Towards a modern view of life
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Towards Modernism
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Patterns and colours began invading our modern lives. Some craftsmen like William Morris thought to tame them. They did this by slowing down the mechnical processes that were shaped by development of favouring of highly brutal yet established industrial production processes. Design as much as the workforce became mechanised. These men and women, became became fearful about what had/or what would become of the individual. Their testimony and challenge was to make sense of the new world of industrialised design and the accompanying methods through stepping back and thinking how design and processes could be tamed and reined in to have a more humanistic scale.
Transcript of Towards a modern view of life
TowardsModernism
Arts and CraftsAesthetic movement:peaked in 1870sAim: to bring together good design and modern technology (new machinery and working techniques)
Arts and Crafts:(Arts and Crafts Exhibition Society)founded in England, 1887Aim: to promote decorative arts
Motifs
Fundamental'motifs' toboth movementsa Ruskinesquereverence for nature:-sunflowers-lilies-peacocks
Colour
Colour palette:-soft browns-terra-cottas-moss greens-yellows
Industrial RevolutionThe Second Industrial Revolution (1871–1914) involved significant developments for society and the world.
ChemicalElectricalPetroleumSteel industries
Mass production of consumer goods
Mechanisation of manufacture (food and drink, clothing and transport) and even entertainment (early cinema, radio and gramophone)
The 2nd Industrial Revolution served the needs of the population and also provided employment for the increasing numbers of people in the world.
The role of the worker:
Craftsman Artist
The role of the worker:
Craftsman Artist
-It was William Morris's desire to unite the 'craftsman' and the 'artist'
many of the designs were produced by hand (ironically making most of the designs too expensive for the ordinary worker to buy)
PatternsWhat are they?
Sequences and arrangments of images and shapes
Industrial Revolution:For a pattern to find a market it first must reflect the contemporary mood.
‘Look Books’What are they?
A seasonal record of a textile mill’s production
1810-1820 from a studio of an Alsatian textile mill, Alsace, France
Why?
These can embody the elements of wish fulfilment.
Mid 19th Century, Paris,Swatches of the latest European fabrics
Why?
You can choose your fantasy from almost any point in history.
Cloth can be printed cheaply and affordably.
Taste:What is it?How can it be described?-vernacular and street (punk)-educated and refined (Art Nouveau)
What is bad taste?
Art Nouveau:
-A dominant design mode of the years between the world wars (1920s)
-in 1960s there was a revival of its style, previously it was called 'Arts Decoratifs'
Art Deco:
-lasted from 1880s to about 1910
-"new art"
-showed a desire to abandon the past and embrace the future
-called Jugendstil in Germany -called Sezessionstil in Austria-called Modernista in Spain-called style moderne in France
Art Nouveau:-distortions of motifs-complexity of interwining shapes-sophisticated colour palette
Style
Motifs
Fundamental'motifs' toboth movementsa Ruskinesquereverence for nature:-sunflowers-lilies-peacocks
Art Nouveau:Produced using rich, luxurious materials for the upper end of the market and so never became popular with the wider public.
Style
Art Deco:
-geometric planes of Cubism
Style (influences)
Picasso’sLes Demoiselles d’Avignon, 1907
Art Deco:
-geometric planes of Cubism
Style (influences)
-Futurism's celebration of speed and machine techhology
The cover of the last edition of BLAST, journal of the British Vorticist movement, a movement heavily influenced by futurism.
Art Deco:
-geometric planes of Cubism
Style (influences)
-Futurism's celebration of speed and machine techhology-Constructivist's love of industrial materials and usable objects
Kazimir Malevici: Suprematism 1916 Muzeul de Art, Krasnodar
Art Deco:
-geometric planes of Cubism
Style (influences)
-Futurism's celebration of speed and machine techhology-Constructivist's love of industrial materials and usable objects
-a Fauvist (Ballet Russes) feeling for colour and simple flattened shapes The Dessert: Harmony In
Red (1908) by Henri Matisse.
Floral
Conversational
Geometric
Floral ConversationalGeometric
Why called?
Modern living caused the garden began to disappear from people’s lives.
So sensual pleasures were brought into the home in the form of printed fabrics.
Why called?
A shape that is not a picture of something from the ‘real’ world.
Why called?
Depicts some real creature or object (excluding flowers).
Can be a landscape or cityscape.
Attention grabing.
The designer removes the ‘motifs’ from the usual surroundings.
Floral
Why called?
Modern living caused the garden began to disappear from people’s lives.
So sensual pleasures were brought into the home in the form of printed fabrics.
All over 2 directional
All over non-directional
All over set
All over tossed
All over One-direction
Geometric
Why called?
A shape that is not a picture of something from the ‘real’ world.
Abstract
All over
Bull’s-Eye
Confetti
Crescents
Dots
Squares
Conversational
Why called?
Depicts some real creature or object (excluding flowers).
Can be a landscape or cityscape.
Attention grabing.
The designer removes the ‘motifs’ from the usual surroundings.
American West:Cowboys, Heroes, Comics, TV shows1940s and 1950s
Camouflage:
Cloth could be used by middle and upper classes to distinguish themselves from their employees.
Household help were dressed in dark fabrics that had the effect of ‘camouflaging’ the wearer from the eyes of the superiors.It also hides dirt.
1980s - it was endorsed by the fashion industry.
1990s - used in warfare - operation Desert Storm.
Celestial: 20th Century
Lunar Rocket - 1969 designed by Eddie Squires for Warner Fabrics.
With the launch of Sputnik 1 in 1959, the sky had a new, mechanical kind of star. Rockets, satellites, planets and galaxies.
Telescopes probing into space were allowing people to explore the night sky through the windows of homes.
Photoprints:New York and Brooklyn
Would have been made into men’s shirts
Photoprints:World’s Fair 1939
Would have been made into men’s shirts
Other Movements
GraffitiMost made 'tags' (pictorial versions of their signatures)
Other Movements
GraffitiKeith Haring made actual pictures of people, dogs, babies and mutating TV sets
It was graffiti that gave him the idea of working in public spaces
In 1980s his New York subway chalk-drawings became so popular that the posters he drew on were often stolen as soon as he'd finished them
Cheap goodsAswell as continuing his outdoor murals, he also printed on cheap goods including: t shirts, and fabrics
Riley
Bridget Riley High Sky 2, 1992
Style: Optical
Florals
Flowerbeds
What parallels to computer games can you think of?
Sims
Sims
Sims
Designers who us pattern and repetition in their work
TEMDEM FILMS
Designers who us pattern and repetition in their work
HR Geiger
Designers who us pattern and repetition in their work
Piet Mondrian
Broadway Boogie
1942-43
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The birth of Graphic Design
Industrial RevolutionThe Second Industrial Revolution (1871–1914) involved significant developments for society and the world.
ChemicalElectricalPetroleumSteel industries
Mass production of consumer goods
Mechanisation of manufacture (food and drink, clothing and transport) and even entertainment (early cinema, radio and gramophone)
The 2nd Industrial Revolution served the needs of the population and also provided employment for the increasing numbers of people in the world.
The role of the worker:
Craftsman Artist
Advances in printing technology
1796 - lithographic process inventedIt became possible to print over 1,000 sheets per hour.
1860s Photo-relief printing.
Development of ratating cylinders.
1905 - Ira Rubel invented the ‘offset’ printing process.
Toulouse-Lautrec
Status of the poster
Created the adverts for stageshows happening at the notorious ‘Moulin Rouge’.
Jules Cheret’s work elevated the status of the posters and advertising art.
Making work for theatre and business.
BonnardParis Designer
Designed advertising for France-Champagne(top-right)
SteinlenProfessional illustrator
An advert for milk(top-left)
Colour
Colour palette:-soft browns-terra-cottas-moss greens-yellows
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[With] the tremendous growth in industrial power, as well as … politics and culture … the world of business and commerce and graphic arts are more closely linked than ever.
Fritz H EhmckeDeutsche Gebrauchsgraphik, 1927
