Trade Routes

Silk Road TradeIndian Ocean Trade

Trans Saharan Trade

What you need to know:

•Climate and location of the routes

•typical goods and products being traded

•ethnicity of people involved

•technology and domesticated animals making it possible

•religious and cultural beliefs that are also spreading

•diseases and epidemics that are also spread

Silk RoadCentral Asia steppesCentral Asia steppes

Silk Road•Groups involved:

• Central Asian steppe nomads, pastoralists

• Why did it flourish in the 7th and 8th centuries? p 336

• Why did it flourish again in the 13th? p 336

•When and why does it begin? • 100‘s B.C.E., Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty demands “heavenly horses”

from steppe nomads

•Exchange of products:• From east to west: Silk, spices

• From Central Asia to west and east: horses and high-quality jade

• From west to east: glassware, woolen and linen textiles, olive oils, wine

•Method of Travel:Method of Travel:•camel caravanscamel caravans

Caravanserai

Overnight resting place for merchants and their camels. Common along the Silk Road.

Silk Road•Cultural exchange:

• Zoroastrianism, Christianity and Manichaeism from west to Central Asia

• monks, missionaries and pilgrims spread Buddhism from India to China

• Buddhism most prominent faith of merchants 200 b.c.e. - 700 c.e. = carried to Central, East and S.E. Asia

•Spread of technology:

• Use of chariot warfare, mounted bowmen and the stirrup from Central Asia spreads east to China and west to the Mediterranean Region

• Impact of stirrup in Europe = armored knights will dominate Feudal Europe

• Impact of stirrup in China = will contribute to rise of Tang Dynasty due to their superior cavalry

How did Buddhism change as it spread along the Silk Road to China? page

339

More spread of technology - The qanat system

Ancient irrigation system originating in PersiaSpread west to Africa and east to Central Asia

Allowed farming in arid, desert-like places where no rivers were found.

Silk Road - the spread of diseases

•Spread of pathogens (germs) for epidemics, diseases such as smallpox, measles and the bubonic plague from Central Asia to both Han Dynasty of China and Roman Empire

•Results: 1/4 to 1/3 of population in both dies as a result of epidemic diseases that moved along the Silk Roads

•A major factor in the collapse of the Han and Roman empires

page 340

How did the spread of disease impact empires connected to the Silk Road? p 340 - 341

Indian Ocean Trade

Indian Ocean Trade

•Regions connected by trade:

• East Africa, Arabia, India, Southeast Asia and South China

•Early migrations

• From S.E. Asia to Madagascar

• Results = bananas, yams and other S.E. Asian plants now in Africa

dhow ships

Climate = using monsoons

triangular lateen sails without oars = Indian triangular lateen sails without oars = Indian OceanOcean

trireme - Greek warship = trireme - Greek warship = Mediterranean SeaMediterranean Sea

Indian OceanExchange of

Products•From Africa: Exotic animals, wood

and ivory

•From Persian Gulf: pearls

•From India: spices

•From S.E. Asia: spices and pottery obtained from China

Spread of Religion

•Hinduism:

•From India to S.E. Asia: Java

•Buddhism:

•From India to S.E. Asia: Burma, Thailand, Sumatra

Trans-Saharan Trade

Introduction of Introduction of camel camel domesticationdomestication from from ArabiaArabia by way of by way of EgyptEgypt

desert nomadsdesert nomads

From northern coast of Africa = wheat for Roman From northern coast of Africa = wheat for Roman EmpireEmpire

From Southern part of Sahara desert = saltFrom Southern part of Sahara desert = salt

From equatorial forest area: palm oil, kola nutsFrom equatorial forest area: palm oil, kola nuts

Middlemen = farming peoples of the SahelMiddlemen = farming peoples of the Sahel

Climate zones of Africa

Sahel = coast of SaharaSahel = coast of Sahara

Southern coast of Sahara DesertSouthern coast of Sahara Desert

Equatorial forest zoneEquatorial forest zone

Northern AfricaNorthern Africa

What cultural and biological changes occurred as a result of long-distance trading occurring

between 600 and 1450?page 334-335

1.What is the name of this trade route?2.What domesticated pack animals were used in this trade route?3.What religion spread through this trade route?

Trade in the Americas BEFORE

Columbusno trade between them

Why? Give 2 reasons.page 349 - 350

Which two civilizations relied more on trade: Aztec or Inca?

Why?pages 353 - 354

After the 600’s. . . How did the rise of Islam impact

trade?

Trans-Saharan Trade and Indian Ocean trade will increase with the arrival of Muslim merchants and Muslim empires.

Muhammad was a merchant so Islamic societies will accept trade as an honorable economic activity and merchants, if honest like Muhammad, will be respected.

What civilization had an opposite view of merchants?

Know the location and general features of the following cities which developed between 600 and 1450 as

a result of trade :1. Novgorod2. Timbuktu

3. The Swahili city-states4. Hangzhou

5. Calicut

6. Baghdad7. Melaka8. Venice

9. Tenochtitlan10. Cahokia

Identify important new trading cities of the 600 to1450 era.

1

2

3

45. .

.

.

...

.6

.7

.8

.9

.10

Know specific details about each.