Toxemia in Pregnancy
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Transcript of Toxemia in Pregnancy
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Toxemia in
Pregnancy
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Toxemia in Pregnancy-a condition in which theblood contains toxins produced by body cells at alocal source of infection or derived from the growth
of microorganisms. Also calledblood poisoning. -an outdated medical term for hypertension
with proteiniuria during pregnancy.
-it is a serious condition and may affect the
pregnant woman during the second half ofpregnancy. It can affect 3% out of 8% of pregnant.
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Signs and Symptoms of Preeclampsia
Edema-one of the common symptom of toxemia involvesswelling in hands and face ,including the area of the face .But many pregnant woman experience edema withouthaving preeclampsia.
Sudden Weight Gain-it is a sudden weight gain thatamounts to more than 2lbs.in a single week.
Vision Problems-sudden visual problems. The severity ofthis symptoms can range from blurry spots to thetemporary loss of vision .Sudden changes in eyesight cansignal the presence of swelling in the brain.
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High Blood Pressure sudden or gradual increase ofBlood Pressure if B/P 140/90 or more than 20 weeks.
Upper Abdominal Pain-main experience painfulsensation in their upper abdomen. Watch for discomfort
or pain that seems to come from under your ribcage,particularly on the right side. This may seem to extendinto shoulder.
Proteinuria - excessive protein in urine. Damage vesselsin kidneys cause protein from blood to leak into urine.Decrease in urine output and changes in the color ofurine. Dark urine , reddish urine.
Headache-frequent bouts of throbbing headaches(migraine-like)that dont seem to go away. Specially
when you already had taken OTC medication.
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Rapid Heart Beat,Difficulty in breating , Mentalconfusion.
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Causes of Toxemia in Pregnancy(who are at risk
for Preeclampsia?)
woman in their pregnancy
woman carrying multiple fetus
woman over 40 years old
diagnosed of high blood pressure
teenage mother younger 20 years old
maternal history of preeclampsia and
woman eating disorder
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Medical discription
Uterine ischemia
Inflammation
Angiologies
Prostacyclin/tromboxane imbalance(ASA)
Insuficient blood flow to theuterus.
Excessive maternal inflammatory
response to pregnancy. Factors regulating the formation
of new blood vessels in theplacenta are over produced whichin turn affect the blood vessels
health in the mother leading tohypertension or kidney damage.
Disruption of balance ofhormones that maintain thediameter of the blood vessels.
Theories of cause of preeclampsia
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Endothelial activation
and Dysfunction
Calcium defeciency
Hemodynamic vascularinjury
Damage to the lining of theblood vessels that keeps blood
from clothing and regulateselasticity of the blood vessels.
Calcium helps maintain bloodvessels normal blood pressuredeficiency may lead to
increases blood pressure.
Injury to the blood vesselsdue to excessive blood flow orpressure.
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Existing maternalcondition
Immunologicalactivation
The mother has undiagnosedhigh blood pressure or other
pre-existing problems such asdiabetes, lupus sickle celldisorder , hyperthyroidism ,kidney disorder.
The mothers immune systemmistakenly responds as if
damage has occured to theblood vessels , and trying tofix the injury actually makesthe problem worse.
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Nutritional deficiencies
Obesity
Genetic tendency
Insuficient protein ,
excessive protein, fishoil, vit.D and other dietfactor.
Hereditarytransmission.
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How can affect the mother?
-Eclampsiais a severe it leads to seizures in themother.
-HELLP syndrome (hemolysis , elevated liver
enzymes , and low platelete count) -it is usually occuring late in pregnancy that affects
the breakdown of red blood cells , how the bloodclots , and liver function for the pregnant woman.
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How preeclampsia affect the baby?
-prematurity-Intrauterine Growth Restriction(IUGR)-reduce blood flow to the placenta restricts the supply offood to the baby and result in a shortage of food resultmalnourished an IUGR or SGA.
-acidosisthe baby survives in the womb by receivingnutrients and oxygen through the placenta. Preeclampsiacompromises' the placenta and the babys body begins torestrict blood flow to its limbs , kidney and stomach in aneffort to preserve the vital supply to the brain and heart.Should baby's oxygen reserve become depleted the baby's
body can extract energy from its fuel supplies withoutoxygen . However process generates lactic acid . If toomuch lactic acid build up the baby develop acidosis
become unconscious and stop moving.
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Death Stillbirths from eclampsia , babies die in uteroafter 20 weeks of gestation
Ongoing life challenges preeclampsia has been linkedto a host of lifelong challenges for infants born
prematurely among them learning , disorder, cerebralpalsy, epilepsy, blindness and deafness comes the risk ofextended hospitalization , SGA interruption of bondingin families.
- very high blood pressure affect the baby fromgetting enough blood and oxygen .This could limit yours
baby's growth or cause the placenta to pull away to soonfrom uterus.It also called lead to death.
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How to prevent preeclampsia?
use little or no added salt 6-8 glasses of water everyday Dont eat a lot of fried foods and junk foods Get enough rest
Avoid drinking alcohol Avoid beverages containing alcohol. Use of stress reductions techniques and medications
prescribed as needed
This is usually done if the pregnancy has done past 34weeks of AOG.37 weeks fetus ensure has the optimumchance of survival , because 37 weeks fetus is consideredfull term.
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How Treated ?
Rest , lying on your left side the weight of baby ofyour major blood vessels
Increase prenatal-checkup
Consume less salt Change diet to induce more protein
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