Toxicology SUPA FS Chem.113

CHAPTER 10

Toxicology

Toxicology of Alcohol R-OH

CH3 OH methanol

(methyl alcohol)C2H5 OH ethanol

C3H7 OH propanol

Ethanol ETOH H-C-C- O-H

Fermentation chemistry

C6H12O6   ===>  2(CH3CH2OH) +  2(CO2) +  Energy (which is stored in ATP) 

Sugar   ===>  Alcohol   +  CO2gas + Energy(Glucose)        (Ethyl alcohol)

Make alcohol : fermentationCarb + yeast --- ETOH + carbon

dioxide + waterSugar or starch may

be carb depend.On type: rum vodka

liquers, beer, wine

Alcoholic beverage = water + ETOH + flavors Flavors are called congenors Physical properties describe the substance:

ETOH is clear, colorless, no odor, its density

Alcoholic beverage = water + ETOH + flavors Flavors are called congenors Physical properties describe the substance:

ETOH is clear, colorless, no odor, its density Chemical properties vary, one is ‘Proof’ = 2X

the alcohol content, so 100 proof = 50% alcohol

Liquor is distilled after the fermentation process

Wine: fruit + sugar= wine w/ 12-14% alcohol Cannot add more sugar- yeast population

drops off- limiting reactants Beer- grain + starch same as above

Esters are congenors. Esters are chemicals in the organic group that have an R group of R- O-C-O- R

odiferous in nature Distilled beer= whiskey Distill wine=cordials and brandies Distillation process Brand determines alcohol

content- size of sample consumed is crucial.

Can of beer 12oz @ 4% alcohol= .48 oz of pure ETOH

Shot of whiskey 80 pf 1.25 oz @ 4% ETOH =.5 oz ETOH

Glass of wine 4 oz. @12 alcohol = .48oz ETOH

4 ways alcohol gets in system- Inhalation *Ingestion Injection Absorption

Ingestion begins in the mouth- saliva 20% of ETOH absorbed by stomach 80% of ETOH absorbed by intestine Rate of absorption dependent on food in 1.stomach 2.water concentration

Water and alcohol have affinity.Absorbed more readily in presence of water.

No natural levels of ETOH in body! Ingested with drink, mouthwash, NyQuill etc

Diabetics produce acetone- not alcohol- smells similar

Alcohol in body resembles combustion process

ETOH in water + liver w/oxygen --- acetic acid in cellsETOH + O2 yields CO2 + H2O + Energy oxidizes it to carbon dioxide +water + energy This is rate of detoxification SO alcohol is a source of ENERGY??

Measured in calories excess in fat storage Male: 68% water Female: 55% water- higher fat than males

Water found in brain, liver, muscle- Bones, fatty tissue, less or little water Female has increased alcohol content due to

less water concentration in body!

Lite= less calories, less fat Lo carb= carb removed in fermentation

process Carb makes head on beer- less head with low

carb

Alcohol – depressant of CNS Elimination of ETOH- 2 ways;

oxidation and excretion Breath, sweat, tears, urine Metabolism in liver – oxidation process- chemical reaction above involving

combustion

Distillation; a physical processa physical separation of components

based on boiling points

To distill beer to make whiskey or wine to make cordials or liqueurs must heat mixture

Substances separate by boiling point differences

Evaporate (gas) moves into condenser tube, cools and liquefies

Drops/collects into vial as distillate

Distillation apparatus

Check out the drink wheel on line

Widmer factor ?

Calculation of metabolic rate

See text book DO review

questions at

end of chapter