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FACULTAD DE MEDICINA HUMANA

GRUPO N° 3

Medical English

PHYSIOTHERAPY'S TECHNIQUES

Integrants

ARANCIBIA CASTRO KRUZKERRY

DIAS GUEVARA EDUARDO

LOZANO BURGA YENNY

PEDEMONTE MURILLO ELKI

ROQUE VEGA KARIN

VENCES MIJAHUANCA MIGUEL ANGEL

Lambayeque, Noviembre del 2011

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ELECTROTHERAPY

Definition:

Electrotherapy is the use of electrical energy as a medical treatment. In medicine, the term electrotherapy can apply to a variety of treatments, including the use of electrical devices such as deep brain stimulators for neurological disease. The term has also been applied specifically to the use of electric current to speed wound healing. Additionally, the term "electrotherapy" or "electromagnetic therapy" has also been applied to a range of alternative medical devices and treatments.

It has not been found to be effective in increasing bone healing.

Electrical stimulation devices:

Several different electrical stimulation devices exist, each producing different frequencies, waveforms, and effects. Electrical modalities include:

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)

TENS users should experiment with various electrode placements. Electrodes can be placed over the painful area, surrounding the painful area, over the nerve supplying the painful area, or even on the opposite side of the body. TENS users need to try the unit for several days with several electrode placements prior to deciding if it will be useful. A home trial for several days to weeks is preferable.

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Interferential Current (IFC)

Interferential current is essentially a deeper form of TENS. In essence, IFC modulates a high frequency (4000 Hz) carrier waveform with the same signal produced by a TENS unit. The high frequency carrier waveform penetrates the skin more deeply than a regular TENS unit, with less user discomfort for a given level of stimulation. Deep in the tissues, the carrier waveform is cancelled out, resulting in a TENS-like signal deep under the skin.

Galvanic Stimulation (GS)

Direct current creates an electrical field over the treated area that, theoretically, changes blood flow. The positive pad behaves like ice, causing reduced circulation to the area under the pad and reduction in swelling. The negative pad behaves like heat, causing increased circulation, reportedly speeding healing.

Use of electrotherapy:

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The use of electrotherapy has been researched and accepted in the field of rehabilitation .

(Electrical muscle stimulation). The American Physical Therapy Association acknowledges the use of Electrotherapy for:

1. Pain management

Improves range of joint movement.

2. Treatment of neuromuscular dysfunction

Improvement of strength. Improvement of motor control. Retards muscle atrophy. Improvement of local blood flow.

3. Improves range of joint mobility

Induces repeated stretching of contracted, shortened soft tissues.

4. Tissue repair

Enhances microcirculation and protein synthesis to heal wounds. Restores integrity of connective and dermal tissues.

5. Acute and chronic edema

Accelerates absorption rate. Affects blood vessel permeability. Increases mobility of proteins, blood cells and lymphatic flow.

6. Peripheral blood flow

Induces arterial, venous and lymphatic flow

7. Iontophoresis

Delivery of pharmacological agents

8. Urine and fecal incontinence

Affects pelvic floor musculature to reduce pelvic pain and strengthen musculature Treatment may lead to complete continence

Electrotherapy is used for relaxation of muscle spasms, prevention and retardation of disuse atrophy, increase of local blood circulation, muscle rehabilitation and re-education electrical muscle stimulation, maintaining and increasing range of motion, management of chronic and intractable pain, post-traumatic acute pain, post surgical acute pain, immediate

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post-surgical stimulation of muscles to prevent venous thrombosis, wound healing and drug delivery.

OZONE THERAPY

It is the use of the ozone in the human organism, by means of different technologies, with therapeutic purposes.

What medical equipment is used?

Ionex:

It is the equipment of ozone therapy.

The charitable effects that this gas produces in the organism:

The ozone acts like antirust and inmunomodulador, the ozone acts like antirust and inmunomodulador, that is to say, it increases the defenses of the organism before external aggressions.

Also it increases the liberation of oxygen, increasing his transport towards the cells and improving this way the cellular function and the traffic general.

It is in addition the powerful germicidal one since, to the contact, it produces elimination of fungi, bacteria and virus.

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Ozone Therapy in Dentistry

It is possible to use in treatments periodontales, surgeries, stomatitis, dental decay.

The generator of Ozone in plasma in cold offers a wide spectrum of indications in the Odontologic therapy. One works of sure form, without pains, of rapid form and without side effects.

Other benefits of ozone therapy

It increases the blood irrigation. Action desintoxicante. It stimulates the fabric of granulation. It stimulates the cicatrization of the wounds,

which they treat more fast. It is specially useful for serious burns and of sores. It regulates the compounds of the blood Sedative

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ULTRASONIC THERAPY

Description

Ultrasonic therapy is used in physical therapy equipment produce high-frequency sound waves that travel deep into tissue and create gentle therapeutic heat. Ultrasonic diathermy is intended to generate deep heat within body tissues for the treatment of selected medical conditions such as pain, muscle spasms and joint contractures, but not for the treatment of malignancies.

The sound waves are transmitted through a round-headed wand that the therapist applies to the skin with gentle, circular movements. A hypo-allergenic gel aids in the transmission of the ultrasonic energy and prevents overheating at the surface of the applicator. Treatments usually last between five and 10 minutes.

Risks/Benefits

Ultrasonic therapy does not hurt (there may be a bit of a tingling sensation and/or a sensation of warmth) if the therapist keeps the wand moving continuously. If, however, the wand is held in place for more than a few seconds, it can become uncomfortable at higher energies.

Information for Patients

While ultrasonic therapy can be used to treat the conditions described above, it is important to know that there are situations and areas of the body where it cannot safely be used. You should notify the practitioner administering the ultrasound if any of the following applies to you:

You have a cardiac pacemaker.

You have a malignancy in the area to be treated.

You have a healing fracture in the area to be treated.

You are pregnant.

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You have an implanted medical device other than a pacemaker such as implanted deep brain stimulation device

You should also be aware that commercial ultrasonic diathermy devices may exist that have not been formally evaluated by FDA. Typically, these devices will claim to treat a range of diseases, disorders, and have other uses that are not covered in the description above (for example, to reduce wrinkles on the face).

Information for Professionals

Over the years, FDA has evaluated a number of ultrasonic diathermy devices. They are all capable of heating deep tissue to a therapeutic temperature range of 40-45°C for the selected conditions described above. However, there are various configurations with regard to energy output and applicator size. Furthermore, there may be instructions that apply only to a particular device. Therefore, it is important that you read and be familiar with the instructions for the particular device that you use. You should also be especially mindful of all contraindications, warnings, and precautions that apply to the device.

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CASE REPORT

WITH OZONO THERAPY

SEX: MALE

AGE: 29 YEARS

DIAGNOSIS: Lumbar disc hernia (L5 - S1) extruding

SYMPTOMS: Severe lumbosacral pain radiating to right leg

TREATMENTS WITH NEGATIVE RESULTS:

Immobilization (corset) Kinesiology Antineuríticos Inflammatory Analgesics Block

OZONE THERAPY RESULTS:

Clinical results:

Significant pain relief Remission of symptoms Better Mobility Decreased paresthesia (tingling and numbness of the right leg)

Radiologic findings:

Significant reduction in MRI extruded hernia

End result: Patient painless after completion of treatment resumed his normal activities.

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MRI BEFORE AND AFTER TREATMENT

Sagittal MRI

Herniated disc

Herniated disc

Cure disc

Cure disc

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WITH ELECTROTHERAPY

PATIENT: 63 years old

Hypertensive.

Treated with "hidrodona"

Appears one day with his mouth and an eye "twisted" but no pain, just not felt the touch.

DIAGNOSIS: cold paralysis.

You will be given cortisone.

The diagnosis was wrong because within twenty-four hours following a spill on her nose and is twenty-two blood pressure.

Facial paralysis was due to a cardiovascular problem and not cold.

TREATMENT:

On the second day of passing the electrode through the affected area and the other side of the head begins to be sensitive in the facial area paralyzed. (Noticed while shaving).

The fourth session begins to feel heat in the area through which the electrode is applied, advances it’s dramatically improved.

The plate can be applied to the neck, but always in session not exceeding 20 minutes at low intensity.