Towards Application Development for the Physical-Cyber-Social Systems

Pankesh Patel and Sanjay Chaudhary

Open Data Camp, Indian School of Business (ISB)

Hyderabad, June 28, 2014

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Physical-Cyber Systems

Plants notify its users on twitter whether it needs water[http://www.botanicalls.com/ ]

Can track user’s run and report him through the cyber world [http://www.nike.com/]

- Communication capability

- Computational component

- Sensors, actuators attached

- Involved in info. exchange between physical & cyber world

image credit to organizations, who own copyrights of used images

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Cyber-Social Systems

a social networking platform for individuals to publicly share their medical data (e.g., medications, mood) [http://www.patientslikeme.com/]

Delhi Traffic Police sends SMS to its subscribing citizens about traffic conditions periodically*

- People share their activities, knowledge, opinions, experiences- Humans in loops

* Pramod Anantharam and Biplav Srivastava, City Notifications as a Data Source for Traffic Management. In Proceedings of the 20th ITS World Congress 2013,Tokyo, Japan.

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Envisioning a holistic approach

Computational components leverages observations from sensors, information from people to understand, correlate, and act for addressing challenges in various domains.

Physical-Cyber-Social Computing*

* Amit Sheth, Pramod Anantharam, and Cory Henson, Physical-Cyber-Social Computing: An early 21st Century Approach, IEEE Intelligent Systems, 2013.

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Example: Traffic

Social/textual observations about city events, which may influence traffic

Data from machine sensors (speed, noise, camera, location)

- Which places are prone to events, how often and for how long ?- For different event types, what places are most likely to be affected?- How does one city compare with another in terms of different events?

Active (accident, breakdown) & scheduled (planned/ sporting event) event list

Pramod Anantharam and Biplav Srivastava., City Notifications as a Data Source for Traffic Management. In Proceedings of the 20th ITS World Congress 2013,Tokyo, Japan.

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Goal

“Enable development** of PCS applications with minimal effort by various stakeholders* involved in

development process”

**Development -- “a set of related activities that leads to a production of a software product.’’ [Ian Sommerville, Software Engineering (9th edition) , 2010]

*Stakeholders in software engineering to mean – people, who are involved in the application development. Examples of stakeholders defined in [Taylor et al., Software Architecture, 2009] are software designer, developer, domain expert, technologist, etc.

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Application development challenges

Heterogeneity Types (e.g., sensor, actuator,

storage, processing element, user interface, web service)

Interaction modes (e.g., publish/subscribe, request/response, command)

Platforms (e.g., Android, JavaSE)

Communication protocols (e.g., REST, MQTT, XMPP)

Spreads into the application code, Makes the portability of

code difficult image credit to organizations, who own copyrights of

used images

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Application development challenges

Heterogeneity Large number

Application logic in terms of a set of distributed tasks for

hundreds to thousands of objects

To reason at such levels of scale is impractical in

general image credit to organizations, who own copyrights of

used images

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Application development challenges

Heterogeneity Large number Multiple expertise

Knowledge from multiple concerns intersect

Application domain

Software design

Algorithm design,programming languages

Platform-specific knowledge

Clear conflict with skill possessed by the individual

developer image credit to organizations, who own copyrights of

used images

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Towards PCS application development A development framework*

Separate application development into different concerns.

Provide high-level programming abstractions, addressing heterogeneity and scale.

Automate application development where possible.

*It includes support programs, code libraries, high-level languages or other software that help stakeholders to develop and glue together different components of a software product [Ian Sommerville, Software Engineering (9th edition) , 2010].

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Domain

Sensor(s)

Actuator(s)

Computational service

sense

act

Sense-Compute-Control (SCC)

Slide credit: Damien Cassou - http://www.slideshare.net/DamienCassou/phd-thesis-defense

- Computing low-level data to high-level knowledge

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Domain

Traffic

(e.g. Smart city)

Separation of concerns

Functionality

Parking guidance &

info.

Traffic control &monitoring

Energy

image credit to organizations, who own copyrights of used images

Computationalservice

Computationalservice

StorageSensor

retrievalsensor measurement

Actuator

action

Publish/subscribe

Request/Response

Command

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Domain

Traffic

(e.g. Smart city)

Separation of concerns

Functionality

Parking guidance &

info.

Traffic control &monitoring

Energy

image credit to organizations, who own copyrights of used images

Computationalservice

Computationalservice

StorageSensor

retrievalsensor measurement

Actuator

action

Vocabulary Language (VL)

Vocabulary Language (VL)

Architecture Language

(AL)

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Domain expert

Vocabulary

spec.

Compilationof

vocabulary

Device develop

er

Device driver

Vocabulary

framework

Architecture

spec.Compilation

of architecture

Application developer

Application logic

Architecture

framework

Software designer

Linker

Android devices

PC

PC

Our approach

Generated codeFor Device X

Middleware

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Summary Physical-cyber-social systems - holistic

approach

Challenges: Heterogeneity, Large number Multiple expertise

Development framework Separation of concerns Abstractions Automation

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Thanks for listening me Email: pankesh.patel@ahduni.edu.in

Implementation of this work with documentations, running on both Android and JavaSE device and MQTT middleware

https://github.com/pankeshlinux/IoTSuite/wiki