4.5 TOWARDS THEHISPANIZATION

OF THE NATIVES

Ifugao Bulul (Rice God)portrayed as a priestexaming a chicken's

gall bladder in a Ritual

When Spaniards came into the country they destroyed the carved if idols out of wood and stone.

Spanish urbanization was centered in the city of manila, within a walled city called INTRAMUROS.

THE LAZI CONVENT

Infrastructure showing the Spanish domination in the country such as massive colonial churches, churches, convents, schools, roads and

bridges, and the bahay na bato at kahoy.

Convent..

UNIVERSITY OF STO. TOMAS

School..

Roads and Bridges..

PUENTE DE ESPAÑA OR THE BRIDGE OF SPAIN

Structurally, the Bahay-na-Bato at kahoy also known as Bahay-na-Mestiza, perpetuated the pre-Hispanic Bahay-na-Kubo.

RIZAL SHRINE

Bahay-na-Bato..

The converging islands under a single administration was facilitated through “reduccion”.

Reduccion referring to resettlement of

inhabitants in spanish-style poblaciones.

The Spanish society always stressed "PURITY" of blood in societal rank.

1ST. ESPAÑOLES

Españoles Peninsulares

Spaniards who are born in Spain.

Españoles Insulares

Spaniards born in the Philippines who took important position s in the spanish

government in the Philippines.

2ND. MESTIZOS AND MESTIZAS

Filipinos of mixed indigenous Filipino ( Austronesian, Malay,

Malayo-polynesian)or European or Chinese ancestry.

Mestizos de Sangley Person of mixed Chinese and Filipino ancestry.

Mestizos de Española Person of mixed Spanish and Filipino ancestry.

Tornatras Person of mixed Spanish, Filipino and Chinese ancestry.

Person of pure Austronesian (Malay/Malayo-Polynesian) ancestry (natives).

Natives of the Philippines without Spanish or Chinese ancestry.

3RD. INDIO or Indios Naturales

The ceremonial splendor of the roman catholic church aroused the admiration of the natives. More

representatives of various religious orders such as Augustinians, Dominicans, Franciscans, and Jesuits

came to Philippines after Legazpi’s expedition. Consequently, the missionaries learned local dialects

and introduced the roman alphabet.

AUGUSTINIANS

Several mendicant Orders of friars, who lived a mixed religious life of contemplation and apostolic

ministry and follow the Rule of St. Augustine.

Augustine of Hippo

DOMINICANS

The Order of Preachers (Latin: Ordo Praedicatorum), more commonly known after the 15th century as the Dominican

Order or Dominicans, is a Roman Catholic religious order founded by Saint Dominic de Guzman in France and approved by Pope Honorius III (1216–27) on 22 December

1216.

Saint Dominic

FRANCISCAN

The most prominent group is the Order of Friars Minor, commonly called simply the "Franciscans." They seek to follow

most directly the manner of life that Saint Francis led.

Coat of Arm Saint Francis of Assisi

JESUIT

Ignatius of Loyola

The Society of Jesus (Latin: Societas Iesu, S.J., SJ or SI) is a Christian male religious order of the Roman

Catholic Church. The members are called Jesuits and are also known colloquially as "God's Marines"

TOMAS PINPIN

By the 16th. century, there were Filipinos like Tomas Pinpin who became conservant with the Spanish language.

The first Filipino printer and isSometimes

referred as the .."Patriarch of Filipino Printing."

He wrote the first published Tagalog book titled “Librong Pag-aaralan Nang Manga

Tagalog Nang Uicang Castila” (Book that the Tagalogs should

Study to learn Spanish).

Basic education was rendered by parochial schools, establishedprimarily for religious instructions. The first one was established in

CEBU.In 1582, Archbishop Domingo de Salazar ordered that every town

must have one school for boys and also, one for girls.

Archbishop Domingo de Salazar

By 19th century, The Spanish aristocracy tried to distinguish themselves from INDIOS with the use of

language and level of education. Higher education was established exclusively for the Spaniards and Filipinos.

Colleges and Universities were closed to indios.

In 1589, The first college for boys the COLLEGE OF MANILA later change to COLLEGE OF SAN IGNACIO. And in 1621, it

was named UNIVERSITY OF SAN IGNACIO by Pope Gregory XV. Unfortunately, This school was closed in

1768.

UNIVERSITY OF SAN IGNACIO

The Universidad de San Ignacio was a university in city of Manila in the Philippines founded in 1589.

Universidad de San Ignacio

Pope Gregory XV

In 1601, the COLEGIO DE SAN JOSE was established..

UNIVERSIDAD DE SANTO TOMAS

In 1611, the COLEGIO DE NUESTRA SENORA DEL SANTISSIMO ROSARIO was established by FRAY MIGUEL

BENAVIDES. Later named UNIVERSIDAD DE SANTO TOMAS in1645 by Pope Innocent X.

University of Santo Tomas

The Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas, The Catholic University of the Philippines is a private, Roman Catholic

university run by the Order of Preachers in Manila. Founded on 28 April 1611 by archbishop of Manila Miguel de Benavides.

FRAY MIGUEL BENAVIDES

The third Archbishop of Manila. He came to the Philippines with the first Dominican mission in 1587.

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN established to take care of orphaned Spanish boy.

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN

The Colegio de San Juan de Letran, Letran College, or simply Letran is a private Roman Catholic institution of learning

located in Intramuros, Manila, in the Philippines. The college was founded in 1620.

The girls also given special education. The schools were of two kinds: the COLEGIO, which is the regular school for girls;

and the beaterio, a combined school and nunnery.

Royal College of Santa Potenciana: The oldest school for young girls, its was established in 1589 by Philip II upon the urging of Manila bishop,

Domingo de Salazar, OP and the Franciscans

The COLLEGE OF SANTA ISABEL is now the oldest existingcollege for girls in the country.

It was built to care the spanish orphaned girls.Eventually, it became an exclusive schoolFor the daughters of affluent Spaniards.

In 1621, The REAL MONASTERIO DE SANTA CLARA was established.

REAL MONASTERIO DE SANTA CLARA

In 1694, The BEATERIO DE LA CAMPANIA DE JESUS was established founded by MOTHER IGNACIA DEL ESPIRITU

SANTO.

BEATERIO DE LA CAMPANIA DE JESUS

MOTHER IGNACIA DEL ESPIRITU SANTO

Also known as Mother Ignacia born on February 1, 1663 - and died on September 10, 1748 was a Filipino Religious Sister of the Roman Catholic

Church. Known for her acts of piety and religious poverty, founded the Congregation of the Sisters of the Religious of the Virgin Mary.

Primary education consisted of courses in reading, writing, arithmetic, religion, geography, history of Spain, Spanish

language, vocal music, and agriculture for boys and needle works for girls.

Academic reforms were later on implemented, after the Spanish government conceded to it’s growing demand. The EDUCATIONAL DECREE, DECEMBER 20, 1863 was

implemented.

EDUCATIONAL DECREE (December 20, 1863)

It liberalized access to education, which provided for the establishmentof at least one primary school for boys and girls in each town under the

responsibility of the municipal government. Also provided for theEstablishment of normal schools to train teachers. The decree also

Provided for the use of Spanish as the language of instruction,Starting at the elementary level.

The “Escuela Normal” for the training of male teachers for elementary instructions was delegated. Inaugurated in 1865, and in 1893 it became the normal superior.

Schools for the art were also built. Archbishop Juan A. Rodriguez founded the Escuela de Tiples in 1743.

In the late 19th century, the school was able to pattern it’s plan of study after the Conservatory of Music in Madrid.

Damian Domingo founded the academy of FINE ARTS, the first school of painting in Manila 1820, He is also known as the "FATHER OF FILIPINO PAINTING"

"FATHER OF FILIPINO PAINTING"

In 1824, The ACADEMIA de DIBUJO y PINTURA (ACADEMY of DRAWING and PAINTING) was founded.

In the 19th century, various technical school were established. Like the “School of Mercantile Accounting and Modern

Languages”.

COMMERCE was introduced as a three-year vocational course, with the “degree of perito”.

MECHANICS and other vocational courses were offered in secondary instruction leading to BACHILLERATO EN ARTES. - PERITO MECANICO or Mechanical Expert

- PERITO AGRIMENSOR

In 1860, The nautical school was opened upon orders of the queen. After four years the student was to board a ship. The

degree of PILOTO DE MARINA MERCANTE was to be given after it’s training.

The seeds of vocational education were sown by the early Spanish missionaries who taught the natives better methods of farming, the cultivation of foreign plants like indigo, corn,

cotton, and wheat, and various crafts like painting, carpentry, masonry and dyeing.

The early missionaries were also the first to establish a printing press in the Philippines.

XYLOGRAPHIC METHOD is the method of printing usingengraved wood blocks.

Doctrinal Christiana en lengua espanola y tagala (1593)

The earliest book printed writtenby Fray Juan de Oliver.

This catechetical book soughtto explain the importance

of Christ, Chastity and devotionto God in the Vernacular.

Beginning of 19th century, the "PASION" was the prevalent form

in print. Written in verse and chanted during lent, it depicted

the life and passion of Jesus Christ.

The first tagalog pasion was written by Gaspar Aquino de

Belen. It was published in 1704. Entitled "Ang Mahal na Pasión ni Jesu Christong Panginoon Natin

na Tola" . ("The Sacred Passion of Jesus Christ Our Lord that is a

Poem")

The second written pasion titled “CASAYSAYAN NG PASIONG MAHAL NI JESUCRISTONG

PANGINOON NATIN NA SUCAT IPAG-AALAB ANG SINOMAN BABASA”

(THE STORY OF THE HOLY PASSION OF OUR LORD JESUS CHRIST THAT SHOULD INFLAME THE HEART OF THE READER, CIRCA

1814) also known as PASYONG GENESIS.This version was edited by father Mariano Pilapil and published

by the Imprenta de Santo Tomas.

First half of 19th century, JOSE DELA CRUZ was the prominent poet in the oral tradition. His works are DOCE PARES DE FRANCIA;

BERNARDO CAPIO and ADELA AT FLORANTE.

De la Cruz was popularly known by his nickname, “Huseng Sisiw”. Jose de la Cruz (21 December 1746 – 12 March

1829) was a Tagalog poet and playwright in the 18th and 19th century.

CAPTION

PEDRO BUKANEG, The blind poet who wrote the popular Ilocano epic, LAM-ANG.

"Father of Ilocano literature."

FRANCISCO BALAGTAS also known as "PRINCE OF TAGALOG POETS“. Became popular with his poetical pieces particularly,

“Florante at Luara”

Francisco Balagtas y de la Cruz (April 2, 1788 – February 20, 1862), also known as Francisco Baltazar, was a prominent Filipino poet, and is widely considered as one of the greatest Filipino literary laureate

for his impact on Filipino literature.

Momentous feast and events like the arrival of a new Spanish official also meant stage presentations.

Comedia written by Vicente Puche s the first recorded drama staged in Cebu in 1598

Moro-Moro presents the Christian victory over Muslims in 1637.

Moro-Moro

End of 17th century, The first theater was established. the "TEATRO COMICO“

Turn of 19th century, ZARZUELA was always performed.

ZARZUELA is a spanish one-act opera with satirical theme became popular in the country.

Field of music, SAMPAGUITA by DOLORES PATERNO became popular.

Dolores Paterno y Ignacio (March 10, 1854 — July 3, 1881)was Filipina composer famous for the song

"La Flor de Manila" (also known as "Sampaguita")

Sampaguita(Tagalog version by Levi Celerio)

ISampaguita ng aming lipi,bulaklak na sakdal ng yumi

Ikaw ang mutyang piniliNa sagisag ng aming lahi,

IIAt ang kulay mong binusilakAy diwa ng aming pangarap,Ang iyong bango't halimuyak

Sa tuwina'y aming nilalanghap.

IIIO bulaklak, na nagbibigay ligaya,

O! paraluman, mutyang Sampaguita,Larawang mistula ng mga dalaga;

Ikaw ang tanging bituinHiraman ng kanilang ganda.

IVAng iyong talulot

Ang siyang tunay na sagisagNg sa dalagang puso'y wagas,Kayumian at pagkamatapat.

The first music teacher to win distinction in Philippine history was Geronimo de Aguilar, a Franciscan Missionary.

In 1811, The first newspaper "DEL SUPERIOR GOVIERNO was printed with Gov. Gen. MANUEL GONZALES DE

AGUILAR as editor.

In the field of science, The first scientists in the country were the friars. FR. MANUEL BLANCO also known as "PRINCE OF

BOTANIST. He wrote "FLORA DE FILIPINAS"

FR. MANUEL BLANCO

The “FLORA DE FILIPINAS” was published in 1837. This book

identified 1,200 kinds of plants in the country.

The first sundials were built in 1871 at TAGUDIN, ILOCOS SUR by FR. JUAN SOROLLA, a spanish Augustinian.

SUNDIAL

Father Marcial Funcia Ramos introduced the first iron printing press in the Philippines in 1847.

GEORGE OPPEL, Introduced lithography in the country in 1858.

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#MJHY’ x.x