TOYOBO CO., LTD. · 2019-02-05 · p-Aramid p-Aramid HM 0.1 SF=2 Creep Parameter Creep parameters...
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Technical Information (Revised 2005.6) TOYOBO CO., LTD.
Transcript of TOYOBO CO., LTD. · 2019-02-05 · p-Aramid p-Aramid HM 0.1 SF=2 Creep Parameter Creep parameters...
Technical Information (Revised 2005.6)
TOYOBO CO., LTD.
ZYLON®(PBO fiber) Technical Information (2005) Contents 1. Basic properties 2. Comparison with other high-performance fibers 3. Influence of twist on tensile properties 4. Creep properties 5. Thermal behavior
5.1 TGA Analysis 5.2 Isothermal weight loss 5.3 Strength retention after thermal treatment 5.4 Strength retention at high temperature with humidity 5.5 Effect of temperature on strength and modulus 5.6 Hot air shrinkage 5.7 Flame resistance 5.8 Combustion products
6. Light resistance 7. Chemical resistance
7.1 Organic mediums 7.2 Inorganic mediums 7.3 Seawater
8. Moisture pick-up 9. Miscellaneous 9.1 Compressive strength 9.2 Knot and loop strength 9.3 Thermal expansion coefficient 9.4 Heat capacity 9.5 Abrasion resistance between fiber and metal
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1. Basic Properties ZYLON®(PBO fiber) is the next generation super fiber with strength and modulus almost doubles that of p-Aramid fiber. ZYLON® shows 100°C higher decomposition temperature than p-Aramid fiber. The limiting oxygen index is 68, which is the highest among organic super fibers. There are two types of fibers, AS (as spun) and HM (high modulus). HM is different from AS in modulus, moisture regain and etc.
ZYLON®AS ZYLON®HMFilament decitex 1.7 1.7Density (g/cm3) 1.54 1.56Tensile Strength (cN/dtex) 37 37
(GPa) 5.8 5.8 (kg/mm2) 590 590
Tensile Modulus (cN/dtex) 1150 1720 (GPa) 180 270 (kg/mm2) 18000 28000
Elongation at break(%) 3.5 2.5Moisture regain(%) 2.0 0.6Decomposition Temp.(°C) 650 650LOI 68 68Thermal expansion coefficient - -6x10-6
2. Comparison of mechanical properties with other fibers ZYLON® has the highest tensile strength and tensile modulus among high-performance fibers.
Tenacity Modulus Elonga-tion Density Moisture
Regain LOI HeatResistance*
cN/dtex GPa cN/dtex GPa % g/cm3 % C
Zylon® AS 37 5.8 1150 180 3.5 1.54 2.0 68 650
Zylon® HM 37 5.8 1720 270 2.5 1.56 0.6 68 650
p-Aramid(HM) 19 2.8 850 109 2.4 1.45 4.5 29 550
m-Aramid 4.5 0.65 140 17 22 1.38 4.5 29 400
Steel Fiber 3.5 2.8 290 200 1.4 7.8 0
HS-PE 35 3.5 1300 110 3.5 0.97 0 16.5 150
PBI 2.7 0.4 45 5.6 30 1.4 15 41 550
Polyester 8 1.1 125 15 25 1.38 0.4 17 260
*Melting or Decomposition Temperature
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The stress-strain curves of ZYLON® compared with other high-performance fibers are shown below.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6Strain (%)
Stre
ss(G
Pa)
Zylon ASZylon HM
p-Aramidp-Aramid HMcopoly-AramidCarbon
3. Influence of twist on tensile properties ZYLON® is shipped with zero twist. A certain twist has to be applied in order to measure its correct tensile strength. These figures show the influence of twist factor on tensile strength and modulus for 555 dtex ZYLON® yarn. For different dtex yarns, optimum twist level can be estimated by using twist factor. Twist factor is defined by the following formula. Twist factor (TF) = 0.124 x (turns per inch) x (dtex)0.5
25
30
35
40
45
0 5 10 15 20Twist Factor
Stre
ngth
(cN
/dte
x)
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Mod
ulus
(cN
/dte
x)
Zylon AS 555dtex25
30
35
40
45
0 5 10 15 20Twist Factor
Tena
city
(cN
/dte
x)
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000M
odul
us(c
N/d
tex)
Zylon HM 555dtex
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4. Creep Properties ZYLON® has superior creep resistance to p-Aramid fibers. (Creep means a non-recoverable strain after prolonged static loading.) When a certain load is applied to yarn, recoverable strain (initial strain) and non-recoverable strain are observed. For ZYLON® HM, non-recoverable strain after 100 hours under 50% of breaking load (Safety factor (SF)=2) is less than 0.03%.
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000
10000000
Time to Failure(min)
Stre
ss(%
of b
reak
ing
load
)
1 10 102 103 104 105 106 107
Zylon HM19 years
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
0 1 10 100 1000Time(hr)
Stra
in(%
)
Zylon ASZylon HMp-Aramidp-Aramid HM
0.1
SF=2
Creep ParameterCreep parameters (slope of straight line in above figure) are compared with p-Aramid fibers. ZYLON® shows less than half of creep parameter of p-Aramid fiber. Creep strain is measured under 50% of the breaking load for each fiber. Note that the actual load applied to ZYLON® is almost double that of p-Aramid fiber.
Creep parameter under 50% of breaking strength
Zylon AS Zylon HM p-Aramid p-Aramid HM
3.2×10-4 1.1×10-4 5.0×10-4 2.5×10-4
Time to failure After a certain loading time, yarn breakage may occur. The above figure shows the relationship between time to failure and applied load level (ZYLON®HM). Based on the extrapolation, 107 minutes (19 years) of time to failure can be estimated under 60% of the breaking strength.
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5. Thermal properties 5.1 Decomposition Temperature ZYLON® has a 100°C higher decomposition temperature than p-Aramid fibers. Thermal gravimetric analysis charts in air and argon gas are shown below. The heating rate is 20°C/min.
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700Temperature(℃)
Res
idua
l Wei
ght(%
)Zylon ASZylon HMp-Aramidp-Aramid HMcopoly-Aramid
in Ar
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700Temperature(℃)
Res
idua
l Wei
ght(%
)
Zylon ASZylon HMp-Aramidp-Aramid HMcopoly-Aramid
in air
5.2 Isothermal weight loss A significant difference of weight loss behavior is observed at 500°C between ZYLON® and Aramid fibers.
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 50 100 150 200Time(min)
Res
idua
l Wei
ght(%
)
Zylon ASZylon HMp-Aramidp-Aramid HMcopoly-Aramid
500℃
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 50 100 150 200Time(min)
Res
idua
l Wei
ght(%
)
Zylon ASZylon HMp-Aramidp-Aramid HMcopoly-Aramid
400℃
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5.3 Strength retention after thermal treatment These figures show the effect of thermal treatment in air on residual strength. ZYLON®HM shows a little higher heat resistance than ZYLON®AS.
0
20
40
60
80
100
1 10 100 1000Time(hr)
Stre
ngth
Ret
entio
n(%
)
400℃ 350℃
300℃
250℃
200℃Zylon AS
0
20
40
60
80
100
1 10 100 1000Time(hr)
Stre
ngth
Ret
entio
n(%
)
400℃ 350℃
300℃
250℃
200℃Zylon HM
Strength retention after thermal treatment is compared with Aramid fibers at several temperatures.
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 200 400 600Time(hr)
Stre
ngth
Ret
entio
n(%
)
ZYLON ASZYLON HMp-Aramidp-Aramid HMcopoly-Aramid
250℃
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 250 500 750 1000Time(hr)
Stre
ngth
Ret
entio
n(%
)
Zylon ASZylon HMp-Aramidp-Aramid HMcopoly-Aramid 200℃
7
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 50 100 150Time (hr)
Stre
ngth
Ret
entio
n(%
)
Zylon ASZylon HMp-Aramidp-Aramid HMcopoly-Aramid
300℃
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 10 20Time(hr)
Stre
ngth
Ret
entio
n(%
)
30
Zylon ASZylon HMp-Aramidp-Aramid HMcopoly-Aramid
350℃
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 5 10 15 20Time (hr)
Stre
ngth
Ret
entio
n(%
)
Zylon ASZylon HMp-Aramid HMcopoly-Aramid
400℃
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 30 60 90 1Time(sec)
Stre
ngth
Ret
entio
n(%
)
20
Zylon ASZylon HMp-Aramidp-Aramid HM
500℃
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5.4 Strength retention at high temperature with humidity The strength of ZYLON® decreases in the condition of high temperature and high humidity. The residual strength after a 50 hours treatment with saturated steam at 180°C is 40-50%, which is between p-Aramid and copoly-Aramid fiber.
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 10 20 30 40 50Time(hr)
Stre
ngth
Ret
entio
n(%
)
Zylon ASZylon HMp-Aramidcopoly-Aramid
180℃
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 10 20 30 40 50Time(hr)
Stre
ngth
Ret
entio
n(%
)
Zylon ASZylon HMp-Aramidcopoly-Aramid
250℃
The strength of ZYLON® gradually decreases even at the temperature of less than 100°C in high humidity condition. ZYLON® fiber should be stored free from high humidity at normal room temperatures.
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 20 40 60 80 100Time(day)
Stre
ngth
Ret
entio
n(%
)
80℃
60℃
40℃ 80% RH
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Time (day)
Stre
ngth
Ret
entio
n (%
)
Room temperature andhumidity at warehouse40ºC 80%RH
Zylon AS 555dtex
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5.5 Effect of temperature on strength and modulus The relative strength of ZYLON® decreases from room temperature to 500°C. ZYLON® retains 40% of the room temperature strength even at 500°C. The temperature dependence of modulus is shown below. Even at 400°C, ZYLON® retained 75% of modulus at room temperature.
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 100 200 300 400 500Temperature(℃)
Rel
ativ
e S
treng
th(%
)
Zylon ASZylon HMp-Aramidp-Aramid HM
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 100 200 300 400Temperature(℃)
Rel
ativ
e M
odul
us(%
)
Zylon ASZylon HMp-Aramid HM
5.6 Hot air shrinkage Shrinkage (permanent) after hot air treatment for 30 minutes without load was measured. ZYLON® shows very low shrinkage as compared with other super fibers.
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
0 100 200 300 400Temperature(℃)
Shr
inka
ge(%
)
Zylon ASZylon HMp-Aramidcopoly-Aramid
1 0
5.7 Flame resistance ZYLON® shows extremely high flame resistance. In a vertical flame test (JIS L1091 A-4), char length is almost zero.
Zylon p-Aramid m-Aramid
warp fill warp fill warp fill
Char length(cm) <0.5 <0.5 3 2 6 6
After flame(sec) 0 0 0 0 0 0
After glow(sec) 1 1 16 16 2 2
LOI 68 29
Plain woven fabrics with 20's spun yarn
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5.8 Combustion products Generated gases at the temperature of 750°C were measured according to Japanese Industrial Standard(JIS). The amount of toxic gases such as HCN, NOx and SOx from ZYLON® is very small compared with p-Aramid fiber.
Temp. CO CO2 NH3 HCN HCl NOx SOx
Zylon 500 6.9 35.8 0.35 1.48 <0.01 0.15 <0.01
750 1> 2660 0.05> 0.57 <0.01 0.16 0.1
p-Aramid 500 107 1230 3.95 14.8 <0.01 1.00 1.40
750 112 2010 0.05> 25.1 <0.01 0.47 1.04mg/g
Decomposition gases at 500°C were also measured. In the process of glass molding or aluminum extrusion, cushion materials such as felt are heated sometimes up to about 500°C. The amount of toxic gases from ZYLON® was also small at that temperature.
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6. Light resistance The strength of ZYLON® decreases with exposure to sunlight. Light resistance of ZYLON® was evaluated using Xenon light weather-ometer. As shown below, the strength decreases sharply at the initial stage of exposure. End products of ZYLON for outdoor use have to be protected by covering materials. The residual strength of ZYLON® after 6 months exposure to daylight is about 35%.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 1 2 3 4 5 6Time (month)
Stre
ngth
Ret
entio
n (%
)
Zylon AS
Zylon HM
45°southOhtsu, Japan97/6 - 97/11
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 100 200 300 400 500Time (hr)
Stre
ngth
Ret
entio
n(%
)
Zylon ASZylon HMp-Aramidp-Aramid HM
83℃
Xenon wether-ometer
ZYLON® should be protected not only from ultraviolet light but also from visible light. These data show strength retention after exposure to fluorescent lamp.
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 200 400 600 800Time(hr)
Stre
ngth
Ret
entio
n(%
)
ZYLON ASZYLON HM
Fluorescent lamp (35W x 2)150 cm from lamp
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7. Chemical resistance 7.1 Organic mediums ZYLON® is stable with most of organic mediums.
Strength retention(%) after immersionfor 500 hrs at room temperature
Chemicals Zylon AS Zylon HM
Methylethylketone 100 99
Dimethylformamide 100 97
Methanol 100 99
Gasoline 100 95
Brake Fluid 100 96
7.2 Inorganic mediums Exposure to strong acids causes strength losses. However, ZYLON® is more stable than p-Aramid.
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 100 200 300 400 500Time(hr)
Stre
ngth
Ret
entio
n(%
)
Zylon ASZylon HMp-Aramidp-Aramid HMcopoly-Aramid
H2SO4 60%25℃
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 100 200 300 400 500Time(hr)
Stre
ngth
Ret
entio
n(%
)
Zylon ASZylon HMp-Aramidp-Aramid HMcopoly-Aramid
HCl 20%25℃
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 100 200 300 400 500Time(hr)
Stre
ngth
Ret
entio
n(%
)
Zylon ASZylon HMp-Aramidp-Aramid HMcopoly-Aramid
HNO3 20%25℃
1 3
ZYLON® is stable to alkaline at room temperature. NaClO (bleach) does not cause strength loss for ZYLON® at room temperature.
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 100 200 300 400 500Time(hr)
Stre
ngth
Ret
entio
n(%
)
Zylon ASZylon HMp-Aramidp-ramid HMcopoly-Aramid
NaOH 20%25℃
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 100 200 300 400Time(hr)
Stre
ngth
Ret
entio
n(%
)Zylon ASZylon HMp-Aramidp-Aramid HMcopoly-Aramid
NaClO 5%25℃
At higher temperatures, the strength of ZYLON® AS staple fiber decreases in acid and also in alkaline.
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 50 100 150 200 250Time(hr)
Stre
ngth
Ret
entio
n(%
)
Zylon p-Aramidm-Aramid PPSPBI
Staple Fiber10%NaOH 75℃
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 50 100 150 200 250Time(hr)
Stre
ngth
Ret
entio
n(%
)
Zylon p-Aramidm-Aramid PPSPBI
Staple Fiber5% H2SO4, 75℃
1 4
7.3 Seawater resistance Seawater simulation shows similar strength loss to high humidity condition.
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 100 200 300 400 500Time (day)
Stre
ngth
Ret
entio
n (%
)
Zylon ASp-Aramid
30°C3.5%NaCl
8. Moisture pick-up The moisture regain of ZYLON® at 20°C, 65%RH is 2.0% for AS and 0.6% for HM. The moisture regain of ZYLON® HM is far less than p-Aramid.
0
1
2
3
4
5
0 20 40 60 80 10Relative Humidity(%)
Moi
stur
e R
egai
n(%
)
0
Zylon ASZylon HM
20℃
1 5
9. Miscellaneous 9.1 Compressive strength The compressive strength of ZYLON® is much less than the tensile strength same as para-Aramid fiber.
Sample Critical Strain Tensile Modulus Compressive Strength
(%) (GPa) (GPa)
ZYLON AS 0.217 216 0.469
ZYLON HM 0.227 247 0.561
Aramid HM 0.633 118 0.749(Bending Beam Method)
9.2 Knot and loop strength Knot and loop strength of ZYLON® is 30-40% of its tensile strength. This is almost the same as p-Aramid fiber.
Yarn dtex Knot strength Loop strength
ZYLON AS 1110 32 45
ZYLON HM 1090 26 34
percentage(%) of tensile strength
9.3 Thermal expansion coefficient Coefficient of thermal expansion of ZYLON® is negative. The dimension along fiber direction decreases with increasing temperature. CTE of ZYLON®HM is around –6ppm/°C.
1 6
9.4 Heat capacity
9.5 Abrasion resistance between fiber and metal Abrasion resistance of ZYLON® is higher than p-Aramid fiber under the same load, but much lower than Nylon or high molecular weight polyethylene fiber.
0
30000
60000
90000
120000
150000
ZYLON A
S
ZYLON H
M
p-Aram
id
Polyary
late
Nylon6
Polyes
ter
UHMwPE
Cyc
le to
Bre
akag
e
Load : 0.9g/dtex
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
0 200 400 600 800Temperature (K)
Cp
(kJ/
kgK
）
Zylon AS
Zylon HM
Data from OSAKA Univ.Data from Toyobo
Dr. Kazuya Saito, et.al., Osaka UniversityJournal of Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys., Vol.38,p.1584
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NOTICE: The information in this brochure, to the best of our knowledge, is accurate and correct. However, Toyobo Co., Ltd. makes no warranty and assumes no liability whatsoever in connection with any use of this information. Users determine for themselves the suitability for their intended use of the material. The brochure is subject to revision as new information becomes available. The materials are to be stored free from exposure to light, high temperature and humidity. ZYLON is a registered trademark of Toyobo Co., Ltd. in Japan.
TOYOBO CO., LTD.
ZYLON DEPARTMENT 2-2-8 Dojima-Hama Kita-Ku OSAKA 530-8230 JAPAN Phone +81-6-6348-3130 Fax +81-6-6348-3413 http://www.toyobo.co.jp
F0739K(2005.6)
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