Tracking National Agricultural Research Investments in Developing Countries: ASTI’s experiences
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Tracking National Agricultural Research Investments in Developing Countries: ASTI’s experiences Presentation at the GFAR/EIARD/GDPRD Stakeholder workshop on Tracking Investments for ARD, Berlin, 20 January 2012 Nienke Beintema Head ASTI initiative, IFPRI-Rome office
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Tracking National Agricultural Research Investments in Developing Countries: ASTI’s experiences. Nienke Beintema Head ASTI initiative , IFPRI-Rome office. Presentation at the GFAR/EIARD/GDPRD Stakeholder workshop on Tracking Investments for ARD, Berlin, 20 January 2012. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Tracking National Agricultural Research Investments in Developing Countries: ASTI’s experiences
Tracking National Agricultural Research Investments in Developing Countries:
ASTI’s experiences
Presentation at the GFAR/EIARD/GDPRD Stakeholder workshop on Tracking Investments for ARD, Berlin, 20 January 2012
Nienke BeintemaHead ASTI initiative,
IFPRI-Rome office
www.asti.cgiar.org
■ Introduction to ASTI and “ASTI+”■ ASTI outputs: Focus on Africa■ Dissemination activities■ Main challenges
Outline of presentation
www.asti.cgiar.org
■ Collects national-level investment and capacity dataon agricultural R&D:• Focused on developing countries• Institutional survey rounds (primary data)
■ Aim is to provide:• Trends over time at country and regional levels.
• Comparisons across countries and regions
■ Collaborative network with large number of national, regional and international partners; led by IFPRI
General objectives
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■ Based on internationally accepted definitions and statistical procedures for compiling S&T statistics (OECD’s Frascati Manual)
■ This facilitates comparisons of ASTI datasets with other relevant S&T datasets
■ FAO definition of agriculture: crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries, natural resources, etc.
■ Measure who is performing agricultural R&D
How data is collected
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■ Typically in close collaboration with the main agricultural research institutes or, in a few cases, with consultants
■ National partners coordinate survey implementation, and coauthor/co-publish country notes
■ Three different survey forms: one for government agencies/nonprofit institutions, one for higher education agencies, one for the private sector
■ Survey forms are constantly being improved/revised
How data is collected (cont’d)
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Data portfolio at country level
■ Agricultural R&D investment and human resource capacity
■ Institutional arrangements and changes affecting agricultural R&D
■ Funding sources of agricultural R&D■ Degree qualifications of agricultural researchers■ Female participation in agricultural R&D■ Agricultural R&D focus in terms of crops, livestock,
and other commodities, also themes
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Country coverage
■ Sub-Saharan Africa: 2008
■ South Asia: 2009 (ongoing)
■ Other Asia-Pacific: 2002-03 / GCARD2 activities
■ Latin America: 2006 / GCARD2 activities
■ Middle East/North Africa: 2002 / GCARD2 activities
■ OECD and China: external data
www.asti.cgiar.org
Current ASTI outputs
■ Country notes■ Regional and subregional reports■ Data in-focus sheets■ Datasets and country profiles■ Country/regional/other seminars
and presentations■ Analytical assessments■ Blog■ Workshops / Accra conference■ Press releases/media outreach■ ASTI website
www.asti.cgiar.org
■ Introduction to ASTI■ Expanded ASTI (“ASTI+”)■ ASTI results: Focus on Africa■ Main challenges & gaps
Outline of presentation
www.asti.cgiar.org
ASTI transformation andexpansion (“ASTI+”)
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Transformation from adhoc activity to a sustainable data collection system
■ More decentralized and regular data collection system by establishing a set of national and regional focal points (incl. development of an online work space / data management tool)
■ Will lead to closer linkages with national stakeholders, but also with specialists at regional organizations, other CGIAR centers, and other partner institutions
■ Will increase ownership of data by national partners, stimulate the use of the datasets for further advocacy and analysis, and secure continuity of data collection
■ Focus on Sub-Saharan Africa / South Asia, but system can be used for other regions as well
www.asti.cgiar.org
■ Introduction to ASTI■ Expanded ASTI (“ASTI+”)■ ASTI results: Focus on Africa■ Main challenges & gaps
Outline of presentation
www.asti.cgiar.org
Longterm investment and capacitytrends in Sub-Saharan Africa
Investments (and human capacity) in agricultural R&D increased by more than 20% during 2000–08.
Most of this growth was driven by just a handful of countries (mainly following boosts in salaries and rehabilitation of infrastructure).
In many other countries (particularly in francophone West Africa), investments have declined since 2000.
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Trends in agricultural R&D spending in the “Big Eight” since 2008
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
Chan
ge 20
08-2
010
(%)
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Investment challenge: Underinvestment
NEPAD target: Allocation of at least 1 % of GDP to R&D In 2008, Africa spent $0.61 for every $100 of AgGDP on agricultural R&D Despite an overall increase in recent years, Africa is widely
underinvesting in agricultural R&D
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0 20 40 60 80 100
Benin (INRAB)Burundi (ISABU)
Rwanda (ISAR)Burkina Faso (INERA, IRSAT, CNSF)
Uganda (NARO)Mali (IER)
Mozambique (IIAM, IIP)Eritrea (NARI)
Madagascar (FOFIFA)Guinea (IRAG)
Donors, development banks, and SROs Government OtherShare of total funding
Africa’s investment challenge: High donor-dependency
■ Many countries are extremely dependent on donor funding and development bank loans
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Africa’s investment challenge: Funding volatility
0
10
20
30
40
0
2
4
6
8
1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008
Billi
on 2
005
CFA
fran
cs
Burkina Faso
Million 2005 PPP dollars
0
9
18
26
35
0
2
4
6
8
1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008
Billi
on 2
005
CFA
fran
cs
Niger
Million 2005 PPP dollars
0.0
0.8
1.5
2.3
3.1
3.9
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007
Billi
on 2
005
CFA
fran
cs
Gabon
Million 2005 PPP dollars
0
83
166
249
332
415
0.0
0.3
0.6
0.9
1.2
1.5
1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008
Billi
on 2
005
rand
South AfricaM
illion 2005 PPP dollars
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Drivers of funding volatility in African agricultural R&D
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
Total
Donors and development banks
Sale of goods and services
Government
Volatility coefficient
Indicates that in many cases shocks in one funding source are to some extent absorbed by reverse shocks in other funding sources
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■ Introduction to ASTI■ Expanded ASTI (“ASTI+”)■ ASTI results: Focus on Africa■ Main challenges & gaps
Outline of presentation
www.asti.cgiar.org
■ Continued financial support
■ Coverage out of date for some regions
■ Boundaries of ASTI datasets
■ Which activities do and do not support R&D
■ Institutional diversity
■ Private sector coverage
■ R&D beyond the national level
Overall challenges
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■ Lack or slow response by agencies surveyed and increasing survey fatigue
■ Infrastructural issues (eg, geographical dispersion)
■ Difficulties interpreting and applying ASTI’s standards and definitions
■ Difficulties in constructing financial overview due to multiplicity of funding sources
■ Poor data quality / data management systems
Data collection challenges
www.asti.cgiar.org
■ How to make information available/known?
■ How to communicate to a diverse set of stakeholders?
■ How to enhance the relevance of ASTI information for national policymakers and R&D managers?
■ How to reach policy-makers, directly or indirectly?
■ Increase dissemination and use of ASTI outputs at the national levels
Dissemination challenges
Thank you
Please visit www.asti.cgiar.org
