Toyota’s Safety Initiatives · Toyota’s Safety Initiatives ... Accidents in JapanAccident...
Transcript of Toyota’s Safety Initiatives · Toyota’s Safety Initiatives ... Accidents in JapanAccident...
Toyota’s Safety InitiativesToyota’s Safety Initiatives
July 2011July 2011Toyota Motor CorporationToyota Motor Corporation
Toyota’s Safety Initiatives
Integrated Three Part Initiative Pursuit of “Real world safety”Integrated Three Part Initiative Pursuit of “Real world safety”
Approach Approach
Our ultimate goal: Zero traffic fatalities and injuriesOur ultimate goal: Zero traffic fatalities and injuries
GoalGoal
Integrated Safety Management ConceptIntegrated Safety Management Concept
Concept Concept
Safe and Responsible Ways of Moving PeopleSafe and Responsible Ways of Moving People
Integrated Three Part Initiative
Development of Safety Technologies1970~19891970~1989 1990~19991990~1999 2000~20102000~2010
◆ ABS(1971)
◆ ABS(1971)
◆TRC (1987)
◆TRC (1987)
◆VSC (1995) ◆VSC (1995) ◆VDIM (2005) ◆VDIM (2005)
◆PCS with pedestriadetection feature
(2006)
◆PCS with pedestriandetection feature
(2006) ◆ PCS
(millimeter-wave radartype) (2003)
◆ PCS (millimeter-wave radar
type) (2003) ◆ AHB (2009) ◆ AHB (2009)
◆ Discharged Head Lamp (1996)
◆ Discharged Head Lamp (1996)
◆Airbags (1989) ◆Airbags (1989)
◆High Strength CabinCompartment (1987)
◆High Strength CabinCompartment (1987)
◆GOA (1995) ◆GOA (1995)
◆Curtain shield air bags (1998) ◆Curtain shield air bags (1998)
◆Pedestrian Injury-ReducingBody (2001)
◆Pedestrian Injury-ReducingBody (2001)
Act
ive
Saf
ety
Act
ive
Saf
ety
Pas
sive
Saf
ety
Pas
sive
Saf
ety ◆Knee airbags (2002) ◆Knee airbags (2002)
Anti-Lock brake system
Traction Controlsystem
Viecle StabilityControl
Pre-collision system
Vehicle Dynamic Integrated Management
Pursuit of Real-world Safety
Pursuit of Real-world Safety
Crash investigationand analysis
SimulationsVehicle development & testing
Higashi Fuji collision test facility
280m [820FT]190m [625FT]
Accident Recreation: Collision test facilityAccident Recreation: Collision test facility
Car to car collision testBarrier collision testRollover testComponent testConduct 1,600 Tests per Year
TOYOTA (3 Locations), TOYOTA Group
Accident Recreation: Driving SimulatorAccident Recreation: Driving Simulator
Research on Driver BehaviorResearch on Driver Behavior-Analysis of driving characteristics -Verification of the effectiveness
of safety equipment
Highly realistic simulation through the use of 360-degree high-definition computer graphicsHighly realistic simulation through the use of 360-degree high-definition computer graphics
The actions that could lead to accidents are repeatedly and realistically recreated under the same conditions.
World-leading range of movement World-leading range of movement
Accident Recreation: Driving SimulatorAccident Recreation: Driving Simulator
Operation of Pre-Collision System Results of Forecasts Made using a Driving Simulator
(30 male and female test subjects aged 20 to 60 years)(From Toyota’s ACAT Project)
Warning only+ Pre-collision Brake Assist+ Pre-collision Seatbelts
Deceleration
0
-10
-20
-30
(km/h)
Pedestrian
Possibility of
Collision Detected
High Collision Risk
Avoidance Impossible
Collision
A BC
Elapsed time
Warning
A Pre-collision Brake Assist on standby
B Pre-collision Brake Assist operated
C Pre-collision seat belt operated
Verifying the Effectiveness of Pre-Collision System (PCS)Verifying the Effectiveness of Pre-Collision System (PCS)
Accident Recreation: Examples of Driving Simulator UseAccident Recreation: Examples of Driving Simulator Use
Average speed
reduction:
21 km/h
THUMS* Understanding the Mechanisms of InjuriesTHUMS* Understanding the Mechanisms of Injuries*Total Human Model for Safety
Analyzing the Mechanisms of Internal Injuries During CollisionsAnalyzing the Mechanisms of Internal Injuries During CollisionsIn addition to bones and the brain, internal organs have been incorporated in detail in the model, making it possible to analyze internal injuries.
In addition to bones and the brain, internal organs have been incorporated in detail in the model, making it possible to analyze internal injuries.
Co-development with Toyota central R&D labs.THUMS Ver. 4 released in fall of 2010
Ventral CavityInternal Organs
<Breakdown of Fatal Traffic Accidents><Breakdown of Fatal Traffic Accidents>
0
1,5301,530
259259 252252
513513643643
Rear-end collisionRight turn
Two-vehicle collision
Intersection accidents
Lane Departure
Lane Departure
PedestrianPedestrian
1,3611,361(Accidents)
1,6001,400
1,2001,000
800
600
400
200
Source: The National Police Agency’s 2010 Report on Fatal Traffic Accident Characteristics and Road Traffic Law Violations
Accident Analysis: Accidents in JapanAccident Analysis: Accidents in Japan
Accidents Involving Pedestrians and Lane Departure are Key IssuesAccidents Involving Pedestrians and Lane Departure are Key Issues
<Breakdown of Fatal Traffic Accidents><Breakdown of Fatal Traffic Accidents>
0
1,5301,530
259259 252252
513513643643
Rear-end collisionRight turn
Two-vehicle collision
Intersection accidents
Lane Departure
Lane Departure
PedestrianPedestrian
1,3611,361(Accidents)
1,6001,400
1,2001,000
800
600
400
200
Source: The National Police Agency’s 2010 Report on Fatal Traffic Accident Characteristics and Road Traffic Law Violations
Accidents Involving SeniorsAccidents Involving Seniors
The number of traffic fatalities is declining, but the number of accidents involving seniors is flatThe number of traffic fatalities is declining, but the number of accidents involving seniors is flat
<Change in Fatal Accidents to Drivers and Passenger (by age)><Change in Fatal Accidents to Drivers and Passenger (by age)>
Changes in the num
ber of fatalitiesC
hanges in the number of fatalities
1.401.40
0.000.00
0.200.20
0.400.40
0.600.60
0.800.80
1.001.00
1.201.20
(Year)(Year)9898’’ 0101’’9999’’ 0202’’ 0303’’ 0505’’ 0707’’0606’’ 0808’’ 0909’’0404’’
24 years and younger24 years and younger
25 – 64 years old25 – 64 years old
65 years and older65 years and older
Day
Night 69%Night 69%
<Pedestrian fatalities><Pedestrian fatalities>
Characteristics of Accidents Involving PedestriansCharacteristics of Accidents Involving Pedestrians
<Direction of Crossing When Accidents Occur><Direction of Crossing When Accidents Occur>
DayDay NightNight
100
80
60
40
20
0
100
80
60
40
20
0
(%)(%)
Direction of pedestrian crossing when vehicle is driving straight
Direction of pedestrian crossing when vehicle is driving straight
Source: The 2009 Report on Fatal Traffic Accident Characteristics and Road Traffic Law Violations
Left to Right
Right to LeftRight to Left
When another vehicle approaches from the opposite direction, the lights automatically switch from high to low beamsWhen another vehicle approaches from the opposite direction, the lights automatically switch from high to low beams
Automatic High Beams Introduced in Products(Starting with the 2009 LS)
Automatic High Beams Introduced in Products(Starting with the 2009 LS)
Maintaining Visibility at Night
is Crucial
Pedestrian
Low Beam
Pedestrian
Pedestrian
Your vehicleYour vehicle
High beam
Oncoming vehicleOncoming vehicle
Adaptive Driving Beam (ADB)Adaptive Driving Beam (ADB)When another vehicle approaches from the opposite direction, the light of the high beam is partially blocked out to help prevent dazzling the driver of the oncoming vehicle.
When another vehicle approaches from the opposite direction, the light of the high beam is partially blocked out to help prevent dazzling the driver of the oncoming vehicle.
Area where the high beam light is partially blocked out
Area where the high beam light is partially blocked out
Adaptive Driving Beam (ADB)Adaptive Driving Beam (ADB)
Pedestrian Injury-Reducing Body (Evolving GOA)Pedestrian Injury-Reducing Body (Evolving GOA)
Impact-absorbing bumperImpact-absorbing bumper
Corrugated hood inner panelCorrugated hood inner panel
Use of crushable components around the cowl Use of crushable components around the cowl
Impact-absorbing fender bracketsImpact-absorbing fender brackets
Pop-up hood
Pedestrian collision detection sensor(Pressure chamber and pressure sensors)
Head im
pact (G)
Head im
pact (G)
Time
Time
When not activatedWhen activatedWhen not activatedWhen activated
Pop-up Hood (Evolving GOA)Pop-up Hood (Evolving GOA)
Pedestrian Detection: Pre-Collision System (PCS)Pedestrian Detection: Pre-Collision System (PCS)
Pre-Collision System
Pedestrian
Possibility of
Collision Detected
High Collision Risk
Avoidance Impossible
Collision
A BC
A
B
C
Pre-collision Brake Assist on standby
Pre-collision Brake Assist operated
Pre-collision seat belt operated
Elapsed time
Pre-collision Brake AssistPre-collision Brake
Stereo camera
Millimeter-wave radar
Warning
Pedestrian Detection: Pre-Collision System (PCS)Pedestrian Detection: Pre-Collision System (PCS)
Source: ITARDAInfoNo.82
Intersectionaccidents
14%
Rear-endcollisions
9%
Other18%
Breakdown ofFatal Accidents
to Drivers and Passengers
Structures30%
Structures30%
Head-on collisions29%
Head-on collisions29%
Approx.60%
<Breakdown of Fatal Accidents to Drivers and Passenger><Breakdown of Fatal Accidents to Drivers and Passenger>
Characteristics of Lane Departure AccidentsCharacteristics of Lane Departure Accidents
Collisions with structures and head-on collisions occur in 60% of accidents attributable to lane departure Collisions with structures and head-on collisions occur in 60% of accidents attributable to lane departure
Accident mode Collision with object (single vehicle)Collision with object (single vehicle) Head-on collisionsHead-on collisions
Guard rail Guard rail Utility pole Utility pole Roadside treeRoadside tree White line White line
Oncoming vehicleOncoming vehicleWhite line White line
Object to berecognized
Lane Departure
Response to Lane Departure AccidentsResponse to Lane Departure Accidents
1.Detect object to be recognized 1.Detect object to be recognized
2.Provide a warning and change the vehicle direction by automaticallysteering and applying the brakesto avoid the collision
2.Provide a warning and change the vehicle direction by automaticallysteering and applying the brakesto avoid the collision
Responses to Lane Departure AccidentsResponses to Lane Departure Accidents
Source: Results of the Survey of Senior Drivers by the Governor’s Associationfor Promoting Development of Senior Friendly Vehicles
It is hard to turn my back or neck when backing up,and it’s hard to see behind the car
It is hard to turn my back or neck when backing up,and it’s hard to see behind the car
It is hard to judge the car widthor the distance between cars
It is hard to judge the car widthor the distance between cars
It is hard to see or glaring at night, in the rain, at tunnel entrances, etc.It is hard to see or glaring at night, in the rain, at tunnel entrances, etc.
It is difficult to pull out from stores on to the roadIt is difficult to pull out from stores on to the road
I avoid making right turns when possible I avoid making right turns when possible
0 10080604020 (%)
10,856 responsesfrom
35 prefectures
10,856 responsesfrom
35 prefectures
- the proximity of moving objects- pedestrians in blind spots- the proximity of moving objects- pedestrians in blind spots
Response to Accidents Involving Senior DriversResponse to Accidents Involving Senior Drivers
Results of a Survey of Senior DriversResults of a Survey of Senior Drivers
Rearview Monitor and All-Direction Monitorthat provide a warning about:Rearview Monitor and All-Direction Monitorthat provide a warning about:
Beep
Response to Accidents Involving Senior DriversResponse to Accidents Involving Senior Drivers
Response to Acute Changes in the Driver’s Physical ConditionResponse to Acute Changes in the Driver’s Physical Condition
Electro-cardiac sensors
Predict the risk of a cardiovascular abnormality occurring
Predict the risk of a cardiovascular abnormality occurring
- Call an ambulance- Application to braking systems
Sudden change in
physical condition SuddenattackSuddenattackWarning signs
Detect Signsof Heart Failure
Integrated Safety
Management Concept
Active Safety
Passive Safety
Product Safety
Direction of Future Safety TechnologiesDirection of Future Safety Technologies
Automotive TechnologiesDesigned to
Achieve Zero Injuries and Fatalities
Driving information & support Accident warning & avoidance Damage mitigation Passenger protection RescueParking Active safety Pre-collision Passive safety Emergency
response
Back Guide Monitor
G-Book, G-LinkBlind Comer
Monitor
AFS
Lane Keeping Assist
Radar Cruise Control Distance warning
Lane Departure Warning
Night View
Network Linked Navigation system
Intelligent Parking Assist
VDIM Brake Assist
Rear-end Pre-collision System
Seatbelts, airbags
HELPNETVSCABS
Vehicle-Infrastructure Cooperative System
Frontal Pre-collisionSystem
with Pedestrian Detection
Integration of individual technologies and systems Collision
All stages of application of safety technologies
Coordination of Safety System
Integrated Safety Management ConceptIntegrated Safety Management Concept
GOA
Pedestrian Injury-Reducing Body
Product SafetyProduct Safety
Product Safety
Ensure safety and Peace of mind by reflecting benchmarking and customer information to development
Reliability:Reliability:
Design difficult tofail/ break
Design difficult tofail/ break
Peace-of Mind:
Peace-of Mind:
Design taking customer
psychology into account
Design taking customer
psychology into account
Design that does not cause safety issues
regardless of customerusage/ operation
Design that does not cause safety issues
regardless of customerusage/ operation
Safety:Safety:
Integrated Three Part Initiative
(2005~)
Traffic Safety Education Activities
For Traffic Environment
Use of ITS TechnologyVehicle-to-VehicleVehicle-to-Vehicle
Vehicle-to-RoadVehicle-to-Road
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