Andrea Cimmino, María Poveda-Villalón, Raúl García-Castro

Ontology Engineering GroupUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain

Towards Semantic Interoperability in WoT Ecosystems

cimmino@fi.upm.es

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 688467

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The Web of …

2

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The Web of Heterogeneities

3

File storage

REST API

REST API

Database

Heterogeneus Access

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The Web of Heterogeneities

4

File storage

REST API

REST API

Database

Heterogeneus Access Heterogeneus Formats

CSV

JSON

JSON

XML

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The Web of Heterogeneities

5

{ "tmp" : "-2ºC","power" : "10Kw",”content": [

{ "type" : "apple"},{ "type" : "apple"},{ "type" : "orange"},

...] }

{ ”cold" : 268.15,“Kw” : 8,“Kw/€” : 50“objects” : 10

}

<caption><value> 3 </value></caption>

time,value00:20, 12.2900:25, 12.3000:30, 12.28

File storage

REST API

REST API

Database

Heterogeneus Access Heterogeneus Formats Heterogeneus Models

CSV

JSON

JSON

XML

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Index

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§ Bringing Semantic Interoperability§ The WoT-Mappings§ Semantic Interoperability Services§ Conclusions

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Bringing Semantic Interoperability

7

{ "tmp" : "-2ºC","power" : "10Kw",”content": [

{ "type" : "apple"},{ "type" : "apple"},{ "type" : "orange"},

...] }

File storageJSON

Heterogeneus AccessHeterogeneus FormatsHeterogeneus Models

Heterogeneity:

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Bringing Semantic Interoperability

8

{ "tmp" : "-2ºC","power" : "10Kw",”content": [

{ "type" : "apple"},{ "type" : "apple"},{ "type" : "orange"},

...] }

File storageJSON

Homogeneus AccessHomogeneus FormatHeterogeneus Models

Syntactic Interoperability:

Heterogeneus AccessHeterogeneus FormatsHeterogeneus Models

Heterogeneity:

REST APIRDF

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Bringing Semantic Interoperability

9

{ "tmp" : "-2ºC","power" : "10Kw",”content": [

{ "type" : "apple"},{ "type" : "apple"},{ "type" : "orange"},

...] }

File storageJSON

Homogeneus AccessHomogeneus FormatHeterogeneus Models

Syntactic Interoperability:

Heterogeneus AccessHeterogeneus FormatsHeterogeneus Models

Heterogeneity:

REST APIRDF

Homogeneus AccessHomogeneus FormatHeterogeneus Models

Syntactic Interoperability: RDF

REST API sarefWoT

sosa…

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HeterogeneusAccess,

Format, Model

Overcoming heterogeneity

10

Model1

Service

Datastore

<<exposes data>>

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HeterogeneusAccess,

Format, Model

Overcoming heterogeneity

11

<<described by>>Model1

Service

Datastore

WoT

WoTMappings

<<exposes data>>

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HeterogeneusAccess,

Format, Model

Overcoming heterogeneity

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<<described by>>Model1

Service

Datastore

WoT

WoTMappings

Client

SPARQL Resources Dataset

<<reads>><<reads>> <<reads>>

HomogeneusAccess,

Format, Model

<<exposes data>>

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Ontology overview

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07-VICINITY Ontology Slide 7

Datatypes

WebofThings

WoTmappings

VICINITYCore

VICINITYAdapters

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The WoT-Mappings

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Semantic Interoperability Services: Registering “Things”

<<described by>>

<<described by>>

<<described by>>

<<described by>>

Description Repository

…

<<stored at>>

<<stored at>>

<<stored at>>

<<stored at>>

Description content:- Description- Contextual data- Mappings

How to translate non-RDF data into RDF

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Semantic Interoperability Services: Discovery “Things”

DiscoveryServices

Agent

Client

Description Repository

…

<<discovery>>Onlysuitable

descriptionsareretrievedinthe

discovery

QueryResults

Ifquerydoesnotrequiretoaccessdata,theanswer

isprovided

1

2

3

4

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Semantic Interoperability Services: Distributed access to “Things”

Agent

Client

QueryResults

Afterdiscovery,Thingsendpointsareretrievedand

accessed1

Endpoint 1 Endpoint 2 Endpoint 3…

<<access>>

Onlysuitableendpointsareaccessed2

3

Description andfetcheddataarecombinedtoanswerthe

query

Homogeneus AccessHomogeneus FormatHomogeneus Model

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Semantic Interoperability Services: Distributed access to “Things”

Agent

Client

QueryResults

Afterdiscovery,Thingsendpointsareretrievedand

accessed1

Endpoint 1 Endpoint 2 Endpoint 3…

Heterogeneus AccessHeterogeneus FormatsHeterogeneus Models

<<access>>Onlysuitableendpointsareaccessed.Thus

theClientimplementsmechanismstoovercometheheterogeneousaccessof

endpoints(specifiedinmappings)

2

3

Translatesfetcheddatainto

RDFusingmappings

4

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WoT in our research

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WoT-Implementation

Projects:

Specifications:

Impementations:

Helio(mapping processor)

WoT-Mappings

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Conclusions of our approach

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§ Allows to transparently discover Things relaying on their descriptions

§ Performs a distributed access, if required, only to the suitable endpoints to answer a query

§ Provides a transparent mechanism to interact with heterogeneous environments of datao Mapping-based normalisation of access points,

format, model§ May follow any of the privacy policies required § Supports centralised or decentralised

architectures§ Based on WoT + WoT-mappings ontology

o Plus other ancillary ontologies like core, adapters, saref, …

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Thanks to all

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Achieving interoperability is not only about descriptions, butalso about providing mechanisms for automatic datadiscovery and access from heterogeneous data sources