Towards citizen science approaches in food quality and safety … · 2018. 7. 2. · Medtech sales:...

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Towards citizen science approaches in food quality and safety testing 1 RIKILT, Institute of Food Safety; 2 Wageningen University, Lab. of Organic Chemistry Michel Nielen 1,2

Transcript of Towards citizen science approaches in food quality and safety … · 2018. 7. 2. · Medtech sales:...

Page 1: Towards citizen science approaches in food quality and safety … · 2018. 7. 2. · Medtech sales: Portables account for 40 Bn$ in 2022. Health apps, life style apps, food ... £3,

Towards citizen science approaches in

food quality and safety testing

1RIKILT, Institute of Food Safety; 2Wageningen University, Lab. of Organic Chemistry

Michel Nielen1,2

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Evolution of the ‘Measuring Man’

1960s: Apollo space program biomedical sensing

• ECG electrodes

• Blood pressure

• Pneumography

• Body temp.

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The ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’Sh

in et a

l., An

alyst, 1

43

(20

18

) 15

15

-15

25

Transition in Worldwide Medtech sales:Portables account for 40 Bn$ in 2022

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Health apps, life style apps, food

apps, intelligent packaging, etc:

Increasing demand

for reliable data

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Consequences of this evolution for future EU

food quality & safety monitoring practices ?!

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Only potentially interesting samples to theofficial lab

• More focus• Less paper work• Less transport• Less storage • More data• Even involve citizens?

Sure!

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How to assure lab quality on-site?

Starting points: knowing what you’re measuring!

Awareness of risks of false positive and false negative results

Approaches to reliable quality:1. A chemometric model plus a generic spectral profile (e.g., NIR)

2. More specific spectral profile (e.g., MS)

3. Biorecognition (e.g., a strip test or LFIA)

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Current status: ‘consumer spectroscopy’

Modelling

Classification

To which of the defined classes does the sample belong?

Estimation

What is the concentration of x in the sample?

Spectroscopic analysis

Short-wavelength near infrared (SW-NIR)

750-1059 nm

Smartphone

Easy to use

Time: ≈ 5 sec

Yannick Weesepoel

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NIR model for adulteration of distilled spirits

Capabilities:-percent range-relevant for fraud testing-relevant for macro composition food

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How to assure lab quality on-site?

Starting points: knowing what you’re measuring!

Awareness of risks of false positive and false negative results

Approaches to reliable quality:1. A chemometric model plus a generic spectral profile (e.g., NIR)

2. More specific spectral profile (e.g., MS)

3. Biorecognition (e.g., a strip test or LFIA)

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(Trans)portable mass spectrometry• Crucial for on-site multi-contaminant analyses at low levels.

• Crucial at major incidents

Upcoming but still several technical challenges:

• Heavy weight vacuum systems, power and gas consumption,, high voltages, etc.

• Our research focus on simplified sample introduction and critical evaluation of commercial systems

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Scratch your lemon! (Trans)portable mass

spectrometry for fungicides: organic y/n

m/z 298

Or check your Tequila

Marco Blokland

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Check your Fipronil eggs! (trans)portable

mass spectrometry initial trials

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How to assure lab quality on-site?

Starting points: knowing what you’re measuring!

Awareness of risks of false positive and false negative results

Approaches to reliable quality:1. A chemometric model plus a generic spectral profile (e.g., NIR)

2. More specific spectral profile (e.g., MS)

3. Biorecognition (e.g., a strip test or LFIA or multiplex test, with smartphone

readout) for simplified food contaminant screening at low levels

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Like a pregnancy test: neonics strip test

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2 strip tests for on-site neonicotinoids testing

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Imidacloprid Acetamiprid Nitenpyram Water

Clothianidin Thiacloprid Thiamethoxam Water

I A I A I A I A

I A I A I A I A

Neonicotinoid Imidacloprid strip Acetamiprid strip

Imidacloprid ++ -

Acetamiprid ++ ++

Clothianidin ++ -

Thiacloprid ++ ++

Nitenpyram ++ -

Thiamethoxam + -

Zhejiang University

CAAS – Tea Research Institute

Jeroen Peters

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Added 50 ml of boiling water to 5 grams of homogenized material

Application of 2-strip test neonicotinoids on hot

water extract of cut flowers, herbs and teas

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Number Flower species Strip Results Neonics content in µg/kg

Imidacloprid Acetamiprid acetamiprid clothianidin imidacloprid nitenpyram thiacloprid thiamethoxam

1 Aster - +

2 Phloxes -- ++ 29,64

3 Chrysanthemum -- --

4 Germini -- +

5 Charmelia -- --

6 Carnation ++ -- 4,02 36,95 19,52

7 Lily ++ -

8 Alstromeria -- --

9 Carnation + - 12,54

10 Rose -- --

11 Gladiolus -- --

12 Lily ++ ++ 261,11 7,59 11,85

13 Carnation - ++ 33,43

14 Crysanthemum + --

15 Rose -- -

16 Germini -- --

17 Chrysanthemum ++ - 29,76

18 Fresia + - 11,14

19 Alstromeria -- --

20 Carnations - + 48,73

21 Chrysanthemum -- --

22 Sunflower -- -

23 Roses + ++ 30,35

24 Gladiolus -- -

25 Crysanthemum ++ -- 145,72 150,39

26 Phloxes ++ -- 146,56

27 Lily -- --

28 Chrysanthemum ++ - 46,73 33,65

29 Carnation + --

30 Delphinium ++ + 4,72

31 Tanacium ++ + 1637,60 1264,27

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Toward smartphone-based on-site testing

• Wide-spread, battery, computer, graphics, image detector, USB,

time, location, wireless data communication, nice Apps,

Internet of Things......

• 7 billion smartphone users in 2020

• Potential for adding the spatiotemporal

mapping dimension to food testing

World’s cheapest smartphone, costing under £3, begins shipping next week

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2016/07/01/worlds-cheapest-smartphone-costing-under-3-begins-shipping-next/

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At the horizon

• Food quality and safety testing more focused and more effective

• Simplified smartphone tools available for on-site testing

• Anywhere and anybody: in the field, at the farm, at the retailer, in

industry, at the BIP, in a restaurant, even at home

• Intuitive, simple and affordable; DIY, also for citizen science

approaches to food quality and safety monitoring and food fraud

prevention

• FoodSmartphone >34 man yrs EU-funded research programme

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Multiplex smartphone food assays: lab status

Ludwig et al., PLOS ONE, 10(8): e0134360 (2015)

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Smartphone-based assays: but.......

Major science and innovation gaps versus current status

• Miniaturising

• Flexibility

• Validation, robustness

• Non-expert use

• Costs

• Analysis time

A personalized food allergen testing platform on a cellphoneCoskun at al., Lab Chip, 2013, 13, 636-640

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In FoodSmartphone research towards

• Biochemical recognition elements

• High-speed biorecognition

• Optical detection using smartphone camera

• Electrochemical detection via USB-port

• Robustness and ease of use

• Software, server and cloud interfacing, App

development

• Applicability demonstrators for:

antibiotics, allergens, spoilage microorganisms,

pesticides, mycotoxines, marine biotoxines

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Follow the progress of the FoodSmartphone network

Web: www.FoodSmartphone.eu

Blog: www.FoodSmartphone.blog

Twitter: @FoodSmartphone

Facebook: FoodSmartphone

YouTube: lXceX3TITzs

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The dark side: risks of food testing by non-experts....

• Poor food quality tests

• Food testing performed badly

• Unrepresentative sampling

• Tsunami of fake data...., who is right?

• Communication, privacy, data mgt issues

• Novel QA/QC approaches and adapted

quality performance regulations needed

Fake news caused by fake data!

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Summary

• On-site testing of food quality and safety is rapidly emerging and

soon offered to anybody, including consumers

• 3 different technical solutions for on-site testing, having different

scope of applicability and in different stages of development

• Major consequences for food testing laboratories and stakeholders

• Major consequences for communication: fake data, fake news

• Major consequences for validation and (remote) quality control

• Smart, evidence-based sensing, ready for citizen science?!

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Many thanks for your kind attention!

Acknowledgements:FoodSmartphone consortium;

WUR colleagues Yannick

Weesepoel, Jeroen Peters, Marco

Blokland, Arjen Gerssen, Michael

van Dam, Paul Zoontjes, Gina

Ross; students Jorrien Hattink,

Josha jager, Hua Easton,

Rachelle Linders

[email protected]

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 720325