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Towards Measuring Consistency in Transmedial Narratives - Jonathan Barbara - ICIDS 2015
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Transcript of Towards Measuring Consistency in Transmedial Narratives - Jonathan Barbara - ICIDS 2015
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Towards Measuring Consistency in
Transmedial Narratives
Jonathan [email protected]
Conflict
ing
Inconsis
tent
Irreleva
nt
Cohesive
Consiste
nt
Background: UX Research
Board Games vs Video Games
3
Transmedia Storytelling
StoryWorld
Story Story Story Story Story Story
Novel Novel Comics Film GameFilm IDS
Narrative Experience
TV Series
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Narrative Consistency
• Why is it difficult to measure?
• Why is it important?• How to measure it?
Con
sist
ency
?
Narrative Timeline 5
Overarching Narrative
The Transmedia Orchestra
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Measuring User Experience
• Methodologies– Heuristics– Questionnaires– Psychophysiological
• Limitations– Single session– Game mechanics– Social context
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Consistency in terms of…
• StoryWorld• Timeline & Events• Characters• Agency
http://www.dailyteachingtools.com/
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Levels of Consistency
• Consistency• Cohesion/Coherence• Multiple Distinct Stories • Infidelity and Fanagement• Conflicting Experience
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Proposal: Consistency Scale
Consistent
Cohesive
Irrelevant
Inconsistent
Conflicting
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Example Consistency Scale:across Dimension per Experience
Experiences
StoryWorld Consistent Cohesive Cohesive Cohesive Inconsistent
Events Consistent Cohesive Irrelevant Cohesive Conflicting
Characters Consistent Cohesive Irrelevant Cohesive Conflicting
Agency Cohesive Cohesive Irrelevant Conflicting Inconsistent
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Proposal: Consistency Scale
Consistent
Cohesive
Irrelevant
Inconsistent
Conflicting
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Discussion
• A tool for IDS and narrative games that share a transmedial world with other narrative experiences– Analysis stage– Prototype stage
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Pilot Research Application
• Analysis of movie game reviews– Coding of review into transmedia elements
• Into one of the five ratings on the scale– Collection of keywords used in review
• E.g. ‘authentic’, ‘return to Middle Earth’, ‘embellishment’
• Scale analysis to check for reliability (N > 160)• Validity against review scores• Questionnaire from keywords• Heuristics
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Scope of Consistency Analysis
• At individual character, event, context level– Too granular ?
• At dimensional level– Will inconsistencies
outshine consistencies?• At experience level– Too generic ?
Individual characters and eventsPer Dimension
(Storyworld,Events, Characters, Agency)
Overall Experience
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Summary
• What is Narrative Consistency across transmedia?
• Why and how do we measure it?• Consistency Scale proposal
References• Barbara, Jonathan. "Measuring User Experience in Board Games." International Journal of Gaming and Computer-Mediated Simulations
(IJGCMS) 6.1 (2014): 64-79.• Barbara, Jonathan. "Measuring User Experience in Multiplayer Board Games.“ Games and Culture (2015): DOI:10.1177/1555412015593419• Klastrup, Lisbeth, and Susana Tosca. "Transmedial worlds-rethinking cyberworld design.“ IEEE, 2004.• Breum, Annette Corpuz, and Hanna Skov Midtgaard. "Story Bridges in Transmedia." Unpublished Master's Thesis. Aalborg University, Aalborg,
Denmark (2013).• Rowe, J.P., McQuiggan, S.W., Lester, J.C.: Narrative presence in intelligent learning environments. In: Working notes of the 2007 AAAI fall
symposium on intelligent narrativetechnologies. pp. 126–133 (2007).
• Riedl, Mark O., and R. Michael Young. "Character-focused narrative generation for execution in virtual worlds." Virtual Storytelling. Using Virtual RealityTechnologies for Storytelling. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. 47-56.
• Pizzi, D., Cavazza, M.: From debugging to authoring: Adapting productivity tools to narrative content description. In: Interactive Storytelling. pp. 285–296. Springer (2008).
• Murray, Janet Horowitz. Hamlet on the holodeck: The future of narrative in cyberspace. Simon and Schuster, 1997.• Dena, C.: Transmedia practice: Theorising the practice of expressing a fictional world across distinct media and environments,
http://elmcip.net/critical-writing/transmedia-practice-theorising-practice-expressing-fictional-world-across-distinct, (2010).• Paternò, F., Santoro, C.: A logical framework for multi-device user interfaces. In: Proceedings of the 4th ACM SIGCHI symposium on Engineering
interactive computing systems. pp. 45–50. ACM (2012)• Ritchie, G. 2007. Some empirical criteria for attributing creativity to a computer program. Minds and Machines 17(1):67–99• Jenkins, H.: Searching for the Origami Unicorn. In: Convergence Culture. pp. 95–134. New
York University Press, New York (2006). • Dena, C.: Do you have a big stick? Hand Made High Tech. 1 –5 (2011).• Constandinides, Costas. From Film Adaptation to Post-Celluloid Adaptation: Rethinking the Transition of Popular Narratives and Characters
across Old and New Media. Bloomsbury Publishing USA, 2010.• Hochleitner, C., Hochleitner, W., Graf, C., Tscheligi, M.: A Heuristic Framework for Evaluating User Experience in Games. In: Game User
Experience Evaluation. pp. 187–206. Springer (2015).• Hills, M.: Torchwood’s trans-transmedia: Media tie-ins and brand “fanagement”’. Partici-pations. 9, 409–428 (2012).• Hocking, C.: Ludonarrative Dissonance in Bioshock http://clicknothing.typepad.com/click_nothing/2007/10/ludonarrative-d.html (2007)• Linderoth, J.: The Effort of Being in a Fictional World: Upkeyings and Laminated Frames in
MMORPGs: The Effort of Being in a Fictional World. Symb. Interact. 35, 474–492 (2012).• Harvey, C.: A Taxonomy Of Transmedia Storytelling. In: Storyworlds Across Me-dia’conference, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz (2011). 16
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Thank you!
I would love to hear yourQuestions
SuggestionsCommentsCriticisms
Jokes
Jonathan [email protected]
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Expected Transmedial ConsistencyLevel Description Exemplar
Consistent properties that are always constant across experiences Adaptation
Cohesive a variation from the expected norm that is justified by some believable motive or cause
Sequel
Irrelevant a new experience that was not noted in earlier experiences but has no impact on existing knowledge gained through prior experiences
Spin-off
Inconsistent new information that does not follow expectations and yet it does not break the original knowledge
Fanagement
Conflicting new experience results in an outcome that is directly opposite to that originally experienced
Parody
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Details on Pilot Research Application
• Analysis of movie game reviews– 88 games based on Lord of the Rings by Tolkien– More than 3 reviews each
• Analysis process– Coding of review into transmedia elements
• Into one of the five ratings on the scale– Collection of keywords used in review
• E.g. ‘authentic’, ‘return to Middle Earth’, ‘embellishment’