TRACKING SEA TURTLES IN THE BAHAMAS -...

TRACKING SEA TURTLES IN THE BAHAMAS

EARTHWATCH 2018 ISLAND SCHOOL

READ THIS EXPEDITION BRIEFING THOROUGHLY. It provides the most accurate information available at the time of your Earthwatch scientist’s project planning, and will likely answer any questions you have about the project. However, please also keep in mind that research requires improvisation, and you may need to be flexible. Research plans evolve in response to new findings, as well as to unpredictable factors such as weather, equipment failure, and travel challenges. To enjoy your expedition to the fullest, remember to expect the unexpected, be tolerant of repetitive tasks, and try to find humor in difficult situations. If there are any major changes in the research plan or field logistics, Earthwatch will make every effort to keep you well informed before you go into the field.

IMMEDIATELY• Make sure you understand and agree to

Earthwatch’s Terms and Conditions and the Participant Code of Conduct.

• If you plan to purchase additional travel insurance, note that some policies require purchase at the time your expedition is booked.

6 MONTHS PRIOR TO EXPEDITION• Log in at earthwatch.org to complete your

participant forms.• If traveling internationally, make sure your passport

is current and, if necessary, obtain a visa for your destination country.

• Bring your level of fitness up to the standards required (see the Project Conditions section).

90 DAYS PRIOR TO EXPEDITION• Pay any outstanding balance for your expedition.• Book travel arrangements (see the Travel Planning

section for details).• Make sure you have all the necessary vaccinations for

your project site.

60 DAYS PRIOR TO EXPEDITION• Review the packing list to make sure you have all the

clothing, personal supplies, and equipment needed.

30 DAYS PRIOR TO EXPEDITION• Leave the Earthwatch 24-hour helpline number with

a parent, relative, or friend.• Leave copies of your photo ID and flight reservation

number with a parent, relative, or friend.• Please print and bring a signed copy of the Cape

Eleuthera Institute Liability Release Form (see pg. 20; You will be required to print and bring a signed copy of this form with you on your team. This release will be collected by the project staff team when you arrive at the Rock Sound Airport.

PLANNING CHECKLIST

PLANNING CHECKLIST

https://earthwatch.org/terms-and-conditions

http://earthwatch.org/Terms-and-Conditions/Participant-Code-of-Conduct

http://earthwatch.org/

1TRACKING SEA TURTLES IN THE BAHAMAS—ISLAND SCHOOL 2018

TABLE OF CONTENTSNOTE FROM THE PI ........................................ 2

THE RESEARCH .............................................. 4

DAILY LIFE IN THE FIELD ............................... 7

ACCOMMODATIONS AND FOOD ...................... 8

PROJECT CONDITIONS ................................. 10

POTENTIAL HAZARDS ..................................11

HEALTH & SAFETY ....................................... 12

TRAVEL TIPS ................................................ 13

EXPEDITION PACKING CHECKLIST ............. 14

PROJECT STAFF ........................................... 15

RECOMMENDED READING ........................... 16

LITERATURE CITED ...................................... 17

CAPE ELEUTHERA INSTITUTE LIABILITY RELEASE FORM .......................... 18

EMERGENCY NUMBERS ............................... 22

NOTE FROM THE PIDEAR EARTHWATCHER

TRACKING SEA TURTLES IN THE BAHAMAS—ISLAND SCHOOL 20182

On behalf of all the scientists involved with this research, I want to welcome you and thank you for choosing to join our exciting project in The Bahamas! Through this project, you will get a chance not only to see beautiful sea turtles up close, but also to learn a great deal about their biology and ecology, and, of course, collect data that will directly contribute to our understanding of how we might best conserve them.

We anticipate that your time in The Bahamas will be a varied and productive period. We’ll begin by training you in the various field methodologies we use and on how to recognize the species we’ll be surveying. Following training, we’ll collect data by snorkeling in tidal mangrove creeks and by conducting video surveys, as well as tagging and releasing turtles—all in beautiful and unspoiled coastal habitats. Each day’s data will then be entered into the project database, eventually leading to a very comprehensive dataset that you will directly contribute to. The scientific team will then be able to analyze the data and make both scientific discoveries and management recommendations. The Cape Eleuthera Institute is also an exciting place where you can learn about other marine research and conservation issues directly from scientists and lives on a “green” campus.

Tropical fieldwork is hard work, with long days in the water, rain or shine, but very satisfying when you reflect on what has been achieved by you and the Earthwatch team. I look forward to working with you in The Bahamas!

Yours sincerely,Annabelle Brooks

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THE STORYThe green sea turtle and the more elusive hawksbill sea turtle are in trouble (Wallace et al. 2001, Hamann et al. 2010). Even though the Bahamian government has made it illegal to catch them in the country’s waters, to save these endangered species from further decline, researchers need to ensure their habitats are protected from coastal development.

In their juvenile years, sea turtles primarily feed on the seagrass found in shallow waters (Bjorndal & Bolten 2010). Although scientists know that these habitats are critical for young turtles, they don’t know exactly how and why turtles choose them and move between them. The seagrass beds, coral reefs, and mangrove creeks, where young turtles find food, vary in size, types of vegetation, presence of predators, and a host of other features. Presumably, turtles forage in habitats with the most optimal conditions.

So what are these optimal conditions? You’ll help answer this crucial question by monitoring the abundance of turtles in different areas and tracking the physical features of habitats that attract the most turtles. Additionally, you will also help determine predator abundance to assess predation risk in different areas. Your participation will help researchers and the government creates plans that will protect the right habitats from development.

THE RESEARCHTRACKING SEA TURTLES IN THE BAHAMAS



RESEARCH AIMSBy jumping in the water with these ancient creatures, you’ll contribute to a long-term understanding of where the sea turtles go, both as populations and as individuals. The research focuses on the following objectives:

• RECORDING SEA TURTLE ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION: Scientists know that shallow waters serve as important feeding grounds for juvenile hawksbill and green sea turtles. But the characteristics of foraging grounds can vary greatly. You’ll count the number of sea turtles present across multiple foraging sites, the idea being that the best foraging sites will abound with turtles.

• MAPPING HABITAT AND FOOD RESOURCE AVAILABILITY: To further investigate which factors influence where sea turtles choose to forage, you’ll help map food resources, such as seagrass and sponges, found in foraging sites. When compared with sea turtle numbers from the first objective, this information will help researchers understand how green sea turtles and hawksbills choose where to dine.

• ASSESSING PREDATION RISK: A suitable habitat is not just rich in food supplies; it’s also free from predators. Researchers hypothesize that areas crowded with predators have fewer sea turtles, and that, in turn, leads to less food resources consumed by them (Heithaus et al. 2007, Moran & Bjorndal 2005, Aragones et al. 2006). You’ll help our scientists determine the variety and number of predators in turtle-foraging sites, and supply them with data to test their hypothesis.

• LONG-TERM MONITORING: Turtles travel throughout their lifetime. By tagging and monitoring their movements, scientists can determine what (and where) turtles eat while they grow (Bjorndal & Bolten 2000, Kubis et al. 2009). Researchers keep this account by periodically recapturing tagged turtles to collect tissue samples for chemical analysis. The analysis reveals what the turtle’s diet consists of and that information is used to assess which foraging sites the animal has visited. You will help scientists capture, tag, and release tagged turtles to help them achieve their long-term monitoring objective.

• DETERMINING FINE-SCALE MOVEMENTS: This objective involves tracking individual sea turtles over the short term to understand their daily movements and activities. By using tags that transmit the turtle’s location, scientists can study the habits of individual turtles. As human activities increasingly shape their world, it’s vital to understand movement patterns and trends of individual turtles to help mitigate disruptions to their behavior.


HOW YOU WILL HELPYou’ll get to work on research tasks that support all of these objectives, both in and out of the water.

• HABITAT SURVEYS: You’ll snorkel through sites where turtles feed to collect seafloor habitat data (e.g., percentage cover of seagrass, algae, sand, etc.) and determine physical characteristics such as depth, temperature, dissolved oxygen content, and mangrove root density. You’ll also collect plant tissue samples for chemical analysis and use GPS to identify locations of various sea floor characteristics. If you don’t want to snorkel, you can still help out with boat-based tasks such as data recording, measuring water depth, and handling the GPS instrument. Note, boats often can’t reach these sites, so volunteers should be willing to snorkel/stand in water during this activity.

• TAGGING SEA TURTLES: You’ll have the chance to try two techniques for capturing and tagging turtles. The first involves setting up a long seine net at the mouth of a tidal creek. Some volunteers will walk the creek in formation—called a “scare line”—to move turtles toward the net. When a turtle is caught, you’ll help the scientists measure and weigh it, tag it, and finally release it back into the water (for your safety and the accuracy of the data, you’ll only observe and record—and not actively handle the turtle—as scientists take tissue samples and measure turtle length). The second technique gets you up close with turtles in the water. It’s also more strenuous, and is optional. From a boat driven by a project staff member, you’ll help look for sea turtles that surface from the water. When one is spotted, the boat will follow it until it tires out and slows down. Then, you or a teammate will enter the water and snorkel above the tired turtle until it comes up for air, at which point you’ll grab it under the two front flippers. The boat will pick up the swimmer and the turtle, and the team will take tissue samples and measure the turtle’s length and weight.

• CAPTURE-BASED SURVEYS: From a boat, you will help deploy baited survey lines to capture predators. You will help the research team safely handle any captured animals and gather data on their species and size as well as tissue samples.

• ACOUSTIC TELEMETRY: You’ll help deploy acoustic transmitter tags and acoustic hydrophones either from a boat or while snorkeling. And those who have experience skin diving (diving while holding one’s breath instead of with a breathing apparatus), or want to learn how, may also help collect the hydrophones from the seafloor in shallow parts of the ocean. The data from these units will help us understand individual sea turtle movements within their foraging grounds and their habitat preferences.

• DATA MANAGEMENT: You’ll also help with one of the pivotal steps in any scientific research: entering and analyzing data. In the evenings, or during unfavorable weather, you’ll transfer notes from the field into a database and help analyze BRUV videos.

As human development continues to shape the natural world that turtles thrive in, it’s critical to observe and understand their movements so that we can best protect the places they need most. Your participation in this expedition will provide a valuable contribution to this effort.

DAILY ACTIVITIESWeather and research needs can lead to changes in the daily schedule. We appreciate your cooperation and understanding.

You’ll work under the leadership of the Earthwatch scientists and other experienced staff members, who will oversee data collection during surveys. You’ll spend your days traveling to various field sites around South Eleuthera and conducting sea turtle and habitat surveys from boats and, optionally, from the water. In the evenings, you’ll assist with video analysis, shark species identification, and data entry. Most lunches will be in the field and a few will be at CEI, but all dinners will be held back on campus. Participants will have time to rest and freshen up before dinner. After evening meetings, you may have the opportunity to hear about other research at CEI from visiting or resident scientists. You could also choose to socialize with fellow teammates or retire early to reenergize for the next day.

Volunteers will have some time off to explore the surrounding local area, either by bike or on foot, as well as visit local settlements during the expedition. The team will have dinner at a local restaurant at least once. During the recreational day all participants will go by vehicle to various attractions along the island, including easily accessible caves, historical buildings, a nature preserve, and craft shops.

Smoking is not permitted anywhere on the Cape Eleuthera Institute campus. Alcohol consumption is only permitted in the evenings during recreational time or during group meals off campus.

ITINERARYDAY 1Arrival in the late afternoon, dinner and then campus and project orientation.DAYS 2Campus tour, introduction to training and swim test, species identification and methodologies training.DAYS 3–8Data collection, fieldwork in mangrove creeks including habitat surveys, tagging turtles, baited video surveys and data entry. During this time, participants will continually review training on species identification and survey methodologies. Earthwatch scientists will hold talks on other aspects of marine biology, or other visiting scientists at CEI may talk about their research. One full day or half-day will be reserved for recreational time to visit other parts of the island.DAY 9Team wrap-up and review of achievements, completion of outstanding data entry and departure.

DAILY SCHEDULE7:30 a.m. Morning meeting Breakfast8:15 a.m. Breakfast9.15 a.m. Head out for fieldwork12:30 p.m. Lunch in field1:30 p.m. Continue fieldwork4:00 p.m. Return from field and clean away gear5:00 p.m. Downtime6:00 p.m. Dinner7:15 p.m. Possible lectures, films, night hikes or downtime

DAILY LIFE IN THE FIELDPLANS FOR YOUR TEAM


SLEEPINGYou’ll stay at Cape Eleuthera Institute in single-sex, dormitory-style rooms, each housing up to eight people. Every room contains bunk beds and basic shelving, electric ceiling fans, lights, and 110-volt outlets (you are welcome to bring electronic equipment). Pillows will be provided, but you need to bring your own your bedding (sheets, blankets, pillow cases, or sleeping bags) and towels.

BATHROOMSEach room has a communal toilet and washing area and multiple showers are available on each dorm floor in a separate part of the building. Solar hot water heaters provide hot water, and we actively encourage water conservation.

ELECTRICITYAs mentioned above, each dormitory contains electric ceiling fans, lights, and 110-volt outlets. You are welcome to bring electronic equipment.

PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONSCEI has phone and fax facilities that may be used by volunteers by arrangement with CEI staff. Wireless Internet may be available (depending on group size), and those who don’t bring computers may be able to use one at the site. Mobile phone coverage varies in The Bahamas, but may be possible (while expensive) for some networks. You are free to bring your own cell phone.

Earthwatch encourages volunteers to minimize outgoing calls and immerse themselves in the experience; likewise, family and friends should restrict calls to urgent messages only. Emergency communications will be prioritized.

VOLUNTEER CONTACT INFOPHONE: +1 (242) 334-8552FAX: +1 (954) 337-3799WEBSITE: ceibahamas.orgEMAIL: [email protected]

ACCOMMODATIONS AND FOODABOUT YOUR HOME IN THE FIELD


http://www.ceibahamas.org/

mailto:trackingseaturtles%40gmail.com?subject=

FACILITIES AND AMENITIESThe Island School adjacent to CEI has a library, and is the location of the dining room that will be used for all meals.

The closest settlement is Deep Creek, which has a restaurant. A short van journey is required to reach Deep Creek. There is a marina within walking distance of CEI (one mile) where there is a shop with basic supplies, snacks, and drinks, although it’s not always open.

DISTANCE TO THE FIELD SITEThe field sites are close to CEI. It will typically take less than 45 minutes by boat or van to mangrove creek sites.

FOOD AND WATERMeals will be served buffet style in a central dining area, which is shared by all volunteers, staff, students, and researchers. Three meals a day will be prepared by local cooks. All guests help with basic kitchen cleaning duties on a rotating basis (once every few days). Snacks can be purchased from a store at the nearby marina.

The following are examples of foods you may find in the field. Variety depends on availability. We appreciate your flexibility.

TYPICAL MEALSBREAKFAST Cereal, yogurt, toast, bagels, eggs, grits,

seasonal fruits, fruit juice.LUNCH AND DINNER

A mix of traditional Caribbean food (e.g., rice and beans accompanying meat or poultry dishes), fresh salads, and American food (e.g., pasta, soup, hamburgers). Packed lunches are sandwiches, fruit, gorp, cassava chips.

DESSERT Please purchase snacks before the expedition. There’s a shop at the nearby marina for any midday candy, snack, or ice cream urges.

BEVERAGES Juice, water, tea, and coffee may be available during mealtimes.

WATER Always available from taps. Please bring refillable water bottles for personal use.

SPECIAL DIETARY REQUIREMENTSPlease alert Earthwatch to any special dietary requirements (e.g., diabetes, lactose intolerance, nut or other food allergies, vegetarian or vegan diets) as soon as possible, and note them in the space provided on your volunteer forms.


The information that follows is as accurate as possible, but please keep in mind that conditions may change.

The Bahamas has a tropical maritime climate, which makes for generally year-round good weather. There are two seasons: summer (May–October) and winter (November–April). In the summer, days tend to get hot and muggy, but in the winters days are somewhat more dry and cooler.

The hurricane season spans from the end of June through the end of November. Mosquitoes and sand flies are present on Eleuthera, so bring repellent or long clothes for protection.

GENERAL CONDITIONSHUMIDITY: Average 65% year roundSUMMER TEMPERATURE RANGE: 27°C (80°F) to 32°C (90°F)WINTER TEMPERATURE RANGE: 18°C (64°F) to 24°C (75°F)RAINFALL: Brief summer showers May–October

BOATING CONDITIONSWe’ll use a basic skiff without a canopy or head (bathroom). Bathroom breaks will be taken in the water. Water conditions should be relatively benign, since we work in sheltered and shallow sites. You must wear a life jacket on the boat.

WATER CONDITIONSTYPICAL WATER TEMPERATURE: 20°C (68°F) in winter, 24°C (75°F) in spring, 28°C (82°F) in summerTYPICAL WATER VISIBILITY: 10 m (33 ft.) to 25 m (82 ft.)TYPICAL MAX. WATER DEPTH IN AREA: 2 m (7 ft.) to 4 m (13 ft.)SITE DIVING TYPE: coastal tidal creeksANTICIPATED DEPTH OF SNORKELING: 1 m (3 ft.) to 4 m (13 ft.)ANTICIPATED NUMBER OF SNORKELS PER DAY: 0–2SNORKEL ACTIVITIES WILL BE INITIATED FROM: boatsTIMING OF SNORKELING ACTIVITIES: dayEGRESS INTO WATER: over edge of boat

ESSENTIAL ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS:All participants must be able to:

• Follow verbal and/or visual instructions independently or with the assistance of a companion.

• Wear all protective equipment recommended or required by industry standards.

• Learn to make and record observations of turtle species, behaviors, and habitats.

• Be comfortable snorkeling in open water (two to three hours a day) where they are unable to stand on the bottom, and be comfortable using snorkeling gear (mask, fins, snorkel).

• The ability to swim is important for safety reasons as a large portion of the project is conducted from a boat.

• Enter and exit the water from small boats, potentially without a ladder.

• Work on or from a boat for about three to six hours per day with limited break options (e.g., no bathroom on the boat, except for the ocean).

• Maintain a seated, upright position within boat during transit, which can sometimes be bumpy. This can be uncomfortable for individuals with back problems.

• Enjoy being outdoors all day in all types of weather.• Endure tropical (hot and humid) work conditions.

POTENTIAL HAZARDS

PROJECT CONDITIONSTHE FIELD ENVIRONMENT


POTENTIAL HAZARDSTRACKING SEA TURTLES IN THE BAHAMAS


HAZARD TYPE ASSOCIATED RISKS AND PRECAUTIONSTransportation Traffic accidents and injuries are always a hazard of road transport. Vans travel no faster than 45 mph on

public roads. Every passenger will have a seat and must wear seatbelts at all times. Volunteers will not drive; only CEI staff will operate vans and boats.

Terrain The project involves some walking on rough terrain; risks include sprains, strains, or breaks due to falling or missteps. It also involves crossing or walking along mangrove creeks, potentially with fast-moving water. Project staff will highlight risks on site and curtail activities they judge too risky.

Animals Mosquitoes and sand flies are present on Eleuthera, and repellent or long-sleeved shirts and pants can help protect from stings and bites. Fire coral, sea urchins, lionfish, jellyfish or jellies, and biting or territorial animals may be present in the water. All dangerous creatures will be introduced during the training period.

Climate/ Weather Hurricane season starts in June, but most hurricane activity occurs in late August and September. Should a hurricane watch be issued for the Bahamas, the expedition will end and team members will evacuate to Miami, Florida. Project staff will not wait for a hurricane warning to evacuate. Because of the difficulties associated with leaving an island after a storm, staff will take the most conservative approach to ensure that volunteers don’t experience undue stress or danger.Dehydration and sunburn are possible. You’ll be briefed on proper clothing, sunscreen use, and fluid intake. Project staff sets an example and monitor participants for symptoms of exposure or dehydration. Take particular care when working during the hottest periods of the day.Because of the high humidity, those who use a hearing aid may find that it doesn’t work properly and may wish to purchase a hearing aid dehumidifier.

Political, Social and Cultural

Project staff will advise you on local culture. They will also enforce appropriate clothing and footwear for particular situations, e.g., in settlements.

Project Tasks/ Equipment

Staff will warn you about correct lifting techniques for heavy equipment.

Working on a Boat Boats will have appropriate safety equipment, including a personal flotation device (PFD) for each passenger. You must wear PFDs while boats are moving. Staff will brief the team on boating risks and precautions. You will be warned about wet deck surfaces and the risk of sprains, strains, or breaks from falling on the boat.

Personal Security Robbery is a risk outside of the project site, for example, in Nassau before and after the expedition. Take taxis instead of walking and always be aware of your surroundings.

Swimming Swimming is central to the research you’ll conduct and, possibly, during recreational time. Typical water-related risks are present. A certified lifeguard will not be available at all times, but all staff members have boat and dive safety training. Volunteers may not swim alone.

Snorkeling Snorkeling has inherent risks, e.g., the effects of environmental conditions like nitrogen (for those who’ve recently scuba dived), barotrauma, boat traffic, marine life, and risks specific to one’s own physical history. When snorkeling, properly control your breathing to reduce the risk of hyperventilation and blackout. You must bring and maintain your own mask, snorkel, fins, booties, and exposure protection. Snorkel vests can be provided for those who prefer them or are required to use them. You must ensure that all gear is in good working order and that you are trained in appropriate responses if a failure occurs while in the water. Optional night snorkeling may happen, only under the direct supervision of staff.We will do a swim assessment at beginning of each team and assign tasks accordingly. The Earthwatch scientist or support staff will be present in the water at all times with you. The buddy system is always used. Swimming and snorkeling will only happen in calm seas. No one goes in—staff or volunteers—when an Earthwatch scientist determines that conditions are unsafe.

Distance from Medical Care

The nearest medical clinic is a 40-minute drive from the field station. Air evacuation is required to reach the nearest fully equipped hospital, in Nassau, and it can take up to four hours to arrange transport and reach the hospital. If you have a chronic condition—which could require immediate medical care (e.g., heart conditions, kidney problems, severe asthma), please discuss your participation with your physician.

Disease Traveler’s diarrhea affects many international travelers.Diseases found in the Bahamas may include malaria, dengue fever, leptospirosis, and histoplasmosis. Please see the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (cdc.gov) or the World Health Organization (who.int/) websites for more information on these conditions and how to avoid them.Zika, a mosquito borne disease, is now present in the Bahamas. In addition to wearing long-sleeved shirts and pants, Earthwatch suggests bringing a mosquito net for additional protection to cover your bed at night. Permethrin is also recommendedYou can decrease your risk of most diseases above by avoiding mosquito bites, practicing good hygiene, and drinking only bottled or filtered water when appropriate.If you feel ill once you return from your trip, make sure you inform your doctor that you have recently returned from a tropical region.

HEALTH & SAFETYTRACKING SEA TURTLES IN THE BAHAMAS


EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONSCEI has email, phone, and fax capabilities that are available to project staff and volunteers. Mail is slow to arrive at Eleuthera, but is sent out several times per month. CEI has standard protocols for emergencies (medical, approaching hurricane, etc.).

The project will use CEI communication equipment where appropriate (e.g., VHF radios on boats). Mobile phones also work on much of the island.

PHYSICIAN, NURSE, OR EMT ON STAFF: Project staff members are not medical professionals. However, CEI has a resident medical and risk management director and wilderness emergency medical technician. The campus also has an on-site medical room stocked with non-prescription medication and medical equipment for minor ailments, wounds, or injuries.

STAFF CERTIFIED IN SAFETY TRAINING:CPR: Annabelle Brooks, Meagan GaryFIRST AID: Annabelle Brooks, Meagan GaryWILDERNESS FIRST RESPONDER: Annabelle Brooks, Meagan GaryWATER SAFETY: Annabelle Brooks, Meagan Gary (boat driving and seamanship certification, scuba instructor, rescue diving)

NEAREST MEDICAL CARE(40 MINUTES BY LAND)Rock Sound ClinicRock SoundPHONE: +1 (242) 334-2226DIRECT TO DOCTOR: +1 (242) 334-2115

For emergency assistance in the field, please contact Earthwatch’s 24-hour emergency hotline number on the last page of this briefing. Earthwatch is available to assist you 24 hours a day, 7 days a week; someone is always on call to respond to messages that come into our live answering service.

IMMUNIZATIONS & TRAVEL VACCINATIONSPlease be sure your routine immunizations are up-to-date (for example: diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio, measles, mumps, rubella and varicella) and you have the appropriate vaccinations for your travel destination. Medical decisions are the responsibility of each volunteer and his or her doctor, and the following are recommendations only. Visit cdc.gov or who.int for guidance on immunizations.

If traveling from countries or region where yellow fever is endemic, you must have a certificate of vaccination.

https://www.cdc.gov/

http://www.who.int/en/




YOUR DESTINATIONLANGUAGE: English

TIME ZONE: GMT/UTC -5 (U.S. Eastern Standard Time).

CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS: The Bahamas are culturally similar to conservative areas of the U.S. Please dress accordingly: e.g., no swimsuits in the dining area, no sleeveless shirts on men.

ELECTRICITY: The U.S. standard voltage used for small appliances, hair dryers, electronic equipment, etc. is 120 volts, 60Hz, supplied through type A or B sockets.

TELEPHONE DIALING CODES: The Bahamas is part of the North American Numbering Plan, so has the same dialing codes as the United States and Canada. When calling The Bahamas from another country, dial the country’s international dialing code, followed by (1) and the number. When calling within The Bahamas, omit the (1) and dial the number. When calling another country from The Bahamas, dial (011), followed by the other country’s country code and the number. Check with your cell phone provider to obtain any carrier-specific dialing codes you may need; many providers have dialing procedures that may differ in whole or in part from these directions.

LOCAL CURRENCY: The US Dollar (USD) is legal tender in The Bahamas.

PERSONAL FUNDS: Please bring all the funds you need in cash—Eleuthera has few ATMs. Less than $200 should be required to cover any snacks and drinks.

COUNTRY AND PROJECT ENTRY REQUIREMENTSEntry visa requirements differ by country of origin, layover, and destination, and do change unexpectedly. For this reason, please confirm your visa requirements at the time of booking and, again, 90 days prior to travel. Please apply early for your visa (we recommend starting 6 months prior to the start of your expedition). Refunds will not be made for volunteers cancelling due to not obtaining their visa in time to meet the team at the rendezvous. You can find up to date visa requirements via one of the following sites:

www.passportsandvisas.comwww.travisa.com

If a visa is required, participants should apply for a TOURIST visa. Please note that obtaining a visa can take weeks or even months. We strongly recommend using a visa agency, which can both expedite and simplify the process.

Generally, passports must be valid for at least six months from the date of entry and a return ticket is required.

CONTACT INFORMATIONYou may be required to list the following contact information on your visa application and immigration form, or if your luggage does not make it to baggage claim at your destination:

Cape Eleuthera InstitutePO Box EL-26029Rock SoundEleuthera, The Bahamas+1 (242) 334-8552

LOST AND DELAYED LUGGAGE: If your luggage goes astray, please instruct the airline to deliver your bags to Rock Sound Airport and to alert you of the delivery at Cape Eleuthera Institute, +1 (242) 334-8552. CEI staff will arrange for pick-up from the airport as soon as possible.

TRANSFERRING LUGGAGE: If you will be taking an international flight that has one or more connections within the country of your destination, you must collect any checked bags at the airport where you first arrive in the destination country. After proceeding through customs, you will have to recheck your luggage before flying to your final destination.

TRAVEL TIPSSUGGESTIONS FOR THE ROAD

https://www.passportsandvisas.com/

https://www.travisa.com/


EXPEDITION PACKING LISTWHAT TO BRING

GENERALq This expedition briefingq Your travel plans, rendezvous details, and Earthwatch’s

emergency contact informationq Photocopies of your passport, flight itinerary, and credit

cards in case the originals are lost or stolen; the copies should be packed separately from the original documents

q Passport and/or visa (if necessary)q Certification of vaccination (if necessary)q Documentation for travel by minors (if necessary)

CLOTHING/FOOTWEAR FOR FIELDWORKAll Teams:q Lightweight, quick-drying, long-sleeved shirts to keep

bugs and sun offq Quick-drying long pants or swim tights/leggings for boat workq Wide-brimmed sun hatq Sunglasses (polarized preferable)q Rash guardq Athletic-style swimsuit (string bikinis can be worn during

free time but must be covered with rash guard/t-shirt when on the waterfront)

q Swim leggings to limit sun exposure on boatsq Hard-soled sandals or shoes that can be worn in the

water (for walking in rocky and muddy tidal creeks)q Beach shoes, like flip flopsq Rain jacket

CLOTHING/FOOTWEAR FOR LEISUREq At least one set of clothing to keep clean for end of expedition

FIELD SUPPLIESq Small daypackq Two one-liter water bottlesq High-SPF sunscreenq Insect repellent spray (baby oil or Skin-So-Soft works

well for no-see-um and sandflies)q Mask, snorkel fins that don’t require booties, snorkel

*NOTE: If you don’t own snorkel gear, you can borrow these items on site.

q Pen or pencil and notepad

BEDDING AND BATHINGq Mosquito net (optional) that can be hung above a bedq NOTE: Pillows are provided by the accommodations.q Twin bottom and top sheetq Pillow caseq Two towels (one for the field and one for showering)

PERSONAL SUPPLIESq Personal toiletries (biodegradable soaps and shampoos

are encouraged)q Antibacterial wipes or lotion (good for cleaning hands

while in the field)q Personal first aid kit (e.g., anti-diarrhea pills, antibiotics,

antiseptic, itch-relief, pain reliever, bandages, blister covers, etc.) and medications

q Baby powder (recommended by field staff to relieve chafing in the hot, humid environment)

q Small Bottle of Aloe Vera or equivalent skin calming cream (good for bug bites and sunburn)

q Spending moneyq Headlamp with extra batteries and extra bulb

OPTIONAL ITEMSq Flip flops or sandals for the showerq Camera, film or memory card(s), extra camera batteryq Hardware for sharing digital photographs at the end of

the expeditionq Dry bag or plastic sealable bags (e.g. Ziploc) to protect equipment like cameras from dust, humidity, and waterq Books, games, art supplies, etc. for free timeq Earplugs for light sleepersq Comfortable shoes to change into after conducting field workq Travel guideq Blanket or sleeping bag

NOTE: Do not bring more luggage than you can carry and handle on your own. If traveling by air and checking your luggage, we advise you to pack an extra set of field clothing and personal essentials in your carry-on bag in case your luggage is lost or delayed.

EXPEDITION PACKING CHECKLIST

NOTE: The specific staff scheduled to run your team is subject to change.

ANNABELLE BROOKS has over fifteen years of marine ecology experience conducted in The Bahamas and in the Indian Ocean, and has researched sea turtles for the last six years. Following deployment as a fisheries observer in the north Atlantic, she completed her Masters degree in Marine and Fisheries Science at the University of Aberdeen (UK), and her thesis focused on coral reef fish ecology in The Bahamas. Based on Eleuthera since 2007, Annabelle was the Director of the Cape Eleuthera Institute, whose research programs include studies on invasive lionfish, sharks, sea turtles, sustainable fisheries, and coral reef ecology, so she has vast knowledge of the project site and great experience working with students from both the United States and The Bahamas. She is currently completing her PhD through the University of Exeter, UK. Schedule: all teams.

DR. KAREN BJORNDAL is a distinguished professor in the department of biology and director of the Archie Carr Center for Sea Turtle Research at the University of Florida. She has two research fields: nutritional ecology with an emphasis on vertebrate herbivores and the biology of sea turtles. Her sea turtle research interests are very broad, but studies are integrated into two themes: the past and present roles of sea turtles in marine ecosystems and connectivity of sea turtle populations in the Atlantic. She is particularly interested in studies of foraging ecology, growth, and demography. Schedule: To be Determined.

MEAGAN GARY is a Senior Research Assistant for the Cape Eleuthera Institute. She recently completed her master’s degree in biology at Florida Atlantic University focusing on sea turtle home range and habitat use in Eleuthera. Before her masters, she assisted with various research projects around the world including studying shark populations in The Bahamas, dolphin behavior and bioacoustics in Namibia, and shark bycatch in Ecuador. Meagan has been coming to CEI since 2010 and has significant experience working with students and conducting fieldwork. Schedule: all teams.

DR. ALAN BOLTEN is a member of the graduate faculty in the Department of Biology and associate director of the Archie Carr Center for Sea Turtle Research at the University of Florida. His research focuses on the biology of the juvenile oceanic stages of sea turtles, on their migratory patterns and demography, and on the role sea turtles play in marine ecosystems. Schedule: To be Determined.

PROJECT STAFFYOUR RESOURCES IN THE FIELD


RECOMMENDED READINGYOUR RESOURCES AT HOME


ARTICLES• Hammann, M. et al. 2010. Global research priorities for

sea turtles: informing management and conservation in the 21st century. EndangSpecRes 11:245-269 seaturtle.org/library/?v=4924

• Heithaus MR, Alcoverro T, Arthur R, Burkholder DA, Coates KA, Christianen MJA, Kelkar N, Manuel SA, Wirsing AJ, Kenworthy WJ and Fourqurean JW (2014) Seagrasses in the age of sea turtle conservation and shark overfishing. Front. Mar. Sci. 1:28. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2014.00028 Available at: http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2014.00028/full

BOOKS• Witherington, Blair, Wintherington, Dawn. Our Sea

Turtles: A Practical Guide for the Atlantic and Gulf, from Canada to Mexico.

• Wyneken, Jeanette; Kenneth J. Lohmann, John A. Musick, Biology of Sea Turtles, Volume 3.

• Carr, Archie. The Sea Turtle: So Excellent a Fish• Stafford-Deitsch, Jeremy. Sharks of Florida, the

Bahamas, the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico (In-depth divers’ guide)

FIELD GUIDES• Humann, Paul. Reef Coral Identification: Florida,

Caribbean, Bahamas

FILMS• Turtle: The Incredible Journey. Bigwave Productions

PROJECT-RELATED WEBSITE• http://blog.ceibahamas.org• http://www.ceibahamas.org/turtles

PROJECT RELATED SOCIAL MEDIA• facebook.com/pages/Tracking-Sea-Turtles- in-The-

Bahamas/545449625561866• instagram.com/tracking_sea_turtles

EARTHWATCH SOCIAL MEDIA• FACEBOOK: facebook.com/Earthwatch• TWITTER: twitter.com/earthwatch_org• INSTAGRAM: instagram.com/earthwatch• BLOG: blog.earthwatch.org/• YOUTUBE: youtube.com/earthwatchinstitute

RESOURCES

http://seaturtle.org/library/?v=4924

http://seaturtle.org/library/?v=4924

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2014.00028/full

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2014.00028/full

http://blog.ceibahamas.org/

http://www.ceibahamas.org/turtles

https://www.facebook.com/Tracking-Sea-Turtles-in-The-Bahamas-545449625561866/

https://www.facebook.com/Tracking-Sea-Turtles-in-The-Bahamas-545449625561866/

https://www.instagram.com/tracking_sea_turtles/

https://www.facebook.com/Earthwatch/

https://twitter.com/earthwatch_org

https://www.instagram.com/earthwatch

https://blog.earthwatch.org/

https://www.youtube.com/user/EarthwatchInstitute


• Aragones LV, Lawler IR, Foley WJ , Marsh H. 2006. Dugong grazing and turtle cropping: grazing optimization in tropical seagrass systems? Oecologia. 149:635–647.

• Bjorndal KA, Bolten AB, Chaloupka MY. 2000. Green turtle somatic growth model: evidence for density dependence. Ecological Applications 10:269-282.

• Bjorndal KA, Bolten AB. 2010. Hawksbill sea turtles in seagrass pastures: success in a peripheral habitat. Marine Biology. 157:135-145.

• Hamann M, Godfrey MH, Seminoff JA, Arthur K, Barata PCR, Bjorndal KA, Bolten AB, Broderick AC, Campbell LM, Carreras C, Casale P, Chaloupka M, Chan SKF, Coyne MS, Crowder LB, Diez CE, Dutton PH, Epperly SP, FitzSimmons NN, Formia A, Girondot M, Hays GC, Cheng IJ, Kaska Y, Lewison R, Mortimer JA, Nichols WJ, Reina RD, Shanker K, Spotila JR, Tomás J, Wallace BP, Work TM, Zbinden J, Godley BJ. 2010. Global research priorities for sea turtles: informing management and conservation in the 21st century. Endangered Species Research. 11: 245–269.

• Heithaus MR, Frid A, Wirsing AJ, Dill LM, Fourqurean JW, Burkholder D, Thomson J, Bejder OL. 2007. State-dependent risk-taking by green sea turtles mediates top-down effects of tiger shark intimidation in a marine ecosystem. Journal of Animal Ecology. 76(5)837-844.

• Kubis S, Chaloupka M, Ehrhart L, Bresette M. 2009. Growth rates of juvenile green turtles Chelonia mydas from three ecologically distinct foraging habitats along the east central coast of Florida, USA. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 389:257–269.

• Moran KL, Bjorndal KA. 2005. Simulated green turtle grazing affects structure and productivity of seagrass pastures. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 305: 235–247.

• Wallace BP, DiMatteo AD, Bolten AB, Chaloupka MY, Hutchinson BJ, Abreu-Grobois A, Mortimer JA, Seminoff JA, Amorocho D, Bjorndal KA, Bourjea J, Bowen BW, Briseno Duenas R, Casale P, Choudhury BC, Costa A, Dutton PH, Fallabrino A, Finkbeiner EM, Girard A, Girondot M, Hamann M, Hurley BJ, Lopez-Mendilaharsu M, Marcovaldi MA, Musick JA, Nel R, Pilcher NJ, Troeng S, Witherington B, Mast RB. 2011. Global Conservation Priorities for Marine Turtles. PLoS ONE 6(9): e24510. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024510.

LITERATURE CITED

LITERATURE CITEDYOUR RESOURCES AT HOME


NOTESTRACKING SEA TURTLES IN THE BAHAMAS

EMERGENCY NUMBERSAROUND-THE-CLOCK SUPPORT


EARTHWATCH’S 24-HOUR EMERGENCY HOTLINE

Call Earthwatch’s 24-hour on-call duty officer in the U.S.:

+1 (978) 461.0081+1 (800) 776.0188 (toll-free for calls placed from within the U.S.)

After business hours, leave a message with our live answering service. State that you have an emergency and give the name of your expedition, your name, the location from which you are calling, and if possible, a phone number where you can be reached. An Earthwatch staff member will respond to your call within one hour.

TRAVEL ASSISTANCE PROVIDER: ON CALL INTERNATIONAL

TEL: +1 603-952-2680 (collect calls/reverse charges accepted)

TOLL FREE FROM U.S. & CANADA: 1-833-819-2939TEXT ONLY: +1-603-945-0103 EMAIL: [email protected]

You may contact On Call International at any time. They can assist in the event of a medical or evacuation emergency or for routine medical and travel advice, such as advice on visas and vaccine requirements.

FOR VOLUNTEERS BOOKED THROUGH THE EARTHWATCH AUSTRALIA OFFICE:

Earthwatch Australia 24-Hour Emergency Helpline+61.0.3.8508.5537

mailto:mail%40oncallinternational.com?subject=

MESSAGE FROM EARTHWATCHDEAR EARTHWATCHER,Thank you for joining this expedition! We greatly appreciate your decision to contribute to hands-on environmental science and conservation. It is volunteers like you who fuel our mission and inspire our work.

While at Earthwatch, I’ve had the opportunity to field on a few expeditions, most recently in Kenya with one of my daughters. Each expedition has touched me deeply, and made me proud to be able to roll up my sleeves alongside my fellow volunteers and contribute to such meaningful work.

As an Earthwatch volunteer, you have the opportunity to create positive change. And while you’re out in the field working toward that change, we are committed to caring for your safety. Although risk is an inherent part of the environments in which we work, we’ve been providing volunteer field experiences with careful risk management and diligent planning for nearly 45 years. You’re in good hands.

If you have questions as you prepare for your expedition, we encourage you to contact your Earthwatch office. Thank you for your support, and enjoy your expedition!

Sincerely,

Scott Kania President and CEO, Earthwatch

CONNECT WITH OTHER




EARTHWATCHINSTITUTE

Earthwatch U.S. 114 Western Ave. Boston, MA 02134United States

[email protected] earthwatch.org

Phone: 1-978-461-0081 Toll-Free: 1-800-776-0188 Fax: 1-978-461-2332

Earthwatch Europe Mayfield House 256 Banbury Rd. Oxford, OX2 7DE United Kingdom


Phone: 44-0-1865-318-838 Fax: 44-0-1865-311-383

Earthwatch Australia Suite G–07, Ground Floor 60L Green Building, 60–66 Leicester Street Carlton VIC 3053, Australia


Phone: 61-0-3-9016-7590 Fax: 61-0-3-9686-3652

Earthwatch Japan Food Science Bldg. 4F The University of Tokyo 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8657, Japan


Phone: 81-0-3-6686-0300 Fax: 81-0-3-6686-0477

mailto:[email protected]

http://earthwatch.org






EARTHWATCH 2018 KENYON RESEARCH CENTER











your project site.





number with a parent, relative, or friend.

PLANNING CHECKLIST

PLANNING CHECKLIST




1TRACKING SEA TURTLES IN THE BAHAMAS—KENYON RESEARCH CENTER 2018


THE RESEARCH .............................................. 4





HEALTH & SAFETY ....................................... 12

TRAVEL TIPS ................................................ 13


PROJECT STAFF ........................................... 15





TRACKING SEA TURTLES IN THE BAHAMAS—KENYON RESEARCH CENTER 20182

On behalf of all the scientists involved with this research, I want to welcome you and thank you for choosing to join our exciting project in The Bahamas! Through this project, you will get a chance not only to see beautiful sea turtles up close, but also to learn a great deal about their biology and ecology, and, of course, collect data that will directly contribute to our understanding of how we might conserve them. After four years of Earthwatch teams collecting data in The Bahamas this is our first year studying sea turtles in Abaco, so this is a special year!

We anticipate that your time in Abaco will be a varied and productive period. We’ll begin by training you in the various field methodologies we use and on how to recognize the species we’ll be surveying. Following training, we’ll collect data by snorkeling in tidal mangrove creeks as well as tagging and releasing turtles—all in beautiful and unspoiled coastal habitats. Each day’s data will then be entered into the project database, eventually leading to a very comprehensive data set that you will directly contribute to. The scientific team will then be able to analyze the data and make both scientific discoveries and management recommendations.



CONNECT WITH OTHER




EARTHWATCHINSTITUTE

HEAD 1HEAD 2




So what are these optimal conditions? You’ll help answer this crucial question by monitoring the abundance of turtles in different areas and tracking the physical features of habitats that attract the most turtles. Additionally, you will also help determine shark abundance to assess predation risk in different areas. Your participation will help researchers and the government creates plans that will protect the right habitats from development.





• TURTLE ABUNDANCE SURVEYS: From a boat, you and your teammates will spot turtles and record their locations via Global Positioning System (GPS). The designated note-taker (a revolving role) will tally the turtle counts, keep track of time, and record environmental data like cloud cover and wind speed.

• HABITAT SURVEYS: You’ll snorkel through sites where turtles feed to collect seafloor habitat data (e.g., percentage cover of seagrass, algae, sand, etc.) and determine physical characteristics such as depth, temperature, dissolved oxygen content, and mangrove root density. You’ll also collect plant tissue samples for chemical analysis and use GPS to identify locations of various sea floor characteristics. Oftentimes this task is performed at low tide, so volunteers should expect to snorkel/stand in the water in order to collect data. If you don’t want to snorkel, you can still help out with boat-based tasks such as data recording, measuring water depth, and handling the GPS instrument.


• BRUV WORK: From a boat, you’ll help bait, deploy, and retrieve Baited Remote Underwater Video units (BRUVs)—essentially underwater video cameras that record the animals that swim into range. You’ll then help download the videos and analyze them to help estimate predator abundance, such as sharks, in the areas the BRUVs were deployed.

• CAPTURE-BASED SURVEYS: From a boat, you will help deploy baited survey lines to capture sharks. You will help the research team safely handle any captured animals and gather data on their species and size as well as tissue samples.

• DATA MANAGEMENT: You’ll also help with one of the pivotal steps in any scientific research: entering and analyzing data. In the evenings, or during unfavorable weather, you’ll transfer notes from the field into a database and help analyze BRUV videos. As human development continues to shape the natural world that turtles thrive in, it’s critical to observe and understand their movements so that we can best protect the places they need most. Your participation in this expedition will provide a valuable contribution to this effort.


ITINERARYDAY 1Arrival in the late afternoon, dinner and then campus and project orientation.DAY 2Introduction to training and swim test, species identification and methodologies training.DAYS 3–8Data collection, fieldwork in mangrove creeks including habitat surveys, tagging turtles, baited video surveys and data entry. During this time, participants will continually review training on species identification and survey methodologies. One full day or half-day will be reserved for recreational time to visit other parts of the island.DAY 9Early morning departure for the airport.

DAILY SCHEDULE7:30 a.m. Breakfast8:15 a.m. Head out for field work12:30 p.m. Lunch in field1:30 p.m. Continue fieldwork4:00 p.m. Return from field4:30 p.m. Downtime6:00 p.m. Dinner7:00 p.m. Possible lectures, films, night hikes or downtime



SLEEPINGYou’ll stay at the Kenyon Research Center in single-sex, dormitory-style rooms, each housing no more than six people. Every room contains bunk beds and basic shelving, electric ceiling fans, lights, and 110-volt outlets (you are welcome to bring electronic equipment). Pillows and bedding will be provided and one bath towel but please bring a field towel.

BATHROOMSEach dorm has a communal toilet and washing area with multiple showers and sinks. Solar hot water heaters provide hot water, and we actively encourage water conservation.


PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONSTelephone services are available, though access may be limited by the large number of people using them. Emergency communications will be prioritized. Mobile phone coverage varies in The Bahamas, but may be possible (while expensive) for some networks. You are free to bring your own cell phone.


VOLUNTEER CONTACT INFOPHONE: +1 (242) 367.2721WEBSITE: http://www.friendsoftheenvironment.org/EMAIL: [email protected]



http://www.friendsoftheenvironment.org/


FACILITIES AND AMENITIESThe Kenyon Research Center has a shared common area, lab space, and outdoor deck. Volunteers will have access to a washing machine, and we advise that you bring biodegradable wash detergent if you intend to clean your clothes during your stay. There is a common phone at the research center for domestic calls only, however wi-fi will be available at the accommodations at all times for volunteers. The accommodations is a 10–15 minute walk to restaurants, bars and a local supermarket in the town of Marsh Harbor. s

DISTANCE TO THE FIELD SITEThe field sites are close to the accommodations. It will typically take less than 45 minutes by boat or van to mangrove creek sites.

FOOD AND WATERMeals will be served buffet style in a central dining area, which is shared by all volunteers and researchers. Three meals a day will be a shared responsibility by the staff and volunteers, with the majority of lunches being field lunches. All guests help with basic kitchen cleaning duties on a rotating basis (once every few days). Snacks can be purchased from a store at the nearby grocery store. Potable drinking water is available at the accommodations.




A mix of traditional Caribbean food (e.g., rice and beans accompanying meat or poultry dishes), fresh salads, and American food (e.g., pasta, soup, hamburgers). Packed lunches are sandwiches, fruit, gorp and cassava chips.

SNACKS Please purchase snacks before the expedition. There’s a grocery store nearby for any candy, snack, or ice cream urges.






The hurricane season spans from the end of June through the end of November. Mosquitoes and sand flies are present on Abaco, so bring repellent or long clothes for protection.

GENERAL CONDITIONSThe following are averages. Please check weather resources for your team dates for more accurate weather predictions. Projects have experienced unseasonable weather at all times of year.

HUMIDITY: Average 65% year roundSUMMER TEMPERATURE RANGE: 27°C (80°F) to 32°C (90°F)WINTER TEMPERATURE RANGE: 18°C (64°F) to 24°C (75°F)RAINFALL: Brief summer showers May–October


WATER CONDITIONSTYPICAL WATER TEMPERATURE: 20°C (68°F) in winter 24°C (75°F) in spring 28°C (82°F) in summer

TYPICAL WATER VISIBILITY: 10 m (33 ft.) to 25 m (82 ft.)TYPICAL MAX. WATER DEPTH IN AREA: 2 m (7 ft.) to 4 m (13 ft.)SITE DIVING TYPE: coastal tidal creeksANTICIPATED DEPTH OF SNORKELING: 1 m (3 ft.) to 4 m (13 ft.)ANTICIPATED NUMBER OF SNORKELS PER DAY: 0–2SNORKEL ACTIVITIES WILL BE INITIATED FROM: boatsTIMING OF SNORKELING ACTIVITIES: dayEGRESS INTO WATER: over edge of boat






• Enter and exit the water from small boats.• Work on or from a boat for about three to six hours per day

with limited break options (e.g., no bathroom on the boat, except for the ocean).







HAZARD TYPE ASSOCIATED RISKS AND PRECAUTIONSTransportation Traffic accidents and injuries are always a hazard of road transport. Vans travel no faster than 45 mph on

public roads. Every passenger will have a seat and must wear seat belts at all times. Volunteers will not drive; only staff will operate vans and boats.


Animals Mosquitoes and sand flies are present on Abaco, and repellent or long-sleeved shirts and pants can help protect from stings and bites. Fire coral, sea urchins, lionfish, jellyfish or jellies, and biting or territorial animals may be present in the water. All dangerous creatures will be introduced during the training period.


Working on a Boat Boats will have appropriate safety equipment, including a personal flotation device (PFD) for each passenger. You must wear PFDs while boats are moving. Staff will brief the team on boating risks and precautions. You will be warned about wet deck surfaces and the risk of sprains, strains, or breaks from falling on the boat.

Personal Security Robbery is a risk outside of the project site, for example, in Nassau before and after the expedition. Take taxis instead of walking and always be aware of your surroundings. When at the project site, place valuables stored away and out of sight. Project staff will offer a locked office for any expensive personal belongings for the duration of your team.

Swimming Swimming is critical to the research you’ll conduct and. Typical water- related risks will be present. A certified lifeguard will not be available at all times, but all staff members have boat and dive safety training. Volunteers may not swim alone.



The nearest medical clinic is a 40-minute drive from the field station. Air evacuation is required to reach the nearest fully equipped hospital, in Nassau, and it can take up to four hours to arrange transport and reach the hospital. If you have a chronic condition, which could require immediate medical care (e.g., heart conditions, kidney problems, severe asthma), please discuss your participation with your physician.

Disease Traveler’s diarrhea affects many international travelers.Diseases found in the Bahamas may include malaria, dengue fever, leptospirosis, and histoplasmosis. Please see the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (cdc.gov) or the World Health Organization (who.int/) websites for more information on these conditions and how to avoid them.



EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONSAbaco has email and phone that are available to project staff and volunteers. Mail is slow to arrive at Abaco, but is sent out several times per month. The research station has standard protocols for emergencies (medical, approaching hurricane, etc.).

The project will use the research station’s communication equipment where appropriate (e.g., VHF radios on boats). Mobile phones also work on much of the island.

PHYSICIAN, NURSE, OR EMT ON STAFF: Project staff members are not medical professionals.

STAFF CERTIFIED IN SAFETY TRAINING:CPR: Annabelle Brooks, Meagan GaryFIRST AID: Annabelle Brooks, Meagan GaryWILDERNESS FIRST RESPONDER: Annabelle Brooks, Meagan GaryWATER SAFETY: Annabelle Brooks (boat driving and seamanship certification, scuba instructor, rescue diving)

NEAREST MEDICAL CARE(5 MINUTES AWAY)Abaco Clinic/Urgent Care facility open 24/7Abaco Auskell Medical Centre, Garnett Archer’s Plaza,Queen Elizabeth Drive, Marsh Harbour, PHONE: 1 242-367-0020













PERSONAL FUNDS: Please bring all the funds you need in cash—Abaco has few ATMs. Less than $100 should be required to cover any snacks and drinks.






Kenyon Research CenterPO Box AB 20755 Marsh Harbour, Abaco, The Bahamas+1 (242) 367.2721

LOST AND DELAYED LUGGAGE: If your luggage goes astray, please instruct the airline to deliver your bags to Marsh Harbour Airport and to alert you of the delivery at Kenyon Research Center, +1 (242) 367.2721. Staff will arrange for pick-up from the airport as soon as possible.

TRANSFERRING LUGGAGE: If you will be taking an international flight that has one or more connections within the country of your destination, you must collect any checked bags at the airport where you first arrive in the destination country. After proceeding through customs, you will have to recheck your luggage before flying on to your final destination.






GENERALq This expedition briefingq Your travel plans, rendezvous details, and Earthwatch’s

emergency contact informationq Photocopies of your passport, flight itinerary, and credit




bugs and sun offq Quick-drying long pants or swim tights/leggings for

boat workq Wide-brimmed sun hatq Sunglasses (polarized preferable)q Rash guardq Athletic-style swimsuit (string bikinis can be worn during

free time but must be covered with rash guard/t-shirt when on the waterfront)



CLOTHING/FOOTWEAR FOR LEISUREq At least one set of clothing to keep clean for end

of expedition


well for no-see-um and sandflies)q Mask, snorkel fins that don’t require booties, snorkel

*NOTE: If you don’t own snorkel gear, there are no spares on site. Please purchase or rent snorkel gear in advance.


BEDDING AND BATHINGNOTE: Pillows and sheet are provided by the accommodations.q Field towel (one for showering provided)








OPTIONAL ITEMSq Flip flops or sandals for the showerq Camera, film or memory card(s), extra camera batteryq Hardware for sharing digital photographs at the end

of the expeditionq Dry bag or plastic sealable bags (e.g. Ziploc) to protect

equipment like cameras from dust, humidity, and waterq Books, games, art supplies, etc. for free timeq Earplugs for light sleepersq Comfortable shoes to change into after conducting

fieldworkq Travel guideq Blanket or sleeping bag






ELIZABETH WHITMAN is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Biological Science at Florida International University where she focuses on the factors influencing habitat use of green turtles and the role of this threatened species in marine ecosystems. In Abaco, Bahamas, she studies factors affecting green turtles distributions through surveys of habitat, food availability, predators and green turtle densities. She works closely with non-profit organizations such as Friends of the Environment on Abaco to share scientific knowledge with local communities and inspire future generations. Schedule: Teams at Abaco














Caribbean, Bahamas






RESOURCES












LITERATURE CITED






Sincerely,


CONNECT WITH OTHER




EARTHWATCHINSTITUTE






Phone: 44-0-1865-318-838 Fax: 44-0-1865-311-383



Phone: 61-0-3-9016-7590 Fax: 61-0-3-9686-3652



Phone: 81-0-3-6686-0300 Fax: 81-0-3-6686-0477








EARTHWATCH 2018 FORFAR FIELD STATION











your project site.





number with a parent, relative, or friend.

PLANNING CHECKLIST

PLANNING CHECKLIST




1TRACKING SEA TURTLES IN THE BAHAMAS—FORFAR FIELD STATION 2018


THE RESEARCH .............................................. 4





HEALTH & SAFETY ....................................... 12

TRAVEL TIPS ................................................ 13


PROJECT STAFF ........................................... 15






On behalf of all the scientists involved with this research, I want to welcome you and thank you for choosing to join our exciting project in The Bahamas! Through this project, you will get a chance not only to see beautiful sea turtles up close, but also to learn a great deal about their biology and ecology, and, of course, collect data that will directly contribute to our understanding of how we might best conserve them. After four years of Earthwatch teams collecting data in The Bahamas this is our first year studying sea turtles in Andros, so this is a special year!

We anticipate that your time in The Bahamas will be a varied and productive period. We’ll begin by training you in the various field methodologies we use and on how to recognize the species we’ll be surveying. Following training, we’ll collect data by snorkeling in tidal mangrove creeks and by conducting video surveys, as well as tagging and releasing turtles—all in beautiful and unspoiled coastal habitats. Each day’s data will then be entered into the project database, eventually leading to a very comprehensive dataset that you will directly contribute to. The scientific team will then be able to analyze the data and make both scientific discoveries and management recommendations.



CONNECT WITH OTHER




EARTHWATCHINSTITUTE

HEAD 1HEAD 2




So what are these optimal conditions? You’ll help answer this crucial question by monitoring the abundance of turtles in different areas and tracking the physical features of habitats that attract the most turtles. Additionally, you will also help determine predator abundance to assess predation risk in different areas. Your participation will help researchers and the government creates plans that will protect the right habitats from development.


TRACKING SEA TURTLES IN THE BAHAMAS—FORFAR FIELD STATION 20184



• HABITAT SURVEYS: You’ll snorkel through sites where turtles feed to collect seafloor habitat data (e.g., percentage cover of seagrass, algae, sand, etc.) and determine physical characteristics such as depth, temperature, dissolved oxygen content, and mangrove root density. You’ll also collect plant tissue samples for chemical analysis and use GPS to identify locations of various sea floor characteristics. If you don’t want to snorkel, you can still help out with boat-based tasks such as data recording, measuring water depth, and handling the GPS instrument. Note, boats often can’t reach these sites, so volunteers should be willing to snorkel/stand in water during this activity.


• CAPTURE-BASED SURVEYS: From a boat, you will help deploy baited survey lines to capture predators. You will help the research team safely handle any captured animals and gather data on their species and size as well as tissue samples.

• DATA MANAGEMENT: You’ll also help with one of the pivotal steps in any scientific research: entering and analyzing data. In the evenings, or during unfavorable weather, you’ll transfer notes from the field into a database and help analyze BRUV videos.

As human development continues to shape the natural world that turtles thrive in, it’s critical to observe and understand their movements so that we can best protect the places they need most. Your participation in this expedition will provide a valuable contribution to this effort.


You’ll work under the leadership of the Earthwatch scientists and other experienced staff members, who will oversee data collection during surveys. You’ll spend your days traveling to various field sites and conducting sea turtle and habitat surveys from boats and, optionally, from the water. In the evenings, you’ll assist with video or sample analysis and data entry. Most lunches will be in the field and a few will be at the research center, but all dinners will be held back at the accommodations. Participants will have time to rest and freshen up before dinner. You could also choose to socialize with fellow teammates or retire early to re energize for the next day.

Volunteers will have some time off to explore the surrounding local area, on foot, as well as visit local settlements during the expedition. The team will have dinner at a local restaurant at least once. During the recreational day all participants will go by vehicle to various attractions along the island, including easily accessible caves, historical buildings, a nature preserve, and craft shops.

Smoking is not permitted anywhere on the campus. Alcohol consumption is only permitted in the evenings during recreational time or during group meals off campus.

ITINERARYDAY 1Arrival in the late afternoon, dinner and then campus and project orientation.DAY 2Campus tour, introduction to training and swim test, species identification and methodologies training.DAYS 3–8Data collection, fieldwork in mangrove creeks including habitat surveys, tagging turtles, baited video surveys and data entry. During this time, participants will continually review training on species identification and survey methodologies. Earthwatch scientists will hold talks on other aspects of marine biology, or other visiting scientists may talk about their research. One full day or half-day will be reserved for recreational time to visit other parts of the island.DAY 9Team wrap-up and review of achievements, completion of outstanding data entry and departure.

DAILY SCHEDULE7:30 a.m. Morning meeting Breakfast8:15 a.m. Breakfast9.15 a.m. Head out for fieldwork12:30 p.m. Lunch in field1:30 p.m. Continue fieldwork4:00 p.m. Return from field and clean away gear5:00 p.m. Downtime6:00 p.m. Dinner7:15 p.m. Possible lectures, films, night hikes or downtime



SLEEPINGYou’ll stay at Forfar Field Station in single-sex, dormitory-style rooms, each housing up to eight people. Every room contains bunk beds and basic shelving, electric ceiling fans, lights, and 110-volt outlets (you are welcome to bring electronic equipment). Pillows will be provided, but you need to bring your own your bedding (sheets, blankets, pillow cases, or sleeping bags) and towels.

BATHROOMSEach room has a communal toilet and washing area and multiple showers are available. Solar hot water heaters provide hot water, and we actively encourage water conservation.


PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONSAndros has phone facilities that may be used by volunteers by arrangement with staff. Wireless Internet may be available (depending on group size), and those who don’t bring computers may be able to use one at the site. Mobile phone coverage varies in The Bahamas, but may be possible (while expensive) for some networks. You are free to bring your own cell phone.


VOLUNTEER CONTACT INFOPHONE: +1 (242) 368.6129WEBSITE: intlfieldstudies.org/EMAIL: [email protected]



https://www.intlfieldstudies.org/


FACILITIES AND AMENITIESThe accommodations has a lab space, classrooms, and a shared lounge area. Wi-Fi is available on a limited basis. There is a paid laundry service available on Mondays and Wednesdays each week, but volunteers are also welcome to wash their own clothes in the bathrooms. There is a local bar, restaurant and town store that is a 10–15 minute walk from the accommodations. NOTE: there is no air conditioning at this location.

DISTANCE TO THE FIELD SITEThe field sites are close to the accommodations. It will typically take less than 45 minutes by boat or van to mangrove creek sites.

FOOD AND WATERMeals will be served buffet style in a central dining area, which is shared by all volunteers, staff, students, and researchers. Three meals a day will be prepared by local cooks. All guests help with basic kitchen cleaning duties on a rotating basis (once every few days). Snacks can be purchased from a store at the nearby settlement. Tap water is not safe to drink and bottled water will be provided.




A mix of traditional Caribbean food (e.g., rice and beans accompanying meat or poultry dishes), fresh salads, and American food (e.g., pasta, soup, hamburgers). Packed lunches are sandwiches, fruit, gorp, cassava chips.

DESSERT Please purchase snacks before the expedition. There’s a shop at the nearby marina for any midday candy, snack, or ice cream urges.





The information that follows is as accurate as possible, but please keep in mind that conditions may change.


The hurricane season spans from the end of June through the end of November. Mosquitoes and sand flies are present on Andros, so bring repellent or long clothes for protection.

GENERAL CONDITIONSHUMIDITY: Average 65% year roundSUMMER TEMPERATURE RANGE: 27°C (80°F) to 32°C (90°F)WINTER TEMPERATURE RANGE: 18°C (64°F) to 24°C (75°F)RAINFALL: Brief summer showers May–October


WATER CONDITIONSTYPICAL WATER TEMPERATURE: 20°C (68°F) in winter, 24°C (75°F) in spring, 28°C (82°F) in summer

TYPICAL WATER VISIBILITY: 10 m (33 ft.) to 25 m (82 ft.)TYPICAL MAX. WATER DEPTH IN AREA: 2 m (7 ft.) to 4 m (13 ft.)SITE DIVING TYPE: coastal tidal creeksANTICIPATED DEPTH OF SNORKELING: 1 m (3 ft.) to 4 m (13 ft.)ANTICIPATED NUMBER OF SNORKELS PER DAY: 0–2SNORKEL ACTIVITIES WILL BE INITIATED FROM: boatsTIMING OF SNORKELING ACTIVITIES: dayEGRESS INTO WATER: over edge of boat






• The ability to swim is important for safety reasons as a large portion of the project is conducted from a boat.

• Enter and exit the water from small boats, potentially without a ladder.

• Work on or from a boat for about three to six hours per day with limited break options (e.g., no bathroom on the boat, except for the ocean).







HAZARD TYPE ASSOCIATED RISKS AND PRECAUTIONSTransportation Traffic accidents and injuries are always a hazard of road transport. Vans travel no faster than 45 mph on public

roads. Every passenger will have a seat and must wear seatbelts at all times. Volunteers will not drive; only staff will operate vans and boats.


Animals Mosquitoes and sand flies are present on Andros, and repellent or long-sleeved shirts and pants can help protect from stings and bites. Fire coral, sea urchins, lionfish, jellyfish or jellies, and biting or territorial animals may be present in the water. All dangerous creatures will be introduced during the training period.


Political, Social and Cultural

Project staff will advise you on local culture. They will also enforce appropriate clothing and footwear for particular situations, e.g., in settlements.

Project Tasks/ Equipment

Staff will warn you about correct lifting techniques for heavy equipment.

Working on a Boat

Boats will have appropriate safety equipment, including a personal flotation device (PFD) for each passenger. You must wear PFDs while boats are moving. Staff will brief the team on boating risks and precautions. You will be warned about wet deck surfaces and the risk of sprains, strains, or breaks from falling on the boat.

Personal Security Robbery is a risk outside of the project site, for example, in Nassau before and after the expedition. Take taxis instead of walking and always be aware of your surroundings.

Swimming Swimming is central to the research you’ll conduct and, possibly, during recreational time. Typical water-related risks are present. A certified lifeguard will not be available at all times, but all staff members have boat and dive safety training. Volunteers may not swim alone.



The nearest medical clinic is a 40-minute drive from the field station. Air evacuation is required to reach the nearest fully equipped hospital, in Nassau, and it can take up to four hours to arrange transport and reach the hospital. If you have a chronic condition—which could require immediate medical care (e.g., heart conditions, kidney problems, severe asthma), please discuss your participation with your physician.

Disease Traveler’s diarrhea affects many international travelers.Diseases found in the Bahamas may include malaria, dengue fever, leptospirosis, and histoplasmosis. Please see the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (cdc.gov) or the World Health Organization (who.int/) websites for more information on these conditions and how to avoid them.



EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONSThe accommodations has email and phone capabilities that are available to project staff and volunteers. Andros has standard protocols for emergencies (medical, approaching hurricane, etc.).

The project will use the site’s communication equipment where appropriate (e.g., VHF radios on boats). Mobile phones also work on much of the island.

PHYSICIAN, NURSE, OR EMT ON STAFF: Project staff members are not medical professionals.

STAFF CERTIFIED IN SAFETY TRAINING:CPR: Annabelle Brooks, Meagan GaryFIRST AID: Annabelle Brooks, Meagan GaryWILDERNESS FIRST RESPONDER: Annabelle Brooks, Meagan GaryWATER SAFETY: Annabelle Brooks, Meagan Gary (boat driving and seamanship certification, scuba instructor, rescue diving)

NEAREST MEDICAL CAREStaniard Creek Community ClinicStaniard Creek,PHONE: (242) 368-5238











PERSONAL FUNDS: Please bring all the funds you need in cash—Andros has few ATMs. Less than $100 should be required to cover any snacks and drinks.






Forfar Field StationP.O. Box FC 23317Fresh CreekAndros, Bahamas+1 242.368.6129

LOST AND DELAYED LUGGAGE: If your luggage goes astray, please instruct the airline to deliver your bags to San Andros Airport and to alert you of the delivery at Forfar Field Station, +1 242.368.6129. Forfar staff will arrange for pick-up from the airport as soon as possible.

TRANSFERRING LUGGAGE: If you will be taking an international flight that has one or more connections within the country of your destination, you must collect any checked bags at the airport where you first arrive in the destination country. After proceeding through customs, you will have to recheck your luggage before flying to your final destination.






GENERALq This expedition briefingq Your travel plans, rendezvous details, and

Earthwatch’s emergency contact informationq Photocopies of your passport, flight itinerary, and credit




bugs and sun off (highly recommended). Mosquito nets will be provided for beds.

q Quick-drying long pants or swim tights/leggings for boat work

q Wide-brimmed sun hatq Sunglasses (polarized preferable)q Rash guardq Athletic-style swimsuit (string bikinis can be worn

during free time but must be covered with rash guard/ t-shirt when on the waterfront)



CLOTHING/FOOTWEAR FOR LEISUREq At least one set of clothing to keep clean for end

of expedition


well for no-see-um and sandflies)

q Mask, snorkel fins that don’t require booties, snorkel * NOTE: If you don’t own snorkel gear, there are no spares on site. Please purchase or rent snorkel gear in advance.


BEDDING AND BATHINGNOTE: Pillows and sheet are provided by the accommodations.q Field towel and a towel for showering








OPTIONAL ITEMSq Flip flops or sandals for the showerq Camera, film or memory card(s), extra camera batteryq Hardware for sharing digital photographs at the end of

the expeditionq Dry bag or plastic sealable bags (e.g. Ziploc) to protect

equipment like cameras from dust, humidity, and waterq Books, games, art supplies, etc. for free timeq Earplugs for light sleepersq Comfortable shoes to change into after conducting fieldworkq Travel guideq Blanket or sleeping bag














Caribbean, Bahamas






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