Towards the decommodification of information: Why do we share information in new media?
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Towards the decommodification of information: Why do we share information in new media? BEHLÜL ÇALIŞKAN Research Assistant Marmara University Communications Faculty / Turkey [email protected] ECREA 2012 4th European Communication Conference 24-27 OCTOBER, Istanbul, TURKEY
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Great mathematician and the founder of cybernetics Norbert Wiener has said in 1950\'s that the fate of information is to become something which can be bought or sold. Clinching the argument of Wiener, commercialized information has become today the underlying development of the idea of \"information society\". The most advanced economies in the world today moved to an economy centered on information and cultural production. Concurrently with this shift, the emerging communication environment built on cheap processors with high computation capabilities, interconnected in a pervasive network paradoxically allows for an increasing role for nonmarket production in the information and cultural production sector, organized in a radically more decentralized pattern than was true of this sector in the twentieth century. Authors in internet publish their materials and share without requiring the help of established media and publishing houses which would require him to transfer his copyright to them. When we go online, most information is available for free. Other users are happy to share music, movies and software with you. People spend hours building websites which they don\'t charge you for visiting. What makes the new media into something new is the vitality of these non-commercial activities. In other words, new media made it possible today to reverse the process from informational commercialization towards the decommodification of information. The main aim of this paper is to discuss the efforts and methods in the process of decommodification of information. Assuming that information should be for sharing not for selling, the paper analyses the ways for producing and distributing nonmarket information. Finally, it presents the findings of the research about why do people share information in new media. The research investigates youth\'s tendencies and motivations to share information in new media, either created by them or produced by others as copyrighted goods.
Transcript of Towards the decommodification of information: Why do we share information in new media?
Towards the decommodification
of information: Why do we share information in new
media?
BEHLÜL ÇALIŞKANResearch Assistant
Marmara University Communications Faculty / Turkey
ECREA 2012
4th European Communication Conference24-27 OCTOBER, Istanbul, TURKEY
04/10/20232
ECREA 2012 4th European Communication Conference24-27 OCTOBER, Istanbul, TURKEY
The Networked Information Economy
TWO PARALLEL SHIFTS THE MOST ADVANCED ECONOMIES HAVE MADE1. Economy centered on information and cultural production→ Information (financial services, accounting, software, science) → Culture (films, music)
2. Communications enviroment→ Cheap processors with high computation capabilities→ Interconnection in a pervasive network → Removal of the physical constraints
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ECREA 2012 4th European Communication Conference24-27 OCTOBER, Istanbul, TURKEY
Principles of the Networked Information Economy
RADICAL DECENTRALIZATION→ Physical capital widely diffused and owned by end users
NONPROPRIETARY AND NONMARKET PRODUCTION→ Free access to the basic instrumentalities of economic opportunity
and the basic outputs of the information economy→ Peer production and exchange of information and through it of
information-based goods, tools, services, and capabilities
PEER PRODUCTION→ Cooperative and coordinate action through nonmarket
mechanisms that do not depend on proprietary strategies
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ECREA 2012 4th European Communication Conference24-27 OCTOBER, Istanbul, TURKEY
Decommodification of Information
KNOWLEDGE SHARING→Wikipedia → Google, Facebook, Twitter
PEER PRODUCTİON AND SHARİNG OF CULTURE→ P2P Networks→ Volentary payment systems
OPEN-SOURCE SOFTWARES→ GNU/Linux, Apache Web server→ OpenOffice, Mozilla, Thunderbird
WHY DO WE SHARE INFORMATION IN NEW MEDIA?
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ECREA 2012 4th European Communication Conference24-27 OCTOBER, Istanbul, TURKEY
FOUNDED IN 2006
→ 140,864 total users & 712,429 total posts
MOVİES & TV SERIES
→ 20,279 DivX & 190 DVD Movies & 4,896 HDDVD & Bluray Movies
→ 2,341 TV Series & 674 Animated Movies & 721 Animated TV Series
SOFTWARE
→ 1,708 Softwares
GAMES
→ 1,541 PC, PS2, PSP, Xbox & Wii Games
Sharebus.org6
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ECREA 2012 4th European Communication Conference24-27 OCTOBER, Istanbul, TURKEY
Methodology
RESEARCH QUESTIONS→ What are the motivations that encourage Sharebus members
to share?
→ What are the motivating/demotivating factors to share more?→ Why do some members not share and when they would
share?
DATA COLLECTİON→ Online survey – N=86
LIMITATIONS→ Limited sampling and respondent availability→ No interviewer
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ECREA 2012 4th European Communication Conference24-27 OCTOBER, Istanbul, TURKEY
Key Findings
→ Average age of participants is 28 and 93% of them are men.→ Almost all participants live in Turkey and 52% of them are
from Marmara area.→ 17% are high school graduate, 61% bachelor and 16%
graduate.→ 24% of participants are students, 58% have a job and 41%
earn monthly less than 1,000 TL.→ 74% of participants use commons, 46% share files in
Sharebus.→ Members on admin levels –the minority– share more and
often in Sharebus.
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SHAREBUS SHARİNGS
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ECREA 2012 4th European Communication Conference24-27 OCTOBER, Istanbul, TURKEY
Download Frequency10
A few in a day A few in a week A few in a month A few in a year Less0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
21%
34%
24%
12%10%
Median = 2.00
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ECREA 2012 4th European Communication Conference24-27 OCTOBER, Istanbul, TURKEY
Downloaded Files11
Foreign movies
Foreign TV series
Turkish movies
Documentary
Turkish TV series
TV programs
Animation movies
Games
Softwares
Far eastern movies
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
78%
59%
57%
43%
42%
31%
29%
28%
28%
27%
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ECREA 2012 4th European Communication Conference24-27 OCTOBER, Istanbul, TURKEY
Download Motivations12
Easy access
Free access
Easy archiving
Non-availability
Destitution
To be against copyright
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
57%
49%
43%
41%
34%
15%
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ECREA 2012 4th European Communication Conference24-27 OCTOBER, Istanbul, TURKEY
Sharing Frequency13
A few in a day A few in a week A few in a month A few in a year Less0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
10%
7%6%
16%
7%
Median = 3.50
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ECREA 2012 4th European Communication Conference24-27 OCTOBER, Istanbul, TURKEY
Shared Files14
Foreign movies
Turkish movies
Foreign TV series
Turkish TV series
Documentary
TV programs
Animation movies
Far eastern movies
Softwares
Music
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%
31%
22%
21%
16%
16%
13%
12%
11%
11%
10%
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ECREA 2012 4th European Communication Conference24-27 OCTOBER, Istanbul, TURKEY
Sharing Motivations15
Helping people
Free access
For fun
Encouraging to share
Personal satisfying
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45%
39%
22%
18%
17%
11%
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Motivating and Demotivating Factors for Sharing
MOTİVATİNG FACTORS
→ Appreciation
→ Sharing
→ Helping people
→ Cooperation
DEMOTİVATİNG FACTORS
→ No appreciation
→ Negative comments
→ Censorship
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Reasons for Not Sharing
WHY DON’T WE SHARE?
→ Lack of original content
→ Time
→ Selfishness
→ Internet speed
→ Copyright issues
WHEN WOULD WE SHARE?
→ Enhancement of sharing platform
→ Supply of original content
→ Time
→ Internet speed
→ Money
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ECREA 2012 4th European Communication Conference24-27 OCTOBER, Istanbul, TURKEY
Legal Issues18
File sharing on Sharebus is illegal.
No idea.
Access is denied to Sharebus website.
File sharing on Sharebus is legal.
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
57%
21%
15%
6%
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ECREA 2012 4th European Communication Conference24-27 OCTOBER, Istanbul, TURKEY
Future of File Sharing19
Disappear Lessen Same Become widespread Dominant economy0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
0%
22%
37%
34%
8%
Median = 3.00
COMMONS USAGE
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Shared Commons21
Film & Music (CD/DVD)
Books & Journals
Food & Drink
Technology
Games
Living place
Education
Skills
Working place
Social money
Parking
Clothing
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
49%
45%
35%
34%
27%
24%
22%
19%
19%
15%
12%
11%
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Sharing Motivatios22
Helping people
Encouraging to share
Sustainable Living
Destitution
Making Friends
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
59%
41%
30%
21%
10%
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Sharing Circle23
Close friends
Contacts
Relatives
Internet friends
Strangers
Sharebus contacts
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
54%
45%
40%
18%
17%
13%
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Motivating and Demotivating Factors for Commons Usage
MOTİVATİNG FACTORS
→ Sharing
→ Appreciation
→ Reciprocity
→ Helping people
DEMOTİVATİNG FACTORS
→ No appreciation
→ Damage
→ Commercial usage
→ Selfishness
→ Careless usage
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Future of Commons Usage25
Disappear Lessen Same Become widespread Dominant economy0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
0%
22%
39%
30%
10%
Median = 3.00
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Conclusion
WE SHARE BECAUSE:
→ Human are not selfish organisms.
WE SHARE MORE WHEN:
→ Others also share.
→ We are encouraged to share.
WE DON’T SHARE WHEN:
→ We don’t have anything to share.
→ People behave selfish.
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