Towards Zero Pearl River Tower · WIND TURBINE GENERATORS Upper Tunnel 10 20 30 320 40 330 340 350...

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‘ Towards Zero Energy‘ Pearl River Tower Russell Gilchrist RIBA SOM Practice Leader Chicago USA Chicago, USA SOM © CTBUH Copyright

Transcript of Towards Zero Pearl River Tower · WIND TURBINE GENERATORS Upper Tunnel 10 20 30 320 40 330 340 350...

Page 1: Towards Zero Pearl River Tower · WIND TURBINE GENERATORS Upper Tunnel 10 20 30 320 40 330 340 350 0 1 10 20 30 320 40 330 340 350 0 1 Lower Tunnel 50 60 290 70 300 310 0.8 0.6 0.4

‘ Towards Zero Energy‘Pearl River Tower

Russell Gilchrist RIBA

SOM Practice LeaderChicago USAChicago, USA

SOM© CTBUH Copyright

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WHAT IS ZERO ENERGY?WHAT IS ZERO ENERGY?

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ZERO ENERGY BUILDING

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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“NET POSITIVE” ENERGY BUILDING

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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A HISTORY OF ELECTRIFIED BUILDINGS….THREE MEN THAT CHANGED HISTORYTHREE MEN THAT CHANGED HISTORY

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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18541854CRYSTAL PALACE EXPOSITION

ELISHA GRAVES OTISELISHA GRAVES OTIS

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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PEARL STREET STATION

18821882

THOMAS EDISON

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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J.L. HUDSON DEPARTMENT STORE DETROIT MICHIGANDETROIT, MICHIGAN

19241924

WILLIS HAVILAND CARRIER

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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SIMPLE MATH

ZERO ENERGY BUILDINGZERO ENERGY BUILDING

+ Elevators (1854)+ Elevators (1854)+ Electric Lighting (1890)+ HVAC Systems (1924)+ Electric Equipment (1928)q p

HIGH ENERGY BUILDINGHIGH ENERGY BUILDING= HIGH ENERGY BUILDINGHIGH ENERGY BUILDING=

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENTIMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT

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IMPACT OF BUILDINGS ON THE ENVIRONMENT

BUILDINGS

rbon

40%

Energy-useTRANSPORTATION

tric

tons

of c

ar

INDUSTRY

milli

on m

et

Source: US Department of EnergySource: US Department of Energy

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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RESPIRATORY DISEASE HAS INCREASED 50%HAS INCREASED 50%IN THE LAST DECADE.

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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The sulphur dioxide produced in coal combustion poses an immediate threat to the health of China's citizens, contributing to about 400,000 premature deaths a year.

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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CHINA: TODAYCHINA: TODAY

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With plans on the books to urbanize half the Chinese population by 2020, energy consumption will soar. City p p y , gy p yresidents in China use 250 percent more power than their rural counterparts.

The Nation (May 7, 2007 issue)

of P

eopl

eM

illio

ns

(UN Estimates 2003)

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

(UN Estimates, 2003)© CTBUH Copyright

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THE AIR WE BREATHE

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China is to build 400 coal-fired power stationscoal fired power stations over the next 10 years.

ONE EVERY 9 DAYSONE EVERY 9 DAYS

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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Asia is the world’s biggest construction market. China's real estate market has been booming, with investment in domestic real-estate projects rising to exceed $110 Billion Currentlyreal-estate projects rising to exceed $110 Billion. Currently, 50% of all new construction globally is happening in China.

Design Intelligence Sep/October 2009

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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PEARL RIVER TOWERPEARL RIVER TOWER

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PERFORMANCEPERFORMANCEPERFORMANCEPERFORMANCEPERFORMANCEPERFORMANCE

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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HIGH PERFORMANCE ARCHITECTURE ?

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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HIGH-PERFORMANCE ARCHITECTURE

• Regulate Pressure Differentials• Regulate Pressure Differentials• Maximize Visual Transmittance• Minimize Solar Radiation• Invoke Power Potential• Invoke Power Potential

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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DaylightingSTRATEGIES

Energy Efficient Equipment

Underfloor Ventilation with Radiant Ceiling

High Performance Facade

Wind Turbines

Photovoltaics

On-Site Generation

100%

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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FOUR STEPS TO OPTIMAL HIGH PERFORMANCE BUILDINGS

REDUCTION

PASSIVE ABSORPTION

RECLAMATIONABSORPTION

GENERATIONG O

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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FOUR STEPS TO OPTIMAL HIGH PERFORMANCE BUILDINGS

S 1

• R di t C li

Step 1

• Radiant Cooling• High Performance Glazing• Daylight Responsive Controls• High Efficacy LightingREDUCTION High Efficacy Lighting• Demand Based Ventilation• Low Discharge Ventilation• High Efficiency Plant

REDUCTION

High Efficiency Plant• High Efficient Office Equipment

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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FOUR STEPS TO OPTIMAL HIGH PERFORMANCE BUILDINGS

S 2• Chiller Heat Recovery

Step 2• Chiller Heat Recovery• Generator Heat Recovery• Exhaust Air Heat Recovery• Condensate RecoveryRECLAMATION Condensate RecoveryRECLAMATION

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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FOUR STEPS TO OPTIMAL HIGH PERFORMANCE BUILDINGS

S 3• Building Wind Turbines

Step 3• Building Wind Turbines• Integrated Photovoltaics• Geo-Condenser Cooling

PASSIVE ABSORPTION

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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FOUR STEPS TO OPTIMAL HIGH PERFORMANCE BUILDINGS

S 4• Micro Turbines

Step 4

GENERATION

• Micro Turbines

GENERATION

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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CHINA

• AreaTotal: 9,596,960 sq km qLand: 9,326,410 sq kmWater: 270,550 sq km

• Population

China

Guangzhou

• Population1,313,973,713 (est. July)

• ClimateHong KongExtremely diverse; tropical

in south to sub arctic in north.

- CIA World Fact book

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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GUANGZHOU CITY, CHINA

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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GUANGZHOU CITY, CHINA

• AreaTotal: 7,434 sq km q

• Population8,000,000 + New Town

• ClimateSub-Tropical

Pearl River Tower Site

Pearl River

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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CLIMATE & SITE

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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TRANSFORMED, INTEGRATED,

HIGH PERFORMANCE,

ENVIRONMENTALLY ENVIRONMENTALLY

RESPONSIBLE DESIGN

Pearl River TowerGuangzhou China

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

Guangzhou, China© CTBUH Copyright

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BASE CASE

2.2 million sq. ft.2.2 million sq. ft. Headquarters BuildingChinese Energy Code Compliant Building

20,854,997,467 Lbs of CO22

CO2 Molecule

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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CAPTURING SOLAR RADIATIONCAPTURING SOLAR RADIATION

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SOLAR RADIATION

Units1800+1800+

1720-1800

1640-1720

1560-1640

1480-1560

1400-1480

1320-1400

1240-1320

1180-1240

1080-1180

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

1000-1080© CTBUH Copyright

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BIPV ‘s

BUILDINGINTEGRATEDPHOTO VOLTAICSPHOTO-VOLTAICS

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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BIPV’s – EAST FAÇADE & TURBINE APERTURES

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

BIPV s EAST FAÇADE & TURBINE APERTURES© CTBUH Copyright

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HARVESTING NATURAL LIGHTHARVESTING NATURAL LIGHT

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ENTRY LOBBY- NORTH ENTRANCE

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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OFFICE AREAS

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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HARNESSING WIND ENERGYHARNESSING WIND ENERGY

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WIND ANALYSIS

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WIND GENERATION

P = V3

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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WIND TURBINE GENERATORS

Upper Tunnel

10 2030

40320330

340350 0

110 20

3040320

330340 350 0

1

Lower Tunnel

40

50

60

70290

300

310

3200.8

0.6

0.4

40

50

60

70290

300

310

3200.8

0.6

0.4

80

90

100260

270

280 0.2 80

90

100260

270

280 0.2

110

120

130230

240

250 110

120

130230

240

250

Tunnel Wind Speed (V/Vref) Approach Wind Speed (V/Vref)

140150

160170180190200

110220 140

150160170180190

200110

220

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

Tunnel Wind Speed (V/Vref) Approach Wind Speed (V/Vref)© CTBUH Copyright

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STATIC PRESSURE

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VELOCITY VECTORS

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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WIND TURBINE GENERATORS

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VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINES

+

Battery

-

Batte

+

ry

-

+

Wind Turbines Battery

-

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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WIND LOADING - CLADDING

Pressure Tap TubingPressure Tap Tubing

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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ON SITE CO-GENERATIONON SITE CO-GENERATION

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INSTALLATION OF MICRO-TURBINES

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OCCUPANCY COMFORTOCCUPANCY COMFORT

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SENSE OF SENSE OF WELL-BEINGWELL-BEING

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© CTBUH Copyright

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RADIANT COOLING WITH DISPLACEMENT VENTILATION

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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RADIANT COOLING & FLOOR-FED VENTILATION SYSTEMS

28

26

24

22

20

18

16

14

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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Radiant Cooling

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“INSIDE – OUT” RETURN AIR PATHS

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RADIANT COOLING WITH FLOOR FED VENTILATION (FFV)

85.0

84.0

83 083.0

82.0

81.0

80.0

79.0

78 078.0

76.0

75.0

74.0

73.0

72 072.0

71.0

70.0

69.0

68.0

CO1S02r – 0.3 cfm/sf, T = 31C (88F), 65F ceiling (base simulation)CO1S02r – 0.3 cfm/sf, T = 31C (88F), 65F ceiling (base simulation)CO1S02r – 0.3 cfm/sf, T = 31C (88F), ½ Return Air at PerimeterCO1S02r – 0.3 cfm/sf, T = 31C (88F), 63F Chilled CeilingCO1S02r – 0.3 cfm/sf, T = 88F, 65F ceiling, Chilled Ceiling at 55w/mCO1S02r – 0.3 cfm/sf, T = 88F, 63F ceiling, Chilled Ceiling at 55w/m

67.0

66.0

65.0

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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FAÇADE SYSTEMSFAÇADE SYSTEMS

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HIGH PERFORMANCE GLAZING & SHADING SYSTEMS

envelope asenvelope as thermal regulator

Solar energy is collected within the building’s double wall façade. The energy is transferred to the mechanical floors and is used as the heating for the dehumidification system

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

dehumidification system.© CTBUH Copyright

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DOUBLE SKIN FAÇADE

• Determine suitability of glazing• Evaluate optimal blind strategy • Identify ventilation strategyy gy• Quantify cavity flow rates• Underfloor Air Distribution• Radiant Cooling g• Assess impact on offices

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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SOLAR RADIATION [W/M2]

Nov 11Angle ~ 46º

Aug 08Angle ~ 77º Angle 46Angle ~ 77

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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HUMIDITYINFILTRATION AND CONTROLHUMIDITYINFILTRATION AND CONTROLINFILTRATION AND CONTROLINFILTRATION AND CONTROL

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STACK EFFECT INFILTRATION- SUMMER

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STACK EFFECT INFILTRATION - WINTER

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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THE PATH TO ZERO ENERGY

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THE PATH TO ZERO ENERGY

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Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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Base Case:

Design Case:2.2 million sq. ft. Headquarters BuildingChinese Energy Code Compliant Building

20,854,997,467 Lbs of CO2

CO2 Molecule8,759,098,936 Lbs of CO2

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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FOCUS:FOCUS:How do we balance a payback timeline with first costs?

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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ENERGY CONSUMPTION (KWH/SQM)

6

4

5

658% Overall Reduction

2

3

4

0

1

2

0Cooling Pumps Fans Lighting

Baseline Case Design Case

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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EFFICIENCY OF MATERIALS

21 Meters

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

Base Case Design Case© CTBUH Copyright

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5 Additional Floors(100,000 sq ft.)

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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IMPROVED NET TO GROSS AREA RATIO USING WATER BASED COOLINGCOOLING

8% Less Core per Floor

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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CUMULATIVE INVESTMENT IMPACT OF SUSTAINABLE MEASURES

500000Decreased Cost of EnergyI d R t f Additi l Fl

300000

400000

Increased Rent from Additional FloorsIncreased Rent from Floor Efficiency

200000

300000

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Payback Occurs in 4.8 Years

0

100000

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Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

YEAR© CTBUH Copyright

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SITE PHOTOGRAPHS SEPT 09

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SITE PHOTOGRAPHS OCT 09

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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CIVILIZATIONS LEAVE MARKS ON THE EARTH BY WHICH THEY ARE KNOWN AND JUDGED. “IN LARGE MEASURE THE NATURE OF THEIR IMMORTALITY IS GAUGED BY HOW WELL THEIR IMMORTALITY IS GAUGED BY HOW WELL THEIR BUILDERS MADE PEACE WITH THE ENVIRONMENT.”THE ENVIRONMENT.”

- NATHANIEL OWINGSTHE AMERICAN AESTHETIC 1969THE AMERICAN AESTHETIC 1969© CTBUH Copyrig

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Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

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