Toxicology of Textile Dyes

7/18/2019 Toxicology of Textile Dyes

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Dry processing mill

Woven fabric finishing mills.

mainly solid waste is

generated due to the rejects

of cotton

Through desizing, scouring,

bleaching,

mercerising, dyeing, printing,and packing

*C.O.D REDUCTION OF REACTIVE DYEING EFFLUENT

FROM COTTON TEXTILE INDUSTRY

B.V. Babu1*, H.T. Rana2, V. Rama !"#$na%, an& Ma$'#$ S$a!ma(

Dyeing is a combined process of bleaching and coloring, which generates

voluminous quantities of wastewaters and in turn causes environmental

degradation

These effluents consist of high TDS , BOD, OD, p!, olour, chloride, sulphate,

hardness and carcinogenic dye ingredients

!igh BOD in untreated wastewater can cause rapid depletion of dissolvedo"ygen if it is directly discharged into the surface water sources.

The high al#alinity and traces of chromium $employed in dyes% adversely affect

the aquatic life.

T&' T()& W* ST& +


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*n estimate shows that te"tiles account for - of (ndia/s industrial

production and around 01 of its e"port earnings.

(ndia is the second largest e"port of cotton yarn

2,222 garment manufacturers and 0022 bleaching and dyeing

industries in (ndia.

3a4ority are concentrated at &rode and Tirupur district of Tamil 5adu,

Surat in 6u4arat and )udiyana in 7un4ab.

*Recycling of Woven Fabric yeing Wastewater !racticed in !erundurai "ommon #ffluent Treatment !lant

$% Ramesh &umar, &% 'aravanan, R% 'hanmugam

T&' T() & (5 8ST9 (& S (5 (5 ( **


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absorb very strongly at wavelengths in the visible spectrum

are composed of polyaromatic compounds.

are resistant to biological degradation.

(#'

)+ acid dyes, )+ direct )substantive+ dyes,

)-+ azoic dyes, ).+ disperse dyes,)/+sulfur dyes, )0+ fiber reactive dyes,

)1+ basic dyes,)2+o3idation dyes,

)4+ mordant )chrome+ dyes, )5+ developed dyes,

)+ vat dyes, )+ pigments,

)-+ optical6fluorescent brighteners, and

).+ solvent dyes%

* Te3tile yes and yeing #7uipment 8 "lassification,!roperties, and #nvironmental 9spects '% :% &ulkarni, "% % ;lackwell, 9%


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TO'(O)O6:

O;

T& 'T()&

:&S+

*#nvironmental 9spects =f Te3tile yeing

E&")! +#- R C$!"#)"', Herriot-Watt University, UK


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What is 9cute To3icity>

'ingle or multiple e3posures in a short space of time )usually less than . hours+%

9cute To3icity of Te3tile yes

'kin ?rritation 'kin 'ensitisation

Reactive dyes can, however, cause problems in plant workers who manufacture the dyesand te3tile workers%

Fig8 $ono "hloro Triazinyl )$"T+

"ontin@@

ACUTE TOXICITY OF TEXTILE DYES


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&ffect of 9eactive Dyes

9eactive Dyes

A!uman Serum *lbumin

Dye > !S* con4ugate

yeBC'9 conjugate, which acts as an antigen% The antigen produces specificimmunoglobulin # )?g#+ and, through the release of chemicals such as histamine,

causes allergic reactions )Cunger, 55-D


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What is "hronic To3icity>

9 condition caused by repeated or longBterm e3posure to low doses of a to3ic substance

"hronic To3icity of Te3tile yes

Gon Henoto3icity Henoto3icity

To3icants must reach the G9 )which resides

in the nucleus of the cell+ in order for the

chemical to interact with the G9%

?t must possess the ability to interact

with the G9, usually by a chemical

reaction%

'o the to3icants must be able to transport

across the protective cell membranes%

Water solubility

+ The hydrophobic )fatty+ nature of the

cell membrane is impervious to the

hydrophilic waterBsoluble molecules%

-+ waterBsoluble molecules are generally

e3creted rapidly by a living organism%

Water ?nsolubility

ue to the insolubility , to3icants gets large size

particles E5% to - mm in the body which are not

transported across cell membranes%

Ee%g% !igments

$utagens

"arcinogens

Teratogens

hronic To"icity of Te"tile Dyes


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arcinogenic Dyes

9ctive species of most carcinogens, known as the ultimate carcinogen,

is an electrophile, #%

Gitrenium ion ER2N+carbonium ion ER-"A

"arcinogens attack a nucleophilic site in G9, which may be a carbon, nitrogen

or o3ygen atom, to form a covalent chemical bond

# A EG9 #IEG9#3amples

A &/'# , An)$!a0u"nn' &/'# , Ca)"n" &/'# , "3m'n)# ,A!ma)" am"n4 an& n")!4m5un , N")!#am"n'#, $/&!a"n'#

an& $/&!6/7am"n'#


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WaterBsoluble azo dyes most widely used by te3tile fabric ?ndustries

Water soluble azo dyes are produced the various metabolites %These metabolites onlyevelop the "arcinogenic #ffects%

;enzidine

$etabolites of ;enzidine

;ladder "ancer

;enzidine

A8O DYES


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9nthra7uinone dyes of the solvent or disperse class containing one or more primary

aminoB or methyl aminoBgroups tend to be mutagenic or carcinogenic%

isperse =range

isperse ;lue

isperse :iolet

*nthraquinone yes


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:& TO'( (T:

9(S?

*SS& SS3&5T


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S)'5# "n D/' T6"")/ R"#9 A##'##m'n)

!a@ard (dentification

&" po sur e * sse ssment

os eA9 es pon se *ssessme nt

9is # harac ter i@a tion

D:& TO'((T: 9(S? *SS&SS3&5T


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To "i cit y of t he *@o ye 3et hyl 9ed to

6uppy fi sh

$

7o ec il ia et icu lat a

7eters%


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(mpact of Te"tile Dye (ndustry &ffluent on the 5eurosecretory ells

in ;resh Water ;emale rab Spiralothelphusa hydrodroma $!erbst% +

The effluent was collected in sterile polythene containers and

stored at room temperature analyzed once in five days for about 0times in a month%

?n the e3perimental female crab S. hydrodroma that were e3posed to te3tile dye

industry effluent )T?#+ at a sub lethal concentration E9 concentration of chemical that

does not kill an organism%)04%00+ in two differente3posure periods showed morphological and histological changes in the brain,

thoracic ganglia and eyestalks%

The acute 40 h


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"ontin@@%


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(5 8S T9 (* ) &; ;)8 &5 T * 5 !&* )T!

ST* T8S

* *S& ST8 : O ; 5O: :*) 9( &9

B*S(5

+

The Cealth 'tatus of the villages around the G=((9< river assessed through three medical camps

octors participated in the medical camps were able to identify the symptoms of waterborne diseases%

Cealth problems such asskin allergy, Respiratory infections, general allergy, Hastriti

andLlcerwere scanning among the villagers who attended the medical camp%

?t was medically accepted that the polluted water had significant influence on these diseases%

?t was assessed that oneBfourth of the villagers has any one of the listed of diseases% $ost of the

identified patients accepted that they were using either the river water or well water or both for

washing purpose, cleaning the cattle or fishing in the tank etc%

9fter realizing the ill effects of the water they started avoiding the use of it%

*INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENT AND HEALTH STATUS A CASE STUDY OF NOYYAL RIVER BASIN

D!. . G


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Im5a) : T'6)"7' E::7u'n)# n F!'#$ ;a)'!

F"#$

Mastacembelus Armatus'% &9RTC?(9G*, $%M9$;L


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Bioche mic al 7 ar amet ers O f )i ver ;uncti on (n * rtisan s

Occupationally &"posed To Cat yesC+Lsing convenience sampling techni7ue, a cohort of dye workers )nJ1+ with a

minimum of one year and a ma3imum of 05 years duration of e3posure

)mean J1%5- K %4 years+ were recruited in this study%

7lasma separated from blood samples stored at A02.

&stimation of 7lasma albumin , Total Bilirubin were done.

*ctivity of *l#aline 7hosphatase , *lanine Transaminase , *spartateTransaminase were estimated.

*B"$'m"a7 a!am')'!# O: L"Va) D/'#

O7u?a)#"n O. S/"n9a ,F!an"# A .A&'n"/"

D'5). : C$'m"a7 5a)$73/ an& "mmun73/ ,Oba:'m" A?7? Un"


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!hysico I "hemical Treatment for Te3tile ye #ffluents

?n '?!"=T ?ndustries

#ffluent Treatment !lant E#T!

Filtration $ethods E$F,LF

Reverse =smosis !lant ER=

$ultiple B #ffect #vaporator !lant E$##!

'olar ;ed #vaporation


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#ffluent Treatment !lant E#T!

ye water Treatment Wash water Treatment

#ffluents contain very rich in ye and

'alt solution%


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;low diagram of & T7

"ollection Tank


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9eration Tank

!rimary "larifier

'econdary "larifier

ual $edia Filter E$F


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8l tra ; il tratio n < 8; =

LF system is made by hollow fiber type model membranes

This system is automatically working with the following pumps such as8

P Feed water !ump%P ;ack wash !ump%P "hemical osing !ump%P "leaning !ump

The LF system is reducing micron size suspended particles as well as bacteria and viruses%

The outlet of the LF water have the pC of 1%/B2%5

T' level is varied from -555 ppmB-/55 ppm

Finally the outlet treated water is passed to the R= feed tank%


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9&&9 S& OS3 OS(S 7)*5T

What is Reverse =smosis >Reverse osmosis is the process of forcing a solvent from a region

of high solute concentration through a membrane to a region of low solute

concentration by applying a Cigh pressure%

Ro !lant used to remove the high amount of T' %


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;lo w d iag ram of @e ro dis cha rge in te" til e dyei ng uni t u sin

ad vanced trea tment

Gote8

&


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( S8SS (O5

"an we "reate the Hreen #arth 9gain>


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Toxicology of Textile Dyes

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