asia, on the other hand, has also

embraced the European and North American models of health and medical care. The

new art and science of Integrative Medicine otherwise known also as Complimentary

and Alternative Medicine, North-South Medicine and Holistic Health and Medicine is

thus born. Spa Health and Wellness is an extension of this Integrative Medicine being

its major expression of health promotion, preventive medicine, restorative health,

holistic health and wellness. It is thus a natural consequence that the Philippine Spa

and Wellness Movement willfully merge Filipino Traditional Healing and Indigenous

Medicine into its philosophy and practice.

Filipino Traditional Medicine as it exists today is thus an eclectic mix of

indigenous healing knowledge, attitudes, skills and practices that has included a blend

of great traditions of medicine of China, India, Greek-Persia and the conventional

medicine of Europe and North America, while basically retaining its distinct socio-

cultural characteristics. An understanding of the world view and theories of health and

illnesses will be helpful to truly appreciate its worthiness. This process will eventually

lead to a smooth integration of Filipino Traditional Healing into Spa Health and

Wellness.

Interviews with thousands of Filipino traditional healers and a review of literature

reveal a unity of purpose and reason for being of their indigenous healing practices.

Theory of Elements (Kalikasan). The belief is that all things on earth and the universe,

living and non-living are compose of the four basic elements of earth (kalikasan ng

lupa), wind (kalikasan ng hangin), fire (kalikasan ng init) and water (kalikasan ng tubig).

Each of these four basic elements have their own characteristics and manifestations in

every object on earth that expresses their uses and effects. Each element is interrelated

with the other elements and must remain in harmony and balance to achieve peace

(kapayapaan), calm (katahimikan)`and serenity (kaginhawahan) in the world. The four

elements are also applied to health and illnesses and a harmony and balance in the

human body of these four elements spell wellness or disease. Note: In Chinese

Traditional Medicine there are five elements: earth, fire, water, wood and metal; The last

two wood and metal are different from two of the four elements of Filipino Traditional

Medicine. Ayurvedic Indian Medicine, also has five elements with the addition of ether to

the four elements, thus: earth, fire, water, wind and ether.

The Theory of Humours - Hot and Cold. (Init at Lamig).Every object on earth, living and

non-living are also labeled as either hot or cold. In Traditional Chinese Medicine this is

the yin (cold) and the yang (hot). Balance and harmony must also be achieved between

hot and cold within the human body and in the environment. A dominance of one

humour will lead to a disease state (pasma/pasmo, pilay/pi-ang). Hot and cold labels

are applied to medicinal plants, food, aroma, daily life activities and diseases. A disease

labeled hot would be treated by a medicinal plant labeled as cold to achieve balance,

thus restoring good health.

The Theory of Energy and Balance (Kisig at Patas). Energy (Kisig) is created by

the interaction of opposite forces e.g. macrocosm vs microcosm; hot vs cold; and by the

interaction of the elements of earth, wind, fire and water. However, all of these opposite

forces must achieve a state of balance and harmony. (Patas-patas). And in the human

body, the interaction of humankind and the environment, the hot and the cold, the four

elements must also be in balance and harmony to achieve health and wellness.

Health and wellness is thus created when there is balance and harmony in the universe,

in humankind and in the human body. Illness is a result of a state of imbalance and

disharmony in the universe, in humankind and in the human body. This is the major

paradigm of Filipino Traditional Healing. This is completely different from the paradigm

of germs and microbes as the major causes of illnesses in European-North American

medicine. Note however, of late, European-North American medicine has accepted that

there are beneficial bacteria aside from just harmful bacteria; and pro-biotics as oppose

to antibiotics.

However in the theory of the causes of health and illnesses regarding

degenerative diseases or lifestyle diseases, there are resonances between Traditional

Healing and European-North American where good diet/nutrition versus bad

diet/nutrition, distress versus relaxation, a life of activity and exercise versus sedentary

life, good habits versus bad habits, virtues versus vices all play roles in creating

cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, depression and accidents.

(www.healththeories.com)

While Filipino Traditional Healing has a comprehensive body of knowledge, skills

and practices, the following are the healing modalities that are suited for merging with

Spa Health and Wellness: The Paligo. Mixtures of air-dried tropical and indigenous

aromatic leaves and flowers with medicinal properties are made into a warm decoction

whose volume is calibrated to ensure a rinsing bath. Mixtures are classified into hot-cold

(init/lamig) balancing rinsing bath; an earth-wind-fire-water herbal balancing rinsing

bath; and a Binat Regulator (Stress Regulator) herbal rinse. The term Binat defies a

direct or literal translation in English. Binat is a state of dis-ease or severe discomfort

that results when a person who has undergone a stressful (work related stress) or

change of life situation (grief due to loss of a loved one) or a body-mind-spirit fatigue

(childbirth) or a prolonged fever/cough/cold illness, upon the first few hours or first day

of feeling well, returns to her/his normal daily routine. In Traditional Filipino Healing, the

holistic body has not yet fully recovered despite the subjective feeling of the concerned

person. Thus, a return to Binat or the state of dis-ease and severe discomfort. the

Oslob. Is a steam inhalation from infusions of air-dried aromatic medicinal herbs and

plants usually given to persons with a state of imbalance and harmony especially from

excess of cold energy. The patient for Oslob is placed under a one person tent made of

cotton cloth where the hot infusion is administered. The Hilot. This is the centerpiece of

the merging of Filipino Traditional Healing and Spa Health and Wellness. To preserve

the integrity of this uniquely Filipino massage technique, there will be a special brochure

that will be distributed to interested parties during the ISPA International Conference.

There will also be a sneak preview via live demonstration of the Hilot during the

conference. (www.enotes.com)

The Hilot is an eclectic mix of indigenous traditional massage techniques from

seven major ethno-linguistic cultural areas of the Philippines bringing forth the best in

each practice ensuring a joyful yet serene total body experience. A distinct feature is the

use of strips of warm banana leaves applied to the different parts of the body at various

stages of the massage therapy. The Dinalisay. These are decoctions of a mixture of

medicinal herbs indigenous to the Philippines, grown in certified organic farm

communities. The Dinalisay are classified in to hot Dinalisay, cold Dinalisay, Earth

Dinalisay, Wind Dinalisay, Fire Dinalisay and Water Dinalisay – all aim at restoring

balance to any state of disequilibrium. The Kisig Galing. This is the use of biomagnetic

energy healing of naturally gifted Filipino Traditional Healers. With the use of their

hands as outlets for transfer of positive biomagnetic energy (Kisig) from their own

personal biomagnetic energy (Kisig) and the positive energy from the environment to

the person in dis-ease, they are able to heal (Galing) parts of the body or the energy

channels or the total body that may have states of imbalance and disharmony. The

Unang Lana. This is the Filipino Virgin Coconut Oil. Made only from the flesh of freshly

picked 90 day old coconuts, which are cold pressed to extract the first coconut oil

(Unang Lana), the clear colorless virgin oil with a distinct sweet aroma is used as a total

body rub, a hair tonic, a massage liniment, a facial mask or even a daily jigger drink for

health and wellness, restoration of body balance and harmony, rejuvenation and body

thermogenesis. All these effects are due to its high content levels of monolaurines or

lauric acid, vitamin E and other anti-oxidants. The Tapik Kawayan. This the use of one

centimeter thick, five centimeter long bamboo (Kawayan) sticks to tap (Tapik) certain

body areas identified through hand palpation to have biomagnetic energy blocks or

predominance of cold humours. The Tapik Kawayan releases the energy blocks to allow

once more the free flow of biomagmetic energy in the affected body parts or the release

of cold humours to achieve a balance of hot/cold (init/lamig) humours. ( WWW.

MUBAPHILLIPINES,COM)

LICEO DE CAGAYAN UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF NURSING

R.N. Pelaez Boulevard

Cagayan de Oro City

Dear Respondent,

The researchers are currently conducting a study entitled Traditional and Alternative

health care practices among the residents of Cagayan de oro city.” Kindly answer the following

questions in order for us to gather data for the aforementioned study.

PART 1 RESPONDENTS PROFILE

A. ECONOMIC STATUS

Monthly income ( ) 10,000 above

( ) 7,000- 10,000

( ) 5,000- 7,000

( ) below 5,000

B. HEALTH BELIEFS

( ) believed that some illnesses are cause by spirits that enters the body

( ) believed that cutting nails at night create hang nails

( ) Walking bare-footed increases the risk of developing varicose veins.

( ) Sleeping with your hair damp causes blindness.

( ) other________________________________

C. HEALTH PRACTICE

( ) goes to manghihilot when sick

( ) used of medicinal plants when sick

( ) used of water therapy when sick

( ) goes to witch doctors when sick

( ) seek medical advice

PART II TRADITIONAL AND ALTERNATIVE HEALTH CARE PRACTICES AMONG THE RESIDENTS OF CAGAYAN DE ORO C ITY

Direction: please check

DURING FEVER 1 2 3 Never sometimes always

Giving fluids like water to help

Cool down the body

Giving warm blanket in sleeping

to promote perspiration to help

lowering the body temperature

Placing an ice pack on the

forehead when lying down to

lower body temperature

Application of native vinegar all

over the body it is believed to be

absorbed in the skin that helps

lower down fever

Drinking soft drinks like royal

thru orange and egg it is

believed to aid in faster recovery

DURING COUGH 1 2 3

never sometimes Always

Water therapy is

encouraged to help soften

the secretion

Eating of raw mangoes to

help relieve coughing

Drinking of hot calamansi

juice relieves coughing

Application of menthol

vapor rub on chest

To promote breathing

Using kalabo leaves as an

herbal remedy