Trade Flow Analysis - Kazakhstan_final

ECO: IDENTIFYING INTRA-REGIONAL EXPORT POTENTIAL IN AGRO-PRODUCTS AND PROCESSED FOODS

KAZAKHSTAN

KAZAKH EXPORTS AND EXPORT OPPORTUNITIES FOR

PROCESSED FRUIT AND VEGETABLES

(WORKING DOCUMENT)

2004

(Project No. KAZ 61/90)

KAZAKH EXPORTS AND EXPORT OPPORTUNITIES FOR PROCESSED FRUIT AND VEGETABLES

International Trade Centre UNCTAD/WTO (ITC) 2

This document was prepared within the framework of the project KAZ 61/90 and the South-South Trade Promotion Programme (SSTP). It aims to provide a statistical background of export opportunities for processed fruits and vegetables from Kazakhstan.

The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the International Trade Centre UNCTAD/WTO (ITC) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. While every effort has been made to verify the information contained in this document, ITC cannot accept any responsibility for any errors that it may contain.

The report was produced by Ms. Ariuntuya Tsend-Ayush with the support of the Market Analysis Section (MAS) and Ms. Sylvie Bétemps. For further details on the methodology of the present document, please contact Ms. Sylvie Bétemps (ITC, e-mail: [email protected]; tel: +41-22-7300 204; fax: +41-22-7300 249). For additional information on the South-South Trade Promotion Programme (SSTP), please contact Mr. Govind Venuprasad (ITC, e-mail: [email protected]; tel: +41-22-7300 614; fax: +41-22-7300 249).

This report has not been formally edited by the International Trade Centre UNCTAD/WTO (ITC)



TABLE OF CONTENTS

Note 4

A. BACKGROUND – EXPORT OVERVIEW 6 B. EXPORTS AND EXPORT OPPORTUNITIES FOR PROCESSED FRUIT AND VEGETABLES FROM KAZAKHSTAN 7 C. FURTHER MARKET OPPORTUNITIES 34 D. METHODOLOGY 36



NOTE

The following abbreviations are used: B Billion

CIF Cost, Insurance and Freight

CIS Commonwealth of Independent States (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Republic of Moldova, The Russian Federation, Tajikistan, The Ukraine and Uzbekistan)

ECO Economic Cooperation Organization (Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Islamic

Republic of Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan)

EU European Union

FDI Foreign direct investments

FOB Free on Board

GDP Gross domestic product

HS Harmonized System Nomenclature

ITC International Trade Centre UNCTAD/WTO

M Million

Mt Metric tons

nes not elsewhere specified

SME Small and Medium size Enterprises

SSTP South-South Trade Promotion Programme

UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

UNSD United Nations Statistics Division

WTO World Trade Organization



A. BACKGROUND – EXPORT OVERVIEW In 2002, Kazakhstan ranked 63rd in the world as an exporting country. The country’s exports reached US$ 9 billion in value, having expanded sharply, by 18% per year between 1998 and 2002. Growth of world exports increased by 4% on average per year during the same period. Fuels and manufactured products accounted for 80% of Kazakhstan’s total exports in 2002 (see figure 1). Food products (live animals, beverages, animal and vegetable oils and fats) represented 4,11%.

Figure 1. Breakdown of Kazakhstan’s exports in 2002

Source: ITC PC-TAS 1998-2002

The main food products exported by Kazakhstan are cereals (HS10), especially wheat, muslin, barley and maize (see table 1). Ranked 6th amongst all product categories exported by the country, they generated an income of US$ 277 million. Kazakhstan’s exports of vegetables, fruits and related preparations (HS07, HS08, HS20) reached US$ 24.3 million, while exports of fish, crustaceans and molluscs (HS03) amounted to US$ 13.6 million. Flour-based products, milk preparations (HS19) and milling products (HS11) together generated revenues of US$ 10.5 million.

FUELS & LUBRICANTS 51.12% INEDIBLE CRUDE

MATERIALS11.01%

FOOD PRODUCTS4.11%

OTHER0.42%

MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS

30.39% CHEMICALS

2.94%



Table 1. Kazakhstan’s exports of food products in 2002

Source: ITC TradeMap As prioritized by Kazakhstan’s Ministry of Trade, in cooperation with ITC, Kazakhstan’s export opportunities for processed fruits and vegetables have been explored in the following chapters. Product groups, with six-digit HS-6 codes, that fall under the category of processed fruits and vegetables and comprise part of Kazakhstan’s export portfolio, have been listed in table 2. The table shows not only volumes, but also values per ton and changes in export volumes and values between 1998 and 2002. The import figures for the same products are provided for comparison. On the one hand, they allow checking for indications of re-exports, on the other, for market potential in the domestic markets. It is also possible that there are quality differences between imported and exported products and/or that different products within the same HS 6- digit product groups are imported or exported.

HS Code Product

Value 2002 in US$

thousand

Annual growth in

value between

1998-2002, %

Annual growth in

value between 2001-2002, %

Annual growth of world exports between 1998-

2002, %

Ranking in country exports

Share in world exports, %

Ranking in world exports

8,988,831 18 17 4 0.1 63

10 Cereals 277,322 -3 -11 -2 6 0.8 18

07 Edible vegetables and certain roots and tubers 16,439 -17 -12 3 17 0.1 73

03 Fish, crustaceans, molluscs, aquatic invertebrates nes 13,632 21 28 3 19 0 97

08 Edible fruit, nuts, peel of citrus fruit, melons 7,206 -29 -59 0 25 0 107

19 Cereal, flour, starch, milk preparations and products 5,258 46 30 4 29 0 79

11 Milling products, malt, starches, inulin, wheat gluten 5,187 -48 -72 1 30 0.1 59

17 Sugars and sugar confectionery 3,923 -11 -67 0 33 0 107

05 Products of animal origin, nes 2,907 20 -55 0 35 0.1 65

15 Animal,vegetable fats and oils, cleavage products, etc 2,366 -36 -34 -5 38 0 107

16 Meat, fish and seafood food preparations nes 2,023 -5 -82 3 41 0 94

14 Vegetable plaiting materials, vegetable products nes 1,792 -35 -75 -2 43 0.5 36

02 Meat and edible meat offal 1,149 -51 -82 3 46 0 85

12 Oil seed, oleagic fruits, grain, seed, fruit, etc, nes 1,096 -8 2 2 47 0 122

04 Dairy products, eggs, honey, edible animal product nes 1,020 4 87 0 50 0 100

20 Vegetable, fruit, nut, etc food preparations 665 -20 -58 1 54 0 113

18 Cocoa and cocoa preparations 449 9 -23 1 59 0 118

21 Miscellaneous edible preparations 153 -13 93 3 69 0

09 Coffee, tea, mate and spices 136 -3 38 -13 70 0 159

13 Lac, gums, resins, vegetable saps and extracts nes 50 -24 -75 2 79 0 108

01 Live animals 38 -76 -15 1 81 0 140

06 Live trees, plants, bulbs, roots, cut flowers etc 22 59 -82 2 83 0 141

All products



Table 2. Kazakhstan’s exports of fruits and vegetables products in 2002

HS rev. 1 Product

Value 2002 in

US$ thousand

Qty 2002 (tons)

Value per ton

Annual growth in value bw 98-02%

Annual growth

in quantity bw 98-02%

Annual growth in

value bw 01-02%

World market share%

Ranking in world market

Annual grwth in value of

world imp bw 98-02 %

Value 2002 in

US$ thousand

Qty 2002 (tons)

Value per ton

Annual growth in value bw 98-02 % Exp'rs

Share in Kaz's

imports, %

070310Onions and shallots, fresh or chilled 8,205 65,839 125 -30 -21 101 0 26 -3 45 625 72 -28 Kyrgyzstan 89

070200Tomatoes, fresh or chilled 4,063 6,660 610 17 26 -51 0 24 2 23 19 1,211 -38 Netherlands 100

080719(1996) Melons, fresh, other than watermelons 2,454 9,048 271 -28 -14 7 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

080711(1996) Watermelons, fresh 1,783 13,851 129 -43 -21 -52 0 25 -2 0 0 0 0 0 0

070490

Cabbages,kohlrabi,kale and sim edible brassicas nes,fresh or chilled 1,448 6,174 235 -1 13 -37 0 25 2 10 214 47 -37 0 0

070960

pp gCapsicum or of the genus Pimenta,fresh or 973 4,730 206 -18 -3 -30 0 38 4 29 304 95 -42 Kyrgyzstan 45

070610Carrots and turnips, fresh or chilled 634 4,052 156 10 23 337 0 31 2 0 0 0 0 0 0

080810 Apples, fresh 591 1,328 445 -9 2 -87 0 51 1 3,216 19,024 169 5 China 84

081090 Fruits, fresh nes 582 1,309 445 0 10 -19 0 48 7 0 0 0 0 0 0

080910 Apricots, fresh 562 888 633 35 60 -66 0 19 -2 11 144 76 Kyrgyzstan 100

070700

Cucumbers and gherkins, fresh or chilled 390 787 496 -16 -5 -75 0 41 2 0 0 0 0 0 0

080610 Grapes, fresh 257 360 714 -26 -19 -84 0 52 4 17 22 773 19Russian Federation 65

080940 Plums and sloes, fresh 232 560 414 -3 19 -75 0 31 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

200980

Fruit&veg juice nes (exc mx) unferment unspiritd, whether/not sug/sweet 184 316 582 -8 8 -27 0 89 4 732 836 876 -3

Moldova, Rep.of 27

071333

Kidney beans&white pea beans drid shelld,whether o not skinnd o split 163 385 423 -18 2 65 0 57 -4 85 194 438 -24 USA 95

080211Almonds in shell fresh or dried 145 173 838 0 21 4 0 0 0 0 0 0

070690

Salad beetroot, salsif, celeriac,radish&sim edibl roots,fresh/chilld nes 125 549 228 -5 8 -31 0 33 -4 0 0 0 0 0 0

200970

Apple juice unfermented spiritd whether or not sugard or sweetend 108 184 587 -14 -17 67 0 67 1 1,119 2,274 492 29

Russian Federation 50

070930Aubergines(egg-plants), fresh or chilled 101 264 383 -33 -27 -27 0 28 3 0 0 0 0 0 0

080232Walnuts, fresh or dried, shelled or peeled 82 43 1907 34 0 44 7 0 0 0 0 0 0

200919

Orange juice nes, unfermentd spiritd,whether or not sugard or sweet 77 131 588 -33 0 81 15 850 1,267 671 14


070990Vegetables, fresh or chilled nes 75 41 1829 123 108 -69 0 99 7 39 0 0 0 Israel 100

080930Peaches, including nectarines, fresh 74 109 679 -21 -13 -85 0 50 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

080820Pears and quinces, fresh 71 147 483 -33 -24 -81 0 56 0 160 629 254 2 China 49

081290

Fruits&nuts provis preservd but unfit f immediate consumption nes 67 317 211 34 0 39 -10 0 0 0 0 0 0

071190

Vegetables nes&mixtures provis presvd but nt f immediate consumptn 66 20 3300 144 0 51 -3 0 0 0 0 0 0

071220Onions dried but not further prepared 60 45 1333 329 0 53 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

080231Walnuts in shell, fresh or dried 60 105 571 -1 29 114 0 28 -2 0 0 0 0 0 0

200110

gherkins,prepared or preserved by vinegar or acetic acid 50 199 251 1 17 127 0 55 0 274 364 753 7 Hungary 77

080920 Cherries, fresh 48 35 1371 42 55 -89 0 42 4 0 0 0 0 0 0

List of Products exported by Kazakhstan in 2002 Imported by Kazakhstan



Source: ITC TradeMap

HS rev. 1 Product

Value 2002 in

US$ thousand

Qty 2002 (tons)

Value per ton

Annual growth in value bw 98-02%

Annual growth

in quantity bw 98-02%

Annual growth in

value bw 01-02%

World market share%

Ranking in world market

Annual grwth in value of

world imp bw 98-02 %

Value 2002 in

US$ thousand

Qty 2002 (tons)

Value per ton

Annual growth in value bw 98-02 % Exp'rs

Share in Kaz's

imports, %

130219Vegetable saps and extracts nes 46 2 23000 -15 -73 0 73 -7 11 4 2,750 -12 0 0

200590

g gprep/presvd o/t by vinegar/acetic acid,not frozen 46 89 517 -69 0 94 3 411 883 465 28


071339

Beans dried, shelled, whether or not skinned or split, nes 36 57 632 -29 0 56 8 0 0 0 0 0 0

081310 Apricots, dried 36 57 632 -34 -15 -51 0 42 -4 17 6 2,833 60 Germany 100

071230

Mushrooms and truffles dried but not further prepared 34 2 17000 0 59 -5 0 0 0 0 0 0

200190

Veg,fruit,nut&edible prts of plants nes, prep/presvd by vin/acetic acid 32 100 320 28 40 -52 0 85 10 155 183 847 -17 Hungary 35

080620 Grapes, dried 31 51 608 -53 -40 -98 0 57 -7 32 64 500 -25Iran (Islamic Republic of) 100

200950

Tomato juice unfermented spirited, whether or not sugared or sweet 30 66 455 -49 -53 0 0 50 -8 350 726 482 33


200940

Pineapple juice,unfermented¬ spiritd,whether or not sugard or sweet 27 47 574 0 73 0 719 842 854 52 China 60

070190Potatoes, fresh or chilled nes 25 155 161 -39 -39 -14 0 86 -3 340 6,244 54 -25


071390

Leguminous vegetablesdried,shelled,whether or not skinnd or split,nes 18 38 474 100 0 54 42 0 0 0 0 0 0

200600

Fruit,nut,fruit-peel&pts of plant presvd by sugar (draind,glacé/cryst) 15 2 7500 0 64 0 17 29 586 1 0 0

200819

Nuts&seeds nes incl mx,o/w prep o presvd,sugard,sweetend,spiritd o not 14 18 778 0 81 4 255 161 1,584 1


200960

Grape juice (incl grape must) unferment & unspiritd,wthr/nt sug/sweet 13 21 619 0 61 -5 119 146 815 8




B. Export opportunities for processed fruits and vegetables

1. Kazakhstan’s production of fruits and vegetables Kazakhstan produces various types of fruits and vegetables (see table 3). With an average annual production of 1,896,311 Mt and 314,336 Mt respectively, potatoes and tomatoes represent the largest crops within this category. Kazakhstan’s production of tomatoes expanded between 1992 and 2002, by 3.23%, while potato production declined by 1.52% during this period. With the exception of dry peas, which declined by 17.18%, the average annual production of watermelon, cabbages, gherkins, peas and onions increased reaching a volume of 307 Mt and 200 Mt. This misrepresents the real situation as potato production has increased steadily since 2000. Dry pea production has been increasing since 2000. Production of all crops declined from 1992 to 1995 but, with the exception of dried onions, all have experienced stable, and in some cases rapid, growth since. Table 3. Kazakhstan’s production of fruits and vegetables between 1992 and 2002

Source: FAO Statistical database on agricultural products, 2002

1992 1995 2000 2001 2002Potatoes 2,569,700 1,720,800 1,692,600 2,184,800 2,268,800 1,896,311.82 -1.52Tomatoes 400,000 308,000 387,030 447,200 448,855 314,336.36 3.23Watermelons 288,400 162,300 421,600 519,200 628,803 307,894.82 12.98Cabbages 212,000 170,000 262,670 303,500 321,793 214,942.36 5.36Cucumbers and Gherkins 123,000 95,000 190,600 218,000 256,000 145,301.73 9.89Peas, Dry 93,700 24,320 9,200 13,600 26,655 30,541.36 -17.18Onions, Dry 80,000 70,000 302,000 348,900 309,922 200,717.09 18.88Apples 77,000 36,600 144,600 132,400 110,453 70,204.82 10.35Grapes 63,000 68,320 61,600 43,200 26,275 40,879.55 -5.02Vegetables Fresh nes 58,000 54,600 152,100 167,800 187,700 99,609.09 14.24Carrots 48,000 40,000 163,620 189,100 214,469 102,371.73 21.59Plums 26,000 10,000 7,370 5,500 12,520 9,753.64 -7.40Peaches and Nectarines 18,800 8,200 2,770 1,100 2,369 5,794.45 -21.84Pears 18,000 15,500 10,240 9,400 9,572 10,346.55 -3.37Beans, Dry 15,000 4,000 15,500 16,600 3,797 11,727.00 -4.93Apricots 14,000 8,000 6,740 2,600 5,745 7,198.64 -11.32Cherries 11,000 13,000 12,030 6,400 14,026 10,750.55 -0.71Eggplants 8,000 14,000 21,500 24,500 28,000 15,818.18 13.10Beans, Green 5,000 6,000 8,500 10,000 11,000 6,872.73 8.51Strawberries 3,200 4,800 5,340 5,100 6,000 4,849.09 6.07Broad Beans, Green 3,000 5,000 9,000 10,400 11,000 6,336.36 13.94Applejuice Single Streng 2,800 2,100 490 560 700 1,915.45 -20.51Leeks and Oth.Alliac.Veg 1,000 2,000 12,000 14,000 15,000 6,045.45 35.97Groundnuts in Shell 900 1,600 340 400 162 872.91 -16.6Quinces 300 300 2,500 800 1,800 818.18 22.86Fruit Dried nes 200 600 240 320 320 401.82 -1.6Peas, Green 100 150 130 100 200 129.36 3.29Berries nes 0 0 0 200 200 36.36 …Dry Apricots 0 72 9 18 72 29.45 …Fruit Fresh nes 0 1,000 10,100 7,700 23,000 5,209.09 …Homogen.Cooked Fruit Pre 0 320 0 0 0 101.82 …Mushrooms 0 0 500 500 500 209.09Onions+Shallots, Green 0 0 0 1,000 1,000 181.82 …Walnuts 0 1,000 1,000 1,000 800 709.09 …

ProductsAnnual mean

(Mt) Growth (%)Production (Mt)



2. Kazakhstan’s exports of fruits and vegetables Kazakhstan mainly exports potatoes, tomatoes, watermelon and cabbages (see table 2). As confirmed by FAO statistics, it is also a producer of those product groups. This suggests that the country is not re-exporting, but has its own supply capacity. Kazakhstan’s export opportunities have been analysed hereunder for those currently processed fruit and vegetable product groups, classified in decreasing order of export value, namely:

• Juice of fruit or vegetables, whether or not containing added sugar or other sweetening

matter (excl. fermented or containing alcohol, mixtures, citrus fruit, pineapple, tomato, grape, incl. grape must and apple juice) (HS200980)

• Dried, shelled kidney beans "phaseolus vulgaris", whether or not skinned or split (HS071333)

• Apple juice, whether or not containing added sugar or other sweetening matter (excl. fermented or containing alcohol) (HS200970)

• Fresh or dried walnuts, shelled and peeled (HS080232) • Orange juice, whether or not containing added sugar or other sweetening matter (excl.

fermented or containing spirit and frozen) (HS200919) • Fruit and nuts, provisionally preserved, but unsuitable in that state for immediate

consumption (excl. cherries and strawberries) (HS081290) • Vegetables and mixtures of vegetables provisionally preserved, but unsuitable in that

state for immediate consumption (excl. onions, olives, capers, gherkins and gherkins) (HS071190)

• Dried onions, whole, cut, sliced, broken or in powder, but not further prepared (HS071220)

• Gherkins and gherkins, prepared or preserved by vinegar or acetic acid (HS200110) • Vegetables and mixtures of vegetables, prepared or preserved otherwise than by vinegar

or acetic acid (excl. frozen, homogenized vegetables of subheading 2005 10, and tomatoes, mushrooms, truffles, potatoes, sauerkraut, peas "pisum sativum", beans "vigna spp., phaseolus spp." asparagus, olives and sweet corn "zea mays var. saccharata") (HS200590)

• Dried, shelled beans "vigna and phaseolus", whether or not skinned or split (excl. beans of species "vigna mungo (l.) hepper or vigna radiata (l.) wilczek", adzuki beans and kidney beans) (HS071339)

• Dried apricots (HS081310) • Dried mushrooms and truffles, whole, cut, sliced, broken or in powder, but not further

prepared (HS071230) • Vegetables, fruit, nuts and other edible parts of plants, prepared or preserved by vinegar

or acetic acid (excl. gherkins, gherkins and onions) (HS200190) Fruit and vegetable juice (HS200980) Kazakhstan’s performance in the world market Ranked 89th in the world, Kazakhstan’s exports of fruit and vegetable juice reached 316 tons in 2002, worth US$ 184,000. Exports of fruit and vegetable juice decreased by 8% on average per year in value but increased by 8% on average per year in quantity between 1998 and 2002. World imports increased by 4% on average per year in value during this period.



In 2002, Kazakhstan exported fruit and vegetable juice to Kyrgyzstan (see table 4). Table 4. Kazakhstan’s exports of fruit and vegetable juice (HS200980) in 2002

Source: ITC TradeMap Main competitor countries on the world market Kazakhstan accounts for 85% of Kyrgyzstan’s total imports of fruit and vegetable juice. Kazakhstan’s unit value for fruit and vegetable juice in Kyrgyzstan, of US$ 589 per ton, is higher than Uzbekistan’s (at US$ 432), also supplying the country. Potential new markets Kyrgyzstan ranks 124th in world imports of fruit and vegetable juice. The world’s largest importers are the United States, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, France and Canada. With the exception of the UK, these are all large and growing import markets. The Dominican Republic, Korea, Venezuela and Ireland have the fastest growing import markets for fruit and vegetable juice. Table 5. The world’s main importers of fruit and vegetable juice (HS200980) in 2002

Importers

Exported value

2002 in US$

thousand

Share in Kazakhstan's

exports, %

Exported quantity

2002 (tons)

Unit value (US$ per

unit)

Export trend in value

between 98-02, %, p.a.

Export trend in quantity


Export growth in

value between 01-02, %, p.a.

Ranking of partner

countries in world

imports

Share of partner

countries in world imports,

%

Total import growth in value of partner countries


Total 184 100 316 582 -8 8 -27 4

Kyrgyzstan 176 96 299 589 124 0

Importers

Value imported in 2002 in US$

thousand

Qty imported in 2002 (tons)

Quantity unit

Unit value (US$ per unit)

Annual growth in value between 98-

02,%

Annual growth in quantity between

98-02,%


02,%

Share in world

imports%World estimation 869,442 0

No quantity 4 14 4 100

United States of America 107,677 228,957

Cubic meters 470 4 12 12

Germany 107,111 71,855 Tons 1,491 2 13 10 12Japan 67,044 29,060 Tons 2,307 5 14 -19 7Netherlands 52,033 26,305 Tons 1,978 1 9 1 5United Kingdom 41,396 32,330 Tons 1,280 -2 24 17 4France 38,765 31,408 Tons 1,234 3 18 19 4Canada 34,516 28,435 Tons 1,214 4 8 1 3Saudi Arabia 28,897 42,382 Tons 682 17 23 -3 3Italy 23,620 15,334 Tons 1,540 7 10 26 2Austria 22,911 14,552 Tons 1,574 4 14 -14 2West Asia not elsewhere specified 21,375 34,615 Tons 618 2Belgium 17,079 14,047 Tons 1,216 3 22 1 1Russian Federation 16,160 36,605 Tons 441 1 19 -13 1Korea, Rep. of Korea 15,830 4,719 Tons 3,355 50 41 -27 1Denmark 15,495 10,699 Tons 1,448 18 38 8 1Singapore 14,302 15,938 Tons 897 12 4 -2 1Portugal 11,981 12,455 Tons 962 10 9 26 1Qatar 11,594 11,755 Tons 986 21 1Switzerland 11,462 4,256 Tons 2,693 0 3 17 1Spain 10,426 13,878 Tons 751 -6 -7 64 1Sweden 10,418 7,508 Tons 1,388 2 20 3 1

Australia 9,819 4,840Cubic

meters 2,029 13 16 1Guatemala 7,732 12,853 Tons 602 1 6 8 0Ireland 7,622 5,130 Tons 1,486 20 29 104 0



Importers


thousand


Quantity unit



02,%


98-02,%


02,%

Share in world

imports%Hong Kong (SARC) 7,402 5,621 Tons 1,317 15 15 -9 0Israel 6,660 0 No quantity 19 34 0Albania 6,360 22,440 Tons 283 20 37 48 0Bahamas 6,135 0 No quantity -6 24 0Honduras 5,939 8,206 Tons 724 12 21 -11 0Greece 5,752 3,855 Tons 1,492 -8 5 9 0

Taiwan, Province of (China) 4,982 0 Tons 11 4 5 0Dominican Republic 4,743 0 Tons 69 0 131 0Finland 4,217 2,599 Tons 1,623 5 12 4 0El Salvador 4,166 5,994 Tons 695 11 18 -3 0Venezuela 4,089 5,136 Tons 796 49 79 -35 0Costa Rica 4,083 4,279 Tons 954 12 4 37 0Mexico 4,061 30,222 Tons 134 11 95 -25 0Oman 4,037 4,568 Tons 884 734 0Norway 3,903 996 Tons 3,919 1 6 30 0

Source: ITC TradeMap Dried shelled kidney beans (HS071333) Kazakhstan’s performance in the world market Ranked 57th in the world, Kazakhstan’s exports of dried shelled kidney beans reached 385 tons in 2002, worth US$ 160,000. Exports of dried shelled kidney beans decreased by 18% on average per year in value but increased by 2% on average per year in quantity between 1998 and 2002. World imports decreased by 4% on average per year in value during this period. In 2002, Kazakhstan exported dried shelled kidney beans to Turkey and the Russian Federation (see table 6). Table 6. Kazakhstan’s exports of dried shelled kidney beans (HS071333) in 2002

Source: ITC TradeMap Main competitor countries on the world market Kazakhstan ranks 10th in the Turkish market, accounting for 1% of the country’s total imports of dried kidney beans after China, Kyrgyzstan, Iran, Argentina, Egypt, Canada, the Netherlands, the Ukraine and Moldova. Kazakhstan’s unit value for dried kidney beans in Turkey, of US$ 419 per ton, is the lowest amongst all the above-mentioned suppliers to the Turkish market. Kazakhstan ranks 8th in the Russian market for dried kidney beans after Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, the United States, the Ukraine, Kyrgyzstan, the Netherlands and Germany. Kazakhstan’s exports in Russia decreased by 18% in value on average per year between 1998 and 2002, while Russian imports of this product increased by 32% on average per year in value during this period. Kazakhstan’s unit value for dried kidney beans in Russia, of US$ 455 per ton, is higher than that of the Ukraine, Uzbekistan, the Netherlands, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan and lower than that of the United States and Germany.

Importers

Exported value

2002 in US$

thousand


exports, %

Exported quantity

2002 (tons)

Unit value (US$ per

unit)





Export growth in


Ranking of partner

countries in world

imports

Share of partner


%



Total 163 100 385 423 -18 2 65 -4

Turkey 143 88 341 419 107 12 2 4 Russian Federation 20 12 44 455 -18 2 -33 41 0 32



Potential new markets Turkey and the Russian Federation rank 12th and 41st in world imports of dried kidney beans. The world’s largest importers are Mexico, Italy, the United Kingdom, Spain, the Netherlands, Venezuela and Cuba. Markets have been fluctuating in the largest importing countries, however smaller volume markets in Cuba, the United States, Egypt and India have shown strong growth. Table 7. The world’s main importers of dried shelled kidney beans (HS071333) in 2002

Source: ITC TradeMap Apple juice (HS200970) Kazakhstan’s performance in the world market Ranked 67th in the world market, Kazakhstan’s exports of apple juice reached 184 tons in 2002, worth US$ 108,000. Exports of apple juice decreased by 14% on average per year in value and by 17% on average per year in quantity between 1998 and 2002. World imports increased by 1% on average per year in value during this period.

Importers


thousand


Unit value (US$ per

unit)


02,%


98-02,%


02,%

Share in world

imports%World estimation 711,439 1,387,126 513 -4 3 10 100Mexico 65,358 108,218 604 -15 -12 14 9Italy 55,104 83,261 662 0 4 -2 7United Kingdom 51,887 97,329 533 -7 -3 2 7Spain 36,858 51,398 717 1 3 12 5Netherlands 34,269 88,825 386 6 10 53 4Venezuela 31,699 60,298 526 -8 0 -2 4Cuba 31,512 98,584 320 42 65 26 4France 28,004 34,736 806 -11 -9 21 3United States of America 25,790 43,102 598 49 57 98 3Brazil 23,309 81,738 285 -26 -12 -55 3Portugal 20,940 35,546 589 -1 3 20 2Turkey 19,525 37,866 516 4 10 16 2Algeria 17,171 39,461 435 12 28 149 2Costa Rica 16,003 28,048 571 -5 3 22 2Egypt 15,161 34,121 444 33 39 45 2Greece 13,743 16,477 834 2 3 143 1Canada 13,472 19,367 696 12 11 59 1Pakistan 13,013 42,321 307 10 15 33 1Colombia 12,770 18,786 680 -10 -17 -21 1India 12,637 31,415 402 23 24 66 1Japan 12,361 17,343 713 4 6 -18 1South Africa 12,000 34,916 344 190 1Belgium 11,991 22,646 529 13 25 21 1Angola 11,602 28,254 411 23 30 227 1Iraq 10,152 20,483 496 11 12 -2 1Germany 8,448 12,262 689 -11 -6 0 1Bulgaria 6,765 17,808 380 -12 -5 69 0Free Zones 6,644 9,647 689 -1 -1 -71 0Yemen 5,461 14,704 371 10 15 32 0New Zealand 4,794 6,922 693 26 26 57 0Hungary 4,342 5,369 809 52 92 61 0Korea, Rep. of Korea 4,237 15,599 272 6 16 21 0Zimbabwe 4,099 0 2242 0Israel 4,032 0 2 -14 0Guatemala 3,792 7,116 533 33 35 97 0Yugoslavia 3,117 4,857 642 0 -2 -10 0Lebanon 2,675 4,288 624 7 13 8 0Slovakia 2,551 5,611 455 44 55 6 0Switzerland 2,431 2,139 1,137 -6 -2 29 0



In 2002, Kazakhstan exported apple juice to Kyrgyzstan and the Russian Federation (see table 8). Table 8. Kazakhstan’s exports of apple juice (HS200970) in 2002

Source: ITC TradeMap Main competitor countries on the world market Kazakhstan’s exports of apple juice to Kyrgyzstan make up to 29% of the country’s total imports, while Kazakhstan’s unit value for apple juice in Kyrgyzstan, of US$ 590 per ton, is the highest amongst the countries’ suppliers. Kazakhstan’s exports to the Russian Federation are marginal (US$10,000, representing 18 tons of fruits). This market declined in Russia, decreasing by 1% on average per year in value between 1998 and 2002. Potential new markets Kyrgyzstan and the Russian Federation rank 76th and 12th respectively in world imports of apple juice. The world’s largest importers are Germany, the United States, Japan, Austria, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Canada and Denmark. With the exception of the United Kingdom and Japan these are growing markets. Belarus, Mexico, Israel and New Zealand are the fastest growing markets. The highest unit value paid, after Japan, is in Saudi Arabia. Table 9. The world’s main importers of apple juice (HS200970) in 2002

Importers

Exported value

2002 in US$

thousand


exports, %

Exported quantity

2002 (tons)

Unit value (US$ per

unit)





Export growth in


Ranking of partner

countries in world

imports

Share of partner


%



Total 108 100 184 587 -14 -17 67 1

Kyrgyzstan 98 91 166 590 76 0 Russian Federation 10 9 18 556 -14 -17 67 12 1 -1

Importers


thousand


Quantity unit



02,%


98-02,%


02,%

Share in world

imports%World estimation 999,045 0

No quantity 1 11 -4 100

Germany 256,475 449,415 Tons 571 1 11 7 25United States of America 244,602 1,356,149

Cubic meters 180 3 -5 24

Japan 75,888 77,584 Tons 978 -1 6 -28 7Austria 47,705 109,495 Tons 436 1 16 -21 4



Source: ITC TradeMap Fresh or dried walnuts (HS080232) Kazakhstan’s performance in the world market Ranked 44th in the world, Kazakhstan’s exports of fresh or dried walnuts reached 43 tons in 2002, worth US$ 82, 000. World imports increased by 7% on average per year in value between 1998 and 2002. In 2002, Kazakhstan exported fresh or dried walnuts to France and Turkey (see table 10). Table 10. Kazakhstan’s exports of fresh or dried walnuts (HS080232) in 2002


Importers

Exported value

2002 in US$

thousand


exports, %

Exported quantity

2002 (tons)

Unit value (US$ per

unit)





Export growth in


Ranking of partner

countries in world

imports

Share of partner


%



Total 82 100 43 1,907 34 7

France 39 48 18 2,167 3 6 7

Turkey 39 48 23 1,696 129 12 2 70

Importers


thousand


Quantity unit



02,%


98-02,%


02,%

Share in world

imports%Netherlands 44,105 80,551 Tons 548 0 9 2 4United Kingdom 44,070 65,857 Tons 669 -7 6 -21 4Canada 26,469 31,459 Tons 841 4 8 10 2Denmark 22,389 39,278 Tons 570 10 16 55 2Belgium 20,554 37,471 Tons 549 -5 1 0 2France 20,519 43,018 Tons 477 -6 1 -13 2Italy 19,913 35,901 Tons 555 -6 0 -29 1Russian Federation 17,398 34,834 Tons 499 -1 4 7 1

Australia 13,949 19,424Cubic

meters 718 3 -5 1Sweden 12,905 16,148 Tons 799 -2 9 12 1Belarus 11,558 14,515 Tons 796 43 46 98 1Greece 8,767 10,606 Tons 827 5 19 15 0Finland 8,710 9,429 Tons 924 5 11 -8 0Spain 6,817 12,141 Tons 561 -3 5 3 0Ireland 5,718 7,265 Tons 787 10 30 -4 0Norway 5,412 6,243 Tons 867 13 19 24 0Mexico 5,263 71,120 Tons 74 35 148 -29 0El Salvador 3,987 6,979 Tons 571 16 29 12 0Czech Republic 3,858 6,455 Tons 598 18 12 32 0Saudi Arabia 3,496 3,746 Tons 933 2 8 -5 0Hong Kong (SARC) 2,920 3,432 Tons 851 -1 6 -35 0Israel 2,673 0 No quantity 32 3 0Guatemala 2,643 4,756 Tons 556 2 7 -32 0

Taiwan, Province of (China) 2,468 0 No quantity -1 19 -12 0Honduras 2,384 4,410 Tons 541 17 32 -7 0Panama 2,373 3,265 Tons 727 17 19 102 0

New Zealand 2,283 2,845Cubic

meters 802 30 66 0Singapore 2,167 3,071 Tons 706 2 7 -12 0Portugal 2,090 4,840 Tons 432 7 29 3 0Croatia 1,969 2,612 Tons 754 4 12 1 0Malaysia 1,887 2,429 Tons 777 25 31 18 0South Africa 1,868 3,190 Tons 586 68 0Nicaragua 1,852 3,546 Tons 522 7 6 -13 0United Arab Emirates 1,802 0 No quantity 19 23 41 0Luxembourg 1,794 2,139 Tons 839 3 0 21 0



Main competitor countries on the world market Kazakhstan ranks 20th in the French market. Kazakhstan’s unit value for dried walnuts in France, of US$ 2,167 per ton, is higher than that of Greece and Kyrgyzstan but lower than the majority of its main competitors (Belgium, Poland, Bulgaria, India, Romania, Moldova, Slovakia and China) and lower than the average price of France’s imports at US$ 2,979 per ton. Kazakhstan ranks 10th in the Turkish market. Kazakhstan’s unit value for dried walnuts in Turkey, of US$ 1,696 per ton, is lower than Tajikistan’s (US$ 1,727) and higher than the average price of all suppliers to the Turkish market (the Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Romania, Afghanistan, Moldova, Pakistan, Bulgaria, Iran and China). Potential new markets France and Turkey are rank 3rd and 12th respectively in world imports of dried walnuts. Other large importers are Japan, Germany, Greece, Spain and Canada. All of these markets are growing, with Greece and Spain showing rapid growth. The Russian Federation, Turkey, Korea and Belgium have the fastest growing import markets for dried walnuts. Table 11. The world’s main importers of dried walnuts (HS080232) in 2002

Importers


thousand


Unit value (US$ per

unit)


02,%


98-02,%


02,%Share in world

imports%World estimation 282,642 81,200 3,481 7 9 7 100Japan 45,815 9,935 4,611 3 3 6 16Germany 29,476 7,197 4,096 3 7 11 10France 19,166 6,434 2,979 7 7 6 6Greece 16,732 5,522 3,030 31 29 51 5Spain 15,560 3,867 4,024 19 17 -4 5Canada 14,632 4,655 3,143 7 6 -17 5United Kingdom 10,663 2,859 3,730 3 1 -8 3Belgium 10,657 2,417 4,409 46 45 222 3Israel 9,924 0 6 -24 3Australia 8,895 2,435 3,653 9 6 3 3Switzerland 8,386 1,474 5,689 2 4 12 2Turkey 8,283 5,279 1,569 70 68 1078 2Italy 7,434 1,745 4,260 12 13 -5 2Austria 6,723 2,276 2,954 1 0 46 2Korea, Rep. of Korea 5,752 1,362 4,223 58 60 27 2Netherlands 5,219 1,428 3,655 -13 -9 -5 1Brazil 4,539 899 5,049 -9 -3 -28 1Mexico 4,241 2,682 1,581 16 29 -6 1Slovenia 3,236 1,064 3,041 -4 -5 23 1

Taiwan, Province of (China) 3,024 808 3,743 9 1 19 1Portugal 2,706 623 4,343 2 7 -13 0Bosnia and Herzegovina 2,501 1,355 1,846 11 14 111 0Egypt 2,403 595 4,039 12 9 -6 0Hungary 2,219 872 2,545 11 11 26 0Croatia 2,128 1,105 1,926 10 0 91 0Syrian Arab Republic 2,032 1,500 1,355 0Lebanon 1,960 598 3,278 -18 -23 21 0Denmark 1,749 429 4,077 -5 -3 -11 0Jordan 1,731 851 2,034 -1 2 16 0Russian Federation 1,723 1,030 1,673 96 84 -37 0



Source: ITC TradeMap Orange juice (HS200919) Kazakhstan’s performance in the world market Ranked 67th in the world, Kazakhstan’s exports of orange juice reached 131 tons in 2002, worth US$ 77,000. World imports of this product increased by 15% on average per year in value between 1998 and 2002. In 2002, Kazakhstan exported orange juice to Kyrgyzstan (see table 12). Kazakhstan does not grow oranges; it imports orange juice from the Russian Federation. Table 12. Kazakhstan’s exports of orange juice (HS200919) in 2002

Source: ITC TradeMap Main competitor countries on the world market Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation are the only suppliers of orange juice in Kyrgyzstan. Kazakh produce accounts for 22% of Kyrgyzstan total imports of orange juice. Its unit value in Kyrgyzstan, of US$ 598 per ton, is higher than that of the Russian Federation, of US$ 477 per ton.

Importers

Exported value

2002 in US$

thousand


exports, %

Exported quantity

2002 (tons)

Unit value (US$ per

unit)





Export growth in


Ranking of partner

countries in world

imports

Share of partner


%



Total 77 100 131 588 -33 15

Kyrgyzstan 73 95 122 598 89 0

Importers


thousand


Unit value (US$ per

unit)


02,%


98-02,%


02,%Share in world

imports%Hong Kong (SARC) 1,715 470 3,649 -17 -18 7 0Moldova, Rep.of 1,615 647 2,496 55 0Czech Republic 1,466 532 2,756 0 -1 73 0Norway 1,334 205 6,507 3 0 6 0United Arab Emirates 1,249 379 3,296 0 -11 -5 0New Zealand 1,223 342 3,576 6 3 37 0Yugoslavia 1,119 490 2,284 256 0Singapore 1,044 276 3,783 10 12 4 0Sweden 1,023 289 3,540 -7 -5 5 0



Table 13. The world’s main importers of orange juice (HS200919) in 2002

Source: ITC TradeMap Preserved fruits and nuts (HS081290) Kazakhstan’s performance in the world market Ranked 39th in the world, Kazakhstan’s exports of preserved fruits and nuts reached 317 tons in 2002, worth US$ 67,000. World imports decreased by 10% on average per year in value between 1998 and 2002. In 2002, Kazakhstan exported preserved fruits and nuts only to the Russian Federation (see table 14). Table 14. Kazakhstan’s exports of preserved fruits and nuts (HS081290) in 2002


Importers

Exported value

2002 in US$

thousand


exports, %

Exported quantity

2002 (tons)

Unit value (US$ per

unit)





Export growth in


Ranking of partner

countries in world

imports

Share of partner


%



Total 67 100 317 211 34 -10 Russian Federation 67 100 317 211 34 18 0 -5

Importers


thousand


Quantity unit



02,%


98-02,%


02,%

Share in world

imports%World estimation 1,634,164 0

No quantity 15 18 42 100

Netherlands 357,563 197,858 Tons 1,807 70 33 275 21Belgium 225,701 346,743 Tons 651 45 42 1 13France 212,403 356,528 Tons 596 4 7 24 12United Kingdom 147,190 237,032 Tons 621 11 16 18 9Germany 136,351 216,386 Tons 630 32 45 97 8Canada 120,486 176,358 Tons 683 0 7 7Japan 53,786 43,266 Tons 1,243 7 14 13 3Spain 38,144 55,992 Tons 681 15 5 19 2Switzerland 33,830 30,958 Tons 1,093 1 6 34 2Saudi Arabia 31,578 21,742 Tons 1,452 -3 2 9 1Sweden 22,704 29,373 Tons 773 1 4 21 1United States of America 22,627 50,849

Cubic meters 445 29 66 1

Denmark 20,797 32,668 Tons 637 11 7 159 1Ireland 18,925 23,092 Tons 820 4 22 -15 1Italy 15,997 22,877 Tons 699 -1 9 9 0Finland 15,310 13,150 Tons 1,164 -1 3 24 0Austria 13,477 22,114 Tons 609 6 36 73 0Portugal 7,938 10,385 Tons 764 4 7 34 0Russian Federation 7,307 9,470 Tons 772 3 -2 14 0Greece 6,323 11,672 Tons 542 7 6 35 0Poland 6,033 6,093 Tons 990 13 8 46 0Czech Republic 5,931 8,826 Tons 672 -15 -16 30 0Hungary 5,404 5,397 Tons 1,001 -11 -5 76 0Luxembourg 5,011 5,362 Tons 935 -2 3 -7 0Belarus 4,699 6,562 Tons 716 42 55 159 0Mexico 4,665 47,900 Tons 97 4 108 -24 0Hong Kong (SARC) 3,919 5,822 Tons 673 -5 -1 -6 0Ukraine 3,797 411 Tons 9,238 166 0

New Zealand 3,697 5,542Cubic

meters 667 44 73 0Croatia 3,633 3,437 Tons 1,057 -17 -12 10 0Singapore 3,631 5,942 Tons 611 -3 4 -14 0West Asia not elsewhere specified 3,389 4,562 Tons 743 0Slovakia 3,329 5,763 Tons 578 -24 -19 107 0Guatemala 3,128 2,486 Tons 1,258 4 14 21 0Honduras 3,089 2,595 Tons 1,190 29 40 67 0Oman 2,736 2,764 Tons 990 126 0Qatar 2,556 3,509 Tons 728 23 0Romania 2,087 2,657 Tons 785 21 17 92 0Philippines 2,002 2,981 Tons 672 -2 0



Main competitor countries on the world market Kazakhstan ranks 2nd in the Russian market, accounting for 8% of the country’s total imports of these products, after the Ukraine, which represents remaining 90%. Kazakhstan’s unit value of preserved fruits and nuts in Russia, of US$ 211 per ton, compared with US$ 228 per ton for the Ukraine. Potential new markets The Russian Federation ranks 18th in world imports of preserved fruits and nuts. The world’s largest importers are Japan and the United Kingdom and both their imports markets are declining. However, smaller importers, Yemen, Portugal, Germany, Kuwait and Austria are showing strong growth. Table 15. The world’s main importers of preserved fruits and nuts (HS081290) in 2002


Importers


thousand


Unit value (US$ per

unit)


02,%


98-02,%


02,%Share in world

imports%World estimation 119,365 139,691 854 -10 5 -2 100Japan 53,289 44,823 1,189 -17 0 -20 44United Kingdom 16,614 18,216 912 -1 -1 5 13United Arab Emirates 5,842 8,936 654 -6 -3 35 4Yemen 5,402 14,001 386 58 69 43 4Canada 3,839 3,662 1,048 -4 -1 34 3Portugal 3,811 2,868 1,329 7 10 48 3Germany 3,444 3,750 918 2 2 15 2Kuwait 3,401 5,502 618 5 11 3 2Austria 2,064 2,470 836 11 2 -3 1United States of America 2,020 1,303 1,550 -11 -19 -25 1Spain 1,781 2,668 668 42 85 31 1Lebanon 1,616 2,976 543 14 21 48 1France 1,596 1,905 838 36 53 124 1Italy 1,458 1,488 980 16 34 -9 1Singapore 928 463 2,004 22 19 230 0Mexico 901 875 1,030 127 128 44950 0Nepal 898 1,465 613 71 87 64 0Russian Federation 803 3,519 228 -5 26 61 0

Moldova, Rep.of 784 4,273 183 0Belgium 614 568 1,081 -33 -33 29 0Ireland 566 557 1,016 9 14 17 0Egypt 540 931 580 41 65 148 0Netherlands 489 401 1,219 -15 -18 -55 0Bangladesh 488 842 580 -1 6 154 0Denmark 464 347 1,337 10 6 5 0China 455 627 726 113 67 -9 0Australia 431 355 1,214 -40 122 0Norway 385 424 908 2 6 22 0Hong Kong (SARC) 384 655 586 -8 3 252 0Bahrain 325 491 662 9 11 127 0Switzerland 263 236 1,114 -5 -3 92 0Slovakia 262 842 311 25 67 134 0South Africa 210 178 1,180 -1 0Swaziland 210 11 19,091 1213 0Romania 185 330 561 39 83 9150 0Oman 180 195 923 1700 0Saudi Arabia 176 253 696 45 34 -39 0

Taiwan, Province of (China) 173 211 820 5 -4 319 0Croatia 165 368 448 -43 -21 -35 0



Provisionally preserved vegetables (HS071190) Kazakhstan’s performance in the world market Ranked 51st in the world, Kazakhstan’s exports of provisionally preserved vegetables reached 20 tons in 2002, worth US$ 66,000. World imports declined by 3% on average per year in value between 1998 and 2002. In 2002, Kazakhstan exported provisionally prepared vegetables to Germany (see table16). Table 16. Kazakhstan’s exports of provisionally prepared vegetables (HS071190) in 2002

Source: ITC TradeMap Main competitor countries on the world market Kazakhstan ranks 22nd in the German market where the unit value of, US$ 3,300 per ton, is one of the highest amongst suppliers to Germany. Potential new markets Germany ranks 3rd in world imports of provisionally prepared vegetables. Other large importers are Japan, Italy, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. Table 17. The world’s main importers of vegetables (HS071190) in 2002

Importers

Exported value

2002 in US$

thousand


exports, %

Exported quantity

2002 (tons)

Unit value (US$ per

unit)





Export growth in


Ranking of partner

countries in world

imports

Share of partner


%



Total 66 100 20 3,300 144 -3

Germany 66 100 20 3,300 144 3 8 -8

Importers


thousand


Unit value (US$ per

unit)


02,%


98-02,%


02,%Share in world

imports%World estimation 252,649 292,177 865 -3 0 1 100Japan 102,143 131,713 775 -6 -3 -7 40Italy 37,022 19,411 1,907 4 6 -3 14Germany 21,798 19,566 1,114 -8 -2 10 8United Kingdom 11,001 14,230 773 42 29 123 4Netherlands 10,379 8,783 1,182 4 -1 -1 4United States of America 8,599 9,825 875 -4 -5 -12 3France 7,230 6,231 1,160 -2 7 -6 2Spain 6,036 8,305 727 11 21 -35 2

Taiwan, Province of (China) 5,269 9,446 558 12 18 33 2Korea, Rep. of Korea 4,786 10,493 456 1 10 -1 1Switzerland 3,730 2,226 1,676 -3 -2 -2 1Ireland 3,632 3,879 936 38 49 10 1Thailand 2,808 2,639 1,064 5 7 114 1Belgium 2,414 3,369 717 16 46 77 0Singapore 2,373 4,697 505 -9 -8 -3 0Malaysia 2,293 6,016 381 -12 -5 -19 0Australia 1,416 1,839 770 22 31 402 0Canada 1,334 2,103 634 -20 -12 11 0El Salvador 1,232 4,333 284 154 310 6744 0China 1,172 1,704 688 38 36 55 0



Source: ITC TradeMap Dried onions (HS071220) Kazakhstan’s performance in the world market Ranked 53rd in the world, Kazakhstan exported 45 tons of dried onions to Germany in 2002, worth US$ 60,000. In 2002, Kazakhstan exported dried onions only to Germany (see table 18). Table 18. Kazakhstan’s exports of dried onions (HS071220) in 2002

Source: ITC TradeMap Main competitor countries on the world market Kazakhstan ranks 18th in the German market. Its unit value for dried onions in Germany, of US$ 2,167 per ton, is higher than the average price of Germany’s imports of this product (US$ 1,921). Potential new markets Germany is the world’s largest importer of dried onions. Other significant importers are the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Japan and Canada. With the exception of Germany and Canada, all have declining markets. However, among smaller importers Indonesia, the United States, Malaysia, Thailand, the Côté d’Ivoire, Chile and China have shown strong import growth.

Importers

Exported value

2002 in US$

thousand


exports, %

Exported quantity

2002 (tons)

Unit value (US$ per

unit)





Export growth in


Ranking of partner

countries in world

imports

Share of partner


%



Total 60 100 45 1,333 329 0

Germany 52 87 24 2,167 373 1 21 1

Importers


thousand


Unit value (US$ per

unit)


02,%


98-02,%


02,%Share in world

imports%Austria 995 527 1,888 -6 -5 105 0Brazil 905 1,220 742 -18 2 44 0Denmark 847 981 863 9 21 55 0Mexico 833 1,263 660 3 14 62 0Poland 802 1,075 746 6 23 11 0Lithuania 752 555 1,355 -11 -10 -38 0Czech Republic 744 1,625 458 -29 -16 3 0Finland 721 575 1,254 13 14 4 0Portugal 650 942 690 58 86 110 0Greece 558 707 789 13 22 89 0Sweden 510 331 1,541 -19 -6 84 0Belarus 465 626 743 65 69 -68 0Bulgaria 391 501 780 71 87 96 0Syrian Arab Republic 354 366 967 0Guatemala 350 215 1,628 6 -3 -23 0Romania 345 774 446 41 36 311 0New Zealand 337 798 422 123 220 108 0Maldives 334 443 754 -5 -8 -19 0Slovenia 322 476 676 -23 -12 22 0



Table 19. The world’s main importers of dried onions (HS071220) in 2002

Source: ITC TradeMap Gherkins, prepared or preserved (HS200110) Kazakhstan’s performance in the world market Ranked 22nd in the world, Kazakhstan exported 199 tons of gherkins to the Russian Federation in 2002, worth US$ 50, 000. Exports of gherkins increased by 1% on average per year in value and by 17% on average per year in quantity between 1998 and 2002. In 2002, Kazakhstan exported gherkins only to the Russian Federation (see table 20).

Importers


thousand


Unit value (US$ per

unit)


02,%


98-02,%


02,%Share in world

imports%World estimation 184,647 132,903 1,389 0 8 10 100Germany 39,089 20,347 1,921 1 7 16 21United Kingdom 18,350 9,429 1,946 -5 -1 -6 9Netherlands 14,147 8,659 1,634 -2 3 13 7Japan 13,766 5,023 2,741 -3 -2 -1 7Canada 12,616 5,835 2,162 1 0 1 6Australia 5,910 2,815 2,099 3 4 8 3France 4,848 3,133 1,547 2 17 33 2Brazil 4,366 2,119 2,060 -1 4 -2 2Belgium 4,164 3,915 1,064 4 5 6 2Poland 3,910 2,516 1,554 1 5 54 2Sweden 3,902 1,527 2,555 -6 -5 -4 2Indonesia 3,634 1,836 1,979 23 9 -14 1Denmark 3,164 1,449 2,184 13 12 53 1Switzerland 3,032 1,199 2,529 -2 1 0 1Austria 2,735 1,155 2,368 3 6 16 1United States of America 2,635 2,155 1,223 24 62 108 1Malaysia 2,631 9,378 281 30 58 48 1Ireland 2,292 1,126 2,036 5 12 -10 1Italy 2,198 1,603 1,371 -8 -2 18 1Philippines 2,139 1,275 1,678 6 1Israel 1,896 0 0 -6 1New Zealand 1,881 774 2,430 10 5 7 1Finland 1,860 815 2,282 -4 0 -4 1Russian Federation 1,811 3,608 502 -12 19 40 0Spain 1,698 1,481 1,147 -6 3 44 0Norway 1,670 617 2,707 1 1 14 0Mexico 1,508 18,131 83 19 151 27 0Czech Republic 1,431 630 2,271 -2 1 14 0Croatia 1,427 883 1,616 -16 -5 39 0Singapore 1,325 685 1,934 5 -12 3 0Colombia 1,184 661 1,791 0 13 15 0Thailand 993 362 2,743 53 36 82 0Côte d'Ivoire 985 366 2,691 33 32 -9 0Korea, Rep. of Korea 981 854 1,149 0 6 123 0Chile 951 0 26 50 0South Africa 902 591 1,526 -10 0China 878 576 1,524 21 48 105 0Greece 862 2,223 388 8 58 22 0

Taiwan, Province of (China) 701 366 1,915 91 103 0 0



Table 20. Kazakhstan’s exports of gherkins (HS200110) in 2002

Source: ITC TradeMap Main competitor countries on the world market Kazakhstan ranks 17th in the Russian market. Exports of gherkins to Russia increased by 1% on average per year in value and by 17% on average per year in quantity between 1998 and 2002. Russian imports of gherkins increased in value by 11% on average per year during this period Potential new markets The Russian Federation ranks 4th in world imports of gherkins. The world’s largest importers are Germany, France, and the United States. With the exception of France, these are all growing import markets. The highest unit values are paid in Ireland and Luxembourg, both countries have shown strong growth in the gherkin import market. Table 21. The world’s main importers of gherkins (HS200110) in 2002

Importers

Exported value

2002 in US$

thousand


exports, %

Exported quantity

2002 (tons)

Unit value (US$ per

unit)





Export growth in


Ranking of partner

countries in world

imports

Share of partner


%



Total 50 100 199 251 1 17 127 0 Russian Federation 50 100 199 251 1 17 127 4 9 11

Importers


thousand


Unit value (US$ per

unit)


02,%


98-02,%


02,%Share in world

imports%World estimation 234,341 373,394 628 0 8 8 100Germany 36,500 48,140 758 3 6 28 15France 34,867 33,918 1,028 -7 -1 3 14United States of America 24,301 25,172 965 5 0 -3 10Russian Federation 23,049 76,103 303 11 17 34 9Netherlands 10,712 12,427 862 -20 -14 -19 4United Kingdom 9,804 11,936 821 -8 -4 -6 4Ireland 9,309 6,335 1,469 117 133 62 3Belgium 8,526 11,744 726 -8 -9 -1 3Korea, Rep. of Korea 5,990 6,204 966 10 15 -7 2Canada 5,444 6,851 795 -11 -11 -17 2Spain 5,235 6,537 801 3 6 12 2Japan 5,207 4,845 1,075 4 4 -11 2Austria 4,489 6,360 706 0 -14 8 1Denmark 4,378 6,290 696 -1 10 -2 1Switzerland 3,774 3,129 1,206 9 12 21 1Sweden 3,690 4,104 899 6 7 17 1Australia 3,001 3,859 778 -5 3 50 1Italy 2,850 3,597 792 -3 7 39 1Croatia 2,676 3,295 812 18 31 78 1Kuwait 2,465 4,458 553 6 12 27 1Mexico 1,909 52,718 36 12 148 21 0Latvia 1,727 3,691 468 37 32 16 0Estonia 1,658 2,753 602 23 35 17 0United Arab Emirates 1,533 2,588 592 18 10 15 0Finland 1,498 1,372 1,092 34 42 39 0



Source: ITC TradeMap ‘Mixed vegetables not frozen’ (HS200590) Kazakhstan’s performance in the world market Ranked 94th in the world, Kazakhstan exported 89 tons of ‘mixed vegetables not frozen’ to the Russian Federation in 2002, worth US$ 46, 000. World imports increased by 3% on average per year in value between 1998 and 2002. In 2002 Kazakhstan exported ‘mixed vegetables not frozen’ to the Russian Federation (see table 22). Table 22. Kazakhstan’s exports of ‘mixed vegetables not frozen’ (HS200590) in 2002

Source: ITC TradeMap Main competitor countries on the world market Kazakhstan ranks 14th in the Russian market, accounting for 1% of the country’s total imports of these products. Kazakhstan’s unit value for ‘mixed vegetables not frozen’ in Russia, of US$ 517 per ton, is higher than the average price of all suppliers to the Russian market (Italy, Spain, Uzbekistan and Yugoslavia). Potential new markets The Russian Federation ranks 22nd in world imports of ‘mixed vegetables not frozen’. The world’s largest importers are Japan, The United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Canada, Belgium and the Netherlands. With the exception of Germany, these are large and growing import markets. The Bahamas, Spain, Taiwan and the United Arab Emirates have shown the strongest growth in imports. The highest average value per unit was paid by Switzerland.

Importers

Exported value

2002 in US$

thousand


exports, %

Exported quantity

2002 (tons)

Unit value (US$ per

unit)





Export growth in


Ranking of partner

countries in world

imports

Share of partner


%



Total 46 100 89 517 -69 3 Russian Federation 46 100 89 517 -69 22 0 -15

Importers


thousand


Unit value (US$ per

unit)


02,%


98-02,%


02,%Share in world

imports%Czech Republic 1,439 3,274 440 33 36 6 0Israel 1,417 0 43 42 0New Zealand 1,179 1,296 910 -7 -13 5 0

Saudi Arabia 1,079 1,944 555 31 31 -16 0Hong Kong (SARC) 907 790 1,148 26 29 16 0Belarus 905 1,857 487 9 29 -13 0Greece 891 864 1,031 9 9 23 0Lithuania 885 1,474 600 -1 -2 -35 0Luxembourg 808 437 1,849 7 6 3 0Slovenia 747 1,082 690 13 14 8 0Poland 722 945 764 8 6 -25 0Slovakia 650 1,258 517 1 4 -43 0Romania 545 980 556 -18 -27 -11 0Portugal 539 579 931 7 16 18 0



Table 23. The world’s main importers of ‘mixed vegetables not frozen’ (HS200590) in 2002

Source: ITC TradeMap Dried, shelled beans (HS071339) Kazakhstan’s performance in the world market Ranked 56th in the world, Kazakhstan exported 57 tons of dried beans in 2002, worth US$ 36,000. World imports increased by 8% on average per year in value between 1998-2002. In 2002, Kazakhstan exported dried beans to Germany and Turkey (see table 24).

Importers


thousand


Unit value (US$ per

unit)


02,%


98-02,%


02,%Share in world

imports%World estimation 1,263,476 0 3 8 8 100Japan 287,308 230,651 1,246 7 8 3 22United States of America 204,074 188,383 1,083 1 6 7 16Germany 144,191 185,156 779 -2 0 8 11United Kingdom 83,497 68,608 1,217 5 24 24 6France 72,008 65,600 1,098 6 4 27 5Canada 62,705 70,499 889 5 6 -7 4Belgium 55,626 48,583 1,145 4 -3 17 4Netherlands 35,287 29,263 1,206 11 10 37 2Spain 27,343 22,309 1,226 17 17 28 2Italy 22,317 22,245 1,003 8 13 -2 1Oman 18,223 30,283 602 62 1Sweden 16,919 13,097 1,292 6 11 36 1Hong Kong (SARC) 13,975 21,670 645 0 2 -9 1Saudi Arabia 13,441 32,200 417 2 12 7 1Australia 12,423 10,915 1,138 -3 3 9 0Special categories 12,241 13,694 894 -26 -16 -16 0Switzerland 11,142 4,775 2,333 4 6 25 0Mexico 10,765 91,125 118 4 83 -7 0Austria 10,042 8,969 1,120 12 16 5 0Bahamas 9,728 7,955 1,223 60 53 71 0Denmark 8,816 5,350 1,648 -2 1 0 0Russian Federation 8,530 28,653 298 -15 -3 -4 0Greece 5,847 5,855 999 13 20 20 0Ireland 5,373 4,323 1,243 14 18 28 0Portugal 4,636 4,794 967 12 0 11 0Korea, Rep. of Korea 4,379 5,858 748 20 36 29 0Luxembourg 4,360 2,544 1,714 2 0 13 0Israel 3,813 0 2 0 0

Taiwan, Province of (China) 3,666 4,062 903 17 19 3 0United Arab Emirates 3,657 6,787 539 16 21 19 0Singapore 3,382 3,525 959 -5 -6 -12 0New Zealand 3,193 2,348 1,360 2 -6 3 0Czech Republic 3,184 5,884 541 6 2 58 0Malaysia 2,665 7,165 372 0 3 2 0Norway 2,507 1,943 1,290 1 3 -6 0Qatar 2,436 2,837 859 13 0Croatia 2,410 2,159 1,116 9 12 26 0Area Nes 2,346 1,411 1,663 9 -1 -48 0Finland 2,300 1,334 1,724 -11 -7 -7 0



Table 24. Kazakhstan’s exports of dried, shelled beans (HS071339) in 2002

Source: ITC TradeMap Main competitor countries on the world market Kazakhstan ranks 16th in the German market, accounting for 1% of the country’s total imports. Kazakhstan’s unit value for dried beans in Germany, of US$ 889 per ton, is higher than the average price amongst all the suppliers to the German market (Turkey, China, The United States, Spain, Peru, Thailand, Canada, Argentina, Chile and the Ukraine). Kazakhstan ranks 7th in the Turkish market, accounting for 1% of the country’s total imports after China, Iran, Canada, Argentina, Kyrgyzstan and Egypt. The unit value for dried beans in Turkey, of US$ 522 per ton, is higher than Iran but lower than the average price of all suppliers in the Turkish market (China, Canada, Kyrgyzstan, Argentina and Egypt). Potential new markets Germany and Turkey rank 26th and 25th respectively in world imports of dried beans. The world’s largest importers are the United States, India, Japan and Haiti. In India and the United States the markets are growing, however, in Japan and Haiti they are declining. The fastest growing market, by far, is in Ireland, followed by Guinea, Zambia and Columbia. Table 25. The world’s main importers of dried, shelled beans (HS071339) in 2002


Importers

Exported value

2002 in US$

thousand


exports, %

Exported quantity

2002 (tons)

Unit value (US$ per

unit)





Export growth in


Ranking of partner

countries in world

imports

Share of partner


%



Total 36 100 57 632 -29 8

Germany 16 44 18 889 26 0 6

Turkey 12 33 23 522 71 25 0 -5

Importers


thousand


Unit value (US$ per

unit)


02,%


98-02,%


02,%Share in world

imports%World estimation 282,642 588,442 480 8 11 16 100United States of America 64,815 111,713 580 45 46 41 22India 45,512 172,421 264 37 44 42 16Japan 18,344 32,533 564 -7 -4 -6 6Haiti 10,003 15,163 660 -2 -10 -15 3Mozambique 9,279 15,782 588 -1 3Canada 8,957 11,492 779 4 -4 25 3Zimbabwe 8,484 0 16535 3Algeria 8,381 17,701 473 22 26 -46 2France 7,787 11,389 684 2 4 -5 2Malaysia 7,626 19,393 393 6 6 -6 2Italy 7,363 12,904 571 38 57 102 2Dominican Republic 7,357 12,208 603 3 0 -15 2United Kingdom 6,890 9,714 709 -2 0 11 2Angola 6,728 14,630 460 45 50 11 2Greece 3,844 4,411 871 19 19 93 1Singapore 3,727 9,717 384 -28 -28 15 1South Africa 3,113 8,139 382 111 1Indonesia 3,110 11,115 280 10 4 72 1Spain 2,970 4,382 678 -22 -20 -51 1Zambia 2,778 703 3,952 76 32 8581 0Colombia 2,666 4,221 632 72 103 4661 0Sri Lanka 2,408 7,087 340 -10 0Malawi 2,129 3,466 614 1175 0Korea, Rep. of Korea 1,917 7,025 273 -7 -2 4 0



Dried apricots (HS081310) Kazakhstan’s performance in the world market Ranked 42nd in the world, Kazakhstan’s exports of dried apricots reached 57 tons in 2002, worth US$ 36, 000. Exports of dried apricots decreased by 34% on average per year in value and by 15% on average per year in quantity between 1998 and 2002. World imports decreased by 4% on average per year in value during this time In 2002, Kazakhstan exported dried apricots to China and the Russian Federation (see table 26). Table 26. Kazakhstan’s exports of dried apricots (HS081310) in 2002

Source: ITC TradeMap Main competitor countries on the world market Kazakhstan ranks 2nd in the Chinese market, accounting for 8% of the country’s total imports after Turkey. Kazakhstan’s unit value for dried apricots in China, of US$ 750 per ton, is the highest amongst all suppliers to China. Kazakhstan ranks 8th in the Russian market. Its export value decreased by 34% on average per year between 1998 and 2002. Russian imports of dried apricots increased by 13% on average per year during this period. Kazakhstan’s unit value for dried apricots in Russia, of US$ 545 per ton, is higher than the average price amongst all suppliers to the Russian market (Tajikistan, Iran and Turkey). Potential new markets China and the Russian Federation rank 46th and 5th in world imports of dried apricots. The world’s largest importers are the United States, the United Kingdom, France and Germany. The markets have been fluctuating in terms of import values, but in terms of quantity imports have increased. Strong growth, both in quality and quantity was shown in Slovakia, Finland, Greece and Mexico. After the Ukraine, average unit values are the highest in Switzerland.

Importers

Exported value

2002 in US$

thousand


exports, %

Exported quantity

2002 (tons)

Unit value (US$ per

unit)





Export growth in


Ranking of partner

countries in world

imports

Share of partner


%



Total 36 100 57 632 -34 -15 -51 -4

China 18 50 24 750 46 0 276 Russian Federation 18 50 33 545 -34 -15 -51 5 5 13



Table 27. The world’s main importers of dried apricots (HS081310) in 2002

Source: ITC TradeMap Dried mushrooms (HS071230) Kazakhstan’s performance in the world market Ranked 59th in the world, Kazakhstan’s exports of dried mushrooms reached 2 tons in 2002, worth US$ 34, 000. World imports declined by 5% on average per year in value between 1998 and 2002. In 2002, Kazakhstan exported dried mushrooms only to Germany (see table 28). Table 28. Kazakhstan’s exports of dried mushrooms (HS071230) in 2002


Importers

Exported value

2002 in US$

thousand


exports, %

Exported quantity

2002 (tons)

Unit value (US$ per

unit)





Export growth in


Ranking of partner

countries in world

imports

Share of partner


%



Total 34 100 2 17,000 -5

Germany 34 100 2 17,000 6 6 0

Importers


thousand


Unit value (US$ per

unit)


02,%


98-02,%


02,%Share in world

imports%World estimation 163,152 107,061 1,524 -4 14 21 100United States of America 31,414 16,951 1,853 -6 5 45 19United Kingdom 18,122 9,153 1,980 -8 4 18 11France 15,870 7,134 2,225 -4 7 66 9Germany 15,397 8,160 1,887 -5 6 44 9Russian Federation 9,371 26,937 348 13 50 -41 5Australia 8,818 5,677 1,553 -3 10 15 5Netherlands 4,994 2,512 1,988 -13 -4 29 3Switzerland 4,617 1,251 3,691 -6 -1 18 2Canada 4,138 2,287 1,809 -6 4 6 2Japan 3,759 1,037 3,625 -6 -1 -20 2Spain 3,180 1,424 2,233 -6 5 52 1New Zealand 3,101 1,546 2,006 -6 4 6 1Poland 2,833 1,474 1,922 11 14 99 1Italy 2,665 1,081 2,465 -11 -3 58 1India 2,559 1,951 1,312 3 10 20 1Belgium 2,327 1,163 2,001 -2 12 67 1Denmark 2,105 932 2,259 -3 5 39 1Greece 2,045 690 2,964 17 25 156 1Brazil 1,813 761 2,382 -11 -1 37 1Mexico 1,802 2,080 866 16 49 27 1Egypt 1,712 917 1,867 -9 4 47 1Czech Republic 1,643 1,079 1,523 5 26 70 1Sweden 1,546 755 2,048 -9 2 18 0Israel 1,404 0 -17 -44 0Slovakia 1,068 414 2,580 34 38 154 0Ukraine 1,065 249 4,277 -21 0Turkey 1,051 808 1,301 -9 4 -6 0Austria 1,049 364 2,882 -1 5 6 0Norway 983 419 2,346 -5 4 18 0Free Zones 905 395 2,291 20 27 -14 0Finland 827 303 2,729 -11 -3 42 0Iraq 744 952 782 29 29 -41 0Lithuania 728 829 878 11 53 18 0Latvia 595 588 1,012 -1 21 1 0Portugal 512 201 2,547 -6 0 85 0Slovenia 464 191 2,429 1 16 30 0United Arab Emirates 446 234 1,906 10 17 51 0Singapore 419 229 1,830 -10 0 -49 0Saudi Arabia 411 539 763 -9 5 49 0



Main competitor countries on the world market Kazakhstan ranks 23rd in the German market. Kazakhstan’s unit value for dried mushrooms of US$ 17,000 per ton higher than the average price amongst all suppliers in the German market (Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Taiwan, Russia, Italy and Hungary). Potential new markets Germany ranks 6th in world imports of dried mushrooms. The world’s largest importers are Japan, Hong Kong, Italy, France, the United States and Switzerland. These are large import markets, but values have been declining. Much smaller but strongly growing import markets are Thailand, Viet Nam, Turkey and Romania. Switzerland has by far the highest unit value per ton. Table 29. The world’s main importers of dried mushrooms (HS071230) in 2002


Importers


thousand


Unit value (US$ per

unit)


02,%


98-02,%


02,%Share in world

imports%

World estimation 309,623 0 -5 3 6 100Japan 86,665 11,356 7,632 -5 0 1 27Hong Kong (SARC) 41,677 9,316 4,474 -10 4 38 13Italy 35,062 2,343 14,965 -6 3 -12 11France 22,983 1,752 13,118 -6 -2 26 7United States of America 19,794 2,451 8,076 -2 3 28 6Germany 19,124 2,039 9,379 0 6 -14 6Switzerland 12,987 422 30,775 -9 -6 -7 4Singapore 10,623 1,906 5,573 -4 -3 28 3United Kingdom 6,902 1,070 6,450 -3 7 6 2Korea, Rep. of Korea 5,506 1,745 3,155 6 2 14 1Malaysia 5,161 3,940 1,310 -16 18 8 1Poland 4,770 510 9,353 -6 -7 -14 1Canada 4,712 948 4,970 3 -2 9 1Netherlands 4,318 426 10,136 4 2 27 1Thailand 4,115 895 4,598 26 18 42 1Spain 2,310 471 4,904 15 33 -10 0Australia 2,240 306 7,320 -2 -2 18 0Austria 2,132 116 18,379 -10 -45 23 0Belgium 1,822 461 3,952 15 75 16 0Norway 1,074 44 24,409 -2 -1 0 0Viet Nam 1,009 341 2,959 50 35 32 0

Taiwan, Province of (China) 958 354 2,706 0 14 10 0Israel 866 0 -7 11 0Turkey 774 403 1,921 12 53 18 0Yugoslavia 774 56 13,821 -3 5 -48 0Sweden 721 115 6,270 2 29 75 0Brazil 571 121 4,719 -16 4 -19 0Korea, Dem. People's Rep. of 556 137 4,058 41 47 -71 0Philippines 546 361 1,512 17 0Indonesia 542 453 1,196 16 -4 67 0

Romania 518 43 12,047 166 127 0Czech Republic 493 59 8,356 -2 0 29 0Denmark 491 99 4,960 -6 2 -13 0New Zealand 481 69 6,971 18 21 31 0Russian Federation 452 206 2,194 20 48 49 0Croatia 446 22 20,273 7 10 40 0Slovenia 384 24 16,000 -18 -15 -47 0Macau 334 186 1,796 1 10 28 0Slovakia 294 18 16,333 12 12 4 0



Preserved Vegetables, fruits and nuts (HS200190) Kazakhstan’s performance in the world market Ranked 85th in the world, Kazakhstan’s export of vegetables, fruits and nuts reached 100 tons in 2002, worth US$ 32, 000. Exports of these products expanded by 28% on average per year in value and by 40% on average per year in quantity between 1998 and 2002. World imports increased by 10% in value year-on-year during this period. In 2002, Kazakhstan exported vegetables, fruits and nuts to the Russian Federation (see table 30). Table 30. Kazakhstan’s exports of vegetables, fruit, nuts (HS200190) in 2002

Source: ITC TradeMap Main competitor countries on the world market Kazakhstan ranks 19th in the Russian market, it increased its market value in Russia at 28% on average per year between 1998 and 2002. Russian imports of these products decreased by 5% on average per year during this period. Kazakhstan’s unit value for vegetables, fruits and nuts in Russia, of US$ 320 per ton, is higher than the average price amongst all suppliers to the Russian market (Bulgaria, Hungary, Uzbekistan, Viet Nam, Armenia and Tajikistan). Potential new markets The Russian Federation ranks 14th in world imports of vegetables, fruits and nuts. The world’s largest importers are the United States, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, Canada, Saudi Arabia and France. The United Kingdom, together with Israel, Mexico, Ireland and Korea also belong to the fastest growing markets.

Importers

Exported value

2002 in US$

thousand


exports, %

Exported quantity

2002 (tons)

Unit value (US$ per

unit)





Export growth in


Ranking of partner

countries in world

imports

Share of partner


%



Total 32 100 100 320 28 40 -52 10 Russian Federation 32 100 100 320 28 40 -52 14 1 -5



Table 31. The world’s main importers of vegetables, fruit, nuts (HS200190) in 2002


Importers


thousand


Unit value (US$ per

unit)


02,%


98-02,%


02,%Share in world

imports%World estimation 589,617 0 10 12 13 100United States of America 180,045 170,293 1,057 12 10 10 30Germany 83,158 92,533 899 11 14 27 14Japan 32,806 27,015 1,214 14 14 11 5United Kingdom 29,216 25,015 1,168 18 25 6 4Canada 24,996 25,989 962 12 11 55 4Saudi Arabia 21,142 25,877 817 9 14 5 3France 20,839 13,906 1,499 4 1 25 3Italy 17,872 15,486 1,154 11 14 -16 3Netherlands 16,961 16,663 1,018 11 13 27 2Belgium 15,715 17,586 894 7 14 10 2Switzerland 12,323 5,618 2,193 -1 6 16 2Austria 11,027 8,832 1,249 10 14 4 1Sweden 9,401 7,052 1,333 5 5 19 1Russian Federation 8,114 23,736 342 -5 2 3 1Denmark 7,981 9,187 869 3 12 11 1Spain 7,657 8,001 957 9 19 4 1Australia 7,589 4,201 1,806 7 11 28 1Korea, Rep. of Korea 5,769 8,971 643 28 25 8 0Ireland 5,311 3,667 1,448 21 23 13 0Hong Kong (SARC) 4,905 2,697 1,819 0 -5 -20 0Singapore 3,612 2,445 1,477 -3 -1 4 0Poland 3,373 4,814 701 -6 -1 -9 0Portugal 3,231 2,291 1,410 5 8 26 0Czech Republic 3,204 5,112 627 7 9 53 0Norway 3,054 1,337 2,284 -9 -11 -27 0Israel 2,933 0 35 125 0Mexico 2,370 21,870 108 29 139 40 0United Arab Emirates 2,343 2,318 1,011 -1 2 -7 0Finland 2,229 1,570 1,420 12 10 51 0Bermuda 1,943 1,970 986 0 3 513 0Greece 1,929 1,541 1,252 1 5 9 0New Zealand 1,878 1,223 1,536 7 4 64 0Slovakia 1,856 2,689 690 -1 1 12 0Croatia 1,741 1,845 944 7 15 82 0Costa Rica 1,687 1,082 1,559 4 6 17 0Kuwait 1,634 1,194 1,369 -1 2 103 0Brazil 1,605 1,236 1,299 0 6 7 0Slovenia 1,429 1,334 1,071 23 20 57 0Qatar 1,223 1,467 834 10 0



C. Further market opportunities for fruits and vegetables While this report focused mainly on processed fruit and vegetables as food products, there are additional market opportunities for fruit and vegetable products. Increased demand for food ingredients in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, as well as natural food additives, provides for growing niche markets, in which Kazakh products seem to participate. Below are brief descriptions of export opportunities in these markets, given the range of fruit and vegetable products grown in Kazakhstan.

Cosmetics There are no exact figures about the volume of fruit and vegetable products used by the cosmetic industry. But demand for natural ingredients is growing, as consumers have become more sophisticated and interested in natural products. Mass producers as well as up-market brands shift their production increasingly to the use of natural ingredients. The EU is the world’s largest producer of cosmetic products, followed by the United States and Japan. Products included in that category are raw plant material (HS 12), vegetable saps and extracts (HS 13), vegetable (and animal) derived oils, fats and waxes (HS 15), essential oil and oleoresins (HS 3301), colouring matter of vegetable or animal origin (HS 3203). Some examples of ingredients based on fruit and vegetables grown in Kazakhstan are:

• Almond oil/ almond butter are products widely used in natural cosmetics, soap- making and perfumes. They are derived from almond kernels and serve as an odourless base.

• Apricot Kernel Oil can be used on its own or in massage products as well as for lip balms and cream.

• Oil derived from carrots or carrot seeds both serve for regeneration and nutrition of the skin.

• Grape seed Oil is a very light and odourless oil, used widely in massage products, either alone or mixed with almond oil.

• Hazelnut oil is widely used for massage products, as well as for hair care and cream/lotion formulas.

• Honey has been used since Egyptian times as ingredient for medicines and cosmetic purposes.

• Walnut shells, ground into a fine powder, used in skin creams, sun products or hair colors.

Pharmaceuticals As for cosmetics, it is not possible to give exact figures for the use of food industry products in pharmaceuticals, because statistics do not specify medical and other uses individually. The EU is one of the world’s largest producers of natural pharmaceuticals. Natural pharmaceutical products consist of plants and parts of plants (including seeds) (HS 1211), medicinal and vegetable saps and extracts (HS 1302 1991), and vegetable alkaloids (HS 2939). A range of natural products used by the pharmaceutical industry, which have no medicinal activity; are mainly the same as the ones used for cosmetics (see above). In addition to that essential oils are widely used for medicines purposes, e.g. Lemon Essential Oil.



Food additives Food additives are substances added to foods to perform a specific function. These functions include preserving the food and changing the appearance or taste of the food (by adding colour or flavour). Natural additives are substances found naturally in a foodstuff and are extracted from this food to be used in another. E.g. Beetroot juice with its bright purple colour can be used to colour foods such as sweets. Walnut shells are used as flavour or colour for liquor production.

Summary As mentioned above, all of these are worldwide growing niche markets. As part of the demand on these markets consists of “rest products”, which develop in processing fruit and vegetables (dried apricots consumer / apricot kernel cosmetic industry), such export opportunities should be taken into consideration.



METHODOLOGY

Data source and nomenclatures

The analysis is based on the Harmonised System (HS) nomenclature of products, and is carried out at a six-digit level (approximately 5,100 categories of products are covered). The aggregate nature of the trade flow analysis can overstate the export potential, since products within the same six-digit level group might not be perfect substitutes. Calculations made at the product level are based on statistics extracted from the COMTRADE database of the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD). COMTRADE has detailed trade statistics at the product level. The results of the trade flow analysis are based on the most recent available data. The growth rates listed in the tables are calculated on an annual basis over the 1998-2002 period.

Interpretation and limitations Although trade statistics provide a useful starting point for market research and assessing trade performance, they present some limitations: • Trade statistics do not fully capture all the transactions taking place between countries, owing

to compilation errors and omissions, smuggling and the non-reporting of transactions. Different reporting standards amongst countries can exacerbate the problems of non-comparability of data between countries;

• Trade statistics occasionally include re-exports, which can artificially inflate the extent of

trade; • Even at the lowest level of desegregation, differentiated products exist within product groups; • With respect to this particular study, only Kyrgyzstan reported its 2002 trade data to UNSD.

Therefore, ITC used mirror statistics to evaluate the other countries’ trade flows. This method is a second-best solution since trade with other non-reporting countries is not recorded. There is also the problem of trans-shipments, which may mask the actual source of supply. Finally, mirror statistics invert the reporting standards by evaluating exports in c.i.f. terms and imports in f.o.b. terms;

• Trade statistics refer to the total value of transactions, which may be very different from local

value added; • Exchange rates fluctuations can affect the value of dollar denominated trade statistics, which

may not result from changes in volumes;



• Services are not included in the trade statistics used in this study. In view of the aforementioned shortcomings, trade statistics should not be used as the only source for evaluating regional trade potential. It should be emphasized that statistical trade data do not always capture supply and demand characteristics in the commercial sense. The outcome of a trade flow analysis as described in this working document therefore needs to be validated at company levels.

Definitions Descriptive statistical measures were used on production. The arithmetic mean is calculated as the sum of all observations divided by the total number of observations. It provides us with an indicator of what, on average, would be the value of production in the past. Formally:

XX

n

ii

n

= =∑

1

where X is the arithmetic mean, Xii

n

=∑

1 is the summation of all observations Xi and n is the sample

size. Growth rates have been calculated on the basis of average annual percentage changes. They are based on a model of continuous exponential growth between two points of time. Formally:

( )GXX

n

t

n t= −

×− 1 100

where G is the exponential growth rate between the first period point Xt and last period point Xn, to the root of the number of intervals between these two points. Value and quantity terms have been analyzed in order to ascertain a country’s trade opportunities. Comparisons between countries’ export unit prices have also been used. Unfavorable terms of trade might result from lower product quality, lower negotiating power, unfavorable market timing for launching a product or the accumulation of stocks. Caution should also be applied to statistics on quantities since these are more difficult to collect and are likely to suffer from higher statistical errors.

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