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Tracking Non-residential Pesticide Use in Urban Areas of...
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Tracking Non-residential Pesticide Use in Urban Areas
of California
Nila KreidichUC Davis, IPM Graduate Program
Under the direction of: Mary Lou Flint, Cheryl Wilen, and Minghua Zhang
Objectives1. Identify non-residential pesticide user groups in
urban environments2. Examine the pesticide use trends of groups
who report pesticide use3. Investigate the sources of information about
pesticides and IPM within each user group4. Develop recommendations on comprehensive
and effective outreach approach/ strategy for urban insecticide user groups
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Methods• DPR Pesticide Use Report
(PUR) database– Examined non-agricultural
pesticide use data• Interviews• Surveys
– Pest Management Professionals– UCCE Advisors– Pest Control Companies– Apartment Managers– Pet Groomers and Kennels– Cemeteries– Parks and Recreation
Departments
Study SitesArea of study: Sacramento, San Diego, and Orange County
Arcade Creek Watershed Chollas Creek Watershed San Diego Creek & UpperNewport Bay Watershed
25 sq miles38 sq miles 125 sq miles
56% 67%% Residential
15-20%
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Pesticide User Groups
• Structural Pest Control• Licensed Landscape
Professionals• Public Agency Pest Control
– Right-of-Ways– Public Health– Regulatory Pest Control
Groups that Report Pesticide Use:
Reported Non-agricultural Pesticide Use in California
40%
15%
32%
12% 1%
Structural Pest Control Landscape Maintenance
Right-of-ways Public Health
Regulatory Pest Control
,
0
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
lbs
of act
ive ingre
die
nt
Structural Pest Control Landscape Maintenance
Right-of-ways Public Health Pest Control
Regulatory Pest Control
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2003 Non-fumigant Insecticide Use
Sacramento % San Diego % Orange %
Structural Pest Control 44294 93% 206951 90% 258306 98%
Landscape Maintenance 1984 4% 22737 10% 2929 1%
Right-of-ways 207 0.4% 137 0.1% 921 0.4%
Public Health Pest Control 988 2% 142 0.1% 562 0.2%
Regulatory Pest Control 4 0.01% 401 0.2% 145 0.1%TOTAL 47476 230369 262863
Sacramento % San Diego % Orange %
Structural Pest Control 1394 1% 3360 2% 17 0%
Landscape Maintenance 39533 39% 58356 38% 65366 53%
Right-of-ways 56825 56% 91943 60% 58928 47%
Public Health Pest Control 39 0.04% 1 0.00% 161 0.1%
Regulatory Pest Control 4037 4% 82 0.1% 17 0.01%
TOTAL 101828 153743 124490
2003 Herbicide Use
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Pesticide User Groups
• Residents who apply pesticides to their homes or landscapes
• Maintenance Gardeners (some)• Pet Groomers/ Kennels• Commercial• Institutional• Industrial• The Department of Defense
Groups who are not licensed and generally do not report pesticide use:
Structural Pest Control
% of state total use, 2003:
• 14% Orange
• 12% San Diego
• 2% Sacramento
Total lbs of a.i. applied, 2003
• 258,306 in Orange
• 206,951 in San Diego
• 44,294 in Sacramento
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
Adjusted ratio of lbs of
active ingredient*
2000 2001 2002 2003
Insecticide Use Trends, Adjusted for Building Density
Sacramento Orange San Diego
Non-fumigant Insecticide Use Trends
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Structural Pest ControlFumigant Use Trends
• The most frequently used fumigant in California is sulfuryl fluoride
• Drywood termites + high population density in San Diego and Orange Counties = more fumigant use
• 3,106,333 lbs of a.i. of sulfuryl fluoride was applied in CA in 2003
Sulfuryl Fluoride Use, thousands of lbs of a.i.
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
19931994
19951996
19971998
19992000
20012002
2003
lbs
of a
ctiv
e ingre
die
nt
Sacramento County San Diego County Orange County
How is reported non-fumigant insecticide use changing in
California?
Structural Pest Control
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
lbs
of a
ctiv
e in
gred
ient
Diazinon and Chlorpyrifos
Select Pyrethroids*
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Structural Pest Control
The reported use of diazinon and chlorpyrifos has been steadily declining
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Adju
sted
lbs
of a
ctiv
e in
gred
ient
*
Sacramento San Diego Orange
Y= -0.0117x + 23.414
R2 = 0.4251
Diazinon and Chlorpyrifos Use Trends, adjusted for building density
Structural Pest Control
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004
Adju
sted lbs
of
act
ive ingre
die
nt
Sacramento San Diego Orange
Y= 0.0042x - 8.3478
R2 = 0.67
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
lbs
of
active
ingre
die
nt
Sacramento County
Orange County
San Diego County
The reported use of select pyrethroids and fipronil has been increasing
Fipronil Use Trends (1997-2003) Select Pyrethroid Use Trends, adjusted
for building density
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The number of OP and pyrethroid applicationsStructural Pest Control
San Diego County
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
num
ber
of applic
ations
Select Pyrethroids
diazinon &chlorpyrifos
Orange County
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
num
ber
of ap
plic
atio
ns
Select Pyrethroids
diazinon & chlorpyrifos
What pyrethroids are gaining popularity?
Structural Pest Control
San Diego Count
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
lbs
of a
ctiv
e in
gred
ient
Bifenthrin
Cypermethrin
Deltamethrin
lambda-cyhalothrin
Permethrin
Cyfluthrin
Orange County
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
19931994 1995 1996 1997 19981999 2000 2001 20022003
lbs
of
act
ive
ingre
die
nt
Bifenthrin
Cypermethrin
Deltamethrin
Lambda-cyhalothrin
Permethrin
Cyfluthrin
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Who are they?• Professional landscape maintenance companies• Golf Course Superintendents• Parks and Recreation Departments• Cemetery Landscape Managers• Sports Turf Managers• Landscape Pest Specialists
This group is reachable!
Licensed Landscape Professionals????
A substantial portion of pesticides applied to turf and ornamentals goes unreported in CA!
Licensed Landscape ProfessionalsPesticide Use Breakdown, 2003
San Diego
45%
1%9%
23%
22%
Oil
Molluscicide
Insecticide
Herbicide
Fungicide
Sacramento County
6% 0%
4%
75%
15%
Orange County
2%2%3%
27%
66%
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Perfect lawns and ornamentalplant beds = herbicides
Herbicide Use Trends
Licensed Landscape Professionals
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.1
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
lbs
of a.i.
per
build
ing u
nit
Sacramento San Diego Orange
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
lbs
of act
ive ingre
die
nt
SacramentoSan DiegoOrange
Glyphosate Use
Herbicide Use, Adjusted for Building Unit Density
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The reported use of diazinon and chlorpyrifos has been decreasing
Licensed Landscape Professionals
0
0.0005
0.001
0.0015
0.002
0.0025
0.003
0.0035
0.004
0.0045
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003lbs
of
active
ingre
die
nt
adju
sted
for
build
ing d
ensi
ty*
Sacramento San Diego Orange
Y= -0.0003x + 0.6795
R2 = 0.3376
Insecticide Use
The reported use of imidacloprid has been increasing
Licensed Landscape Professionals
0
0.0002
0.0004
0.0006
0.0008
0.001
0.0012
0.0014
19951996
19971998
1999
2000
2001
20022003
lbs
of act
ive ingre
die
nt
adju
sted for
build
ing d
ensi
ty
Sacramento San Diego Orange County
Insecticide Use
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Public Agency Pest Control: Right-of-Ways
• Majority of use is herbicides (refer to 2003 data below)
• In 2003, the two most frequently applied herbicides were glyphosate and diuron
Sacramento Count
Herbicides67%
Algicides6%
Adjuvants3%
Fumigants9%
Fungicides
Insecticides10%
Other1%
Herbicides 56825Insecticides 8067Fumigants 7259Algicides 5313Fungicides 3805Adjuvants 2893Other* 519
TOTAL 166451
Pounds of Active Ingredient Used
Public Agency Pest Control: Public Health
• 12% of the total reported non-agricultural pesticide use in CA
• In 2003, > 50% of the pesticides applied were oils
• As a result of the West Nile Virus, it is expected that insecticide use will increase
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Public Agency Pest Control: Public Health
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
lbs
of
act
ive in
gre
die
nt
Sacramento
San Diego
Orange
Trends in Public Health Pesticide Use (1993- 2003)
Public Agency Pest Control: Regulatory Pest Control
Of the total non-agricultural pesticide use in CA, in 2003 only 1% was reported under this category
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Lbs
of Act
ive I
ngre
die
nt
Applie
d
Sacramento County
San Diego County
Orange County
Pesticide Use Trends
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Conclusions
• The PUR database is valuable tool; however, it only represents a fraction of total urban pesticide use
• PUR data is generally reliable for structural pest control and public agency pest control
• Structural pest control accounts for over 90% of the total reported insecticide use
Research funded by the California Department of Pesticide Regulation
Contract 02-0198CUrban Insecticide Users Outreach
Strategy Development Study
Special thanks to Nan Singhasemanon and my thesis committee
Acknowledgements
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Report will be available this spring on DPR’s website: http://www.cdpr.ca.gov
Additional information:Nila Kreidich- [email protected] Louise Flint- [email protected]
THANK YOUTHANK YOU