Towards an Integrated Towards an Integrated Planning and Decision Planning and Decision Support System (IPDSS) for Support System (IPDSS) for land consolidationland consolidation

Demetris Demetriou*,District Land Consolidation Officer of Larnaca and Famagusta, CyprusDipl. (Eng.), MSc (Eng.), MSc, PhD (Cand.)

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Demetris Demetriou*, John Stillwell, Linda See

Centre for Spatial Analysis and PolicySchool of Geography

ContentsContents

o Land fragmentationo Land consolidationo Land reallocationo Methods utilisedo LACONISS frameworko Conclusions

Land fragmentationLand fragmentationLand consolidationLand consolidation

Land consolidation =Land consolidation =Land reallocation + Land reallocation + InfrastructureInfrastructureo It is the most important and complex process of land consolidation

o The problem: “How to optimally rearrange the existing land tenure structure in a certain rural area so as to fulfill the aims of a particular land consolidation project?”

o The existing information systems cannot adequately support the process

Land redistribution + Land Land redistribution + Land partitioningpartitioning

Land redistributionLand redistribution

o Which landowners will take property in the new plan and which not?

o What is the total area and land value of the property which will receive each landowner in the new plan?

o How many parcels will receive each landowner in the new plan?

o What is the area and land value of each new parcel?

o What is the approximate location of the new parcel(s) will take each landowner?

Land partitioningLand partitioning

o Sub-division of land into smaller “sub-spaces”

o The aim is to generate regularly shaped parcels which all have access to roads

o Define the exact shape and the location of each new parcel

Methods utilisedMethods utilised

o Geographical information systems (GIS)

oThe planning and decision making modelo Expert systems (ES)o Genetic algorithms (GAs)o Multi-criteria decision methods (MCDM)

The planning and decision The planning and decision making model (Simon’s making model (Simon’s model, 1960)model, 1960)

Intelligence

Design

Choice

The intelligence phase“Is there a need for implementing land consolidation?”

The design phase“What are the alternative land reallocation plans?”

The choice phase“Which alternative plan is the most beneficial?”

Expert systems (ES)Expert systems (ES)

“IF this condition (or premise or

antecedent) occurs THEN some action (or results or conclusion, or consequence) will or should occur”.

Genetic algorithms (GAs)Genetic algorithms (GAs)

Multi-criteria decision Multi-criteria decision methods (MCDM)methods (MCDM)

o Multi-attribute decision making (MADM)

o It is a selection processo Limited number of alternatives

o Multi-objective decision making (MODM)

o It is a design processo Infinitive/large feasible alternatives

LACONISS frameworkLACONISS framework

LAnd CONsolidation Integrated Support System for planning and decision making

The conceptual framework The conceptual framework of LACONISSof LACONISS

Intelligence phase

Design phase I

Choice phase I

System description

(Build GIS model)

Design & Choice phase II

Assess the current situation

(Measure land fragmentation)

Evaluate alternatives

(Evaluate land redistribution plans)

Generate and evaluate parcels

(Land partitioning and final land reallocation plan)

Generate alternatives

(Generate land redistribution plans)

The operational framework The operational framework of LACONISSof LACONISS

LACONISS(Land Consolidation Integrated

Support System for planning and decision making)

LandSpaCES(Land Spatial Consolidation Expert

System)

LandParcelS(Land Parcelling System)

Design phase ILand redistribution module

(GIS+ES)

Choice phase ILand redistribution evaluation

module (GIS+MADM)

Design II & Choice IILand partitioning module

(GIS+ GAs+ MODM)

Alternative land redistribution plans Final land

reallocation plan

Best land redistribution plan

LandFragmentS(Land Fragmentation System)

Intelligence phaseLand Fragmentation module

(GIS+MADM)

Intelligence phase: the land Intelligence phase: the land fragmentation model (GIS + fragmentation model (GIS + MADM)MADM)

o Factors: e.g. distance among parcels, number of parcels, size and shape of parcels etc.o Weights: From 0-1, with sum 1 for all factorso Scores: e.g. number of parcels =3, Size=5000m2, Number of corners=10 etc.o Standardize scores at 0-1 scale using value functionso Index (0-1)= Sum (standardized score X weight)

Structuring the land fragmentation model

Calculate scores for each land fragmentation factor

Standardise scores

Calculate the land fragmentation index

Select factors Weight factors

Ownership level Global level

Structuring the land fragmentation model

Calculate scores for each land fragmentation factor

Standardise scores

Calculate the land fragmentation index

Select factors Weight factors

Ownership level Global level

Design phase I : the land Design phase I : the land redistribution design model (GIS + redistribution design model (GIS + ES)ES)

74

rule

s, 10

rule

clu

sters

STARTDoes the property of a

landowner exceed the min land value and/or area limits set by

the Committee?

Has the landowner “excepted” parcels?

The landowner will not receive property and his/her

property will be distributed to other landowners.

No

No Allocate to the landowner the

“excepted” parcels in the same location.

Yes

Has the landowner “excepted” parcels?

Yes

Allocate to the landowner the

“excepted” parcel (s) in the same location

No

Has the landowner enough land to

receive other parcels?

Land distribution to the landowner finished

What is the max no. of parcels which may receive a

landowner ?

Only one parcel

Up to three parcels

Up to two parcels

Yes

Yes

No

How many parcels has the

landowner?

How many parcels has the

landowner?

How many parcels has the

landowner?

1 Parcel

> 1 Parcel

2 Parcels

>2 Parcels

3 Parcels

>3 Parcels

Land redistribution case 1

Land redistribution case 2

Land redistribution case 6

Land redistribution case 5

Land redistribution case 4

Land redistribution case 3

An IF-THEN ruleAn IF-THEN rule

IF [the total area of the property of a landowner is less than a minimum area limit defined by the Land Consolidation Committee ]

THEN [the landowner will not receive property in the new plan and he will receive compensation and his/her property will be allocated to other landowners]

Choice phase I: the land Choice phase I: the land redistribution evaluation model redistribution evaluation model (GIS + MADM)(GIS + MADM)

Evaluation criteriao Number of parcels per holding and per landownero Size, shape and dispersion of parcelso Ownership type of parcelso Accessibility to roado Number of landowners

Design & Choice phase II: the land Design & Choice phase II: the land partitioning model (GIS + GAs + partitioning model (GIS + GAs + MODM)MODM)

N

i Piperimeter

Piarea

12 )(

)(

16

1min

continuity

yverticalit

linearity

corners

frontage

area

value

min

Where Pi is a vector of N land parcels: P= (P1, P2, P3…, Pn) and i=1,2,3,…N, the number of parcels.

Con

strain

t vio

latio

n

Land partitioning model Land partitioning model representation (1)representation (1)

Population: a set of land partitioning plans

Individual: a land partitioning plan

Chromosome: a land parcel

Gene: a grid cell of a land parcel

Land partitioning model Land partitioning model representation (2)representation (2)

What it has been done so What it has been done so far?far?o The development of LandSpaCES (Design Module) o Very encouraging results: system's decisions are close to experts decisions from 63 to 100% for nine criteriao LandSpaCES solved the problem in 6 mins while experts in 30 days!o The evaluation module of LandSpaCES is currently under development

o Presentations about LandSpaCESo AGILE (Association of Geographic Information Laboratories for Europe), University of Utrecht, The Netherlands, 18-21 April 2011o FIG working week in Marrakech, Morocco, 15-17 May 2011

ConclusionConclusion

o The objectives are ambitious and the development of the system is a real challenge. However, the geotechnology tools and methods now available provide the means by which such a hybrid theoretical framework can be achieved.

Many thanks for your Many thanks for your attention and patience!attention and patience!

Questions, comments, Questions, comments, advices etc. are welcomed! advices etc. are welcomed!