Towards a european code of private international law?

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Verso un codice di diritto privato internazionale europeo? Vers un code de droit international privé européen? Towards a European Code of Private International Law? Robert Bray Secretariat of the Legal Affairs Committee of the European Parliament

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Robert Bray

Transcript of Towards a european code of private international law?

Page 1: Towards a european code of private international law?

Verso un codice di diritto privato internazionale

europeo?

Vers un code de droit international privé européen?

Towards a European Code of Private International Law?

Robert Bray

Secretariat of the Legal Affairs

Committee of the European Parliament

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Prehistory

• Article 220 EEC, which became Art. 293 EC, now repealed by TFEU:

• “Member States shall, so far as is necessary, enter into negotiations with each other with a view to securing for the benefit of their nationals:

• …

• …

• …

• the simplification of formalities governing the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments of courts or tribunals and of arbitration awards.”

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La preistoria

• L'articolo 220 CEE, diventato l'articolo 293 CE adesso abrogato:

• « Gli Stati membri avvieranno fra loro, per quanto occorra, negoziati intesi a garantire, a favore dei loro cittadini:

• — ...

• — ...

• — ...

• — la semplificazione delle formalità cui sono sottoposti il reciproco riconoscimento e la reciproca esecuzione delle decisioni giudiziarie e delle sentenze arbitrali. »

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La préhistoire

• L'article 220 CEE, devenu l'article 293 CE, maintenant abrogé:

• « Les États membres engageront entre eux, en tant que de besoin, des négociations en vue d’assurer, en faveur de leurs ressortissants:

• — ...

• — ...

• — ...

• — la simplification des formalités auxquelles sont subordonnées la reconnaissance et l’exécution réciproques des décisions judiciaires ainsi que des sentences arbitrales. »

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Precursors

• Brussels Convention of 27 September 1968 on

jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments in civil and

commercial matters (consolidated version in Official

Journal C 27 of 1998, p. 1). Legal basis Art 220 EEC/293

EC

• Convention on the law applicable to contractual

obligations opened for signature in Rome on 19 June

1980 (Official Journal L 266 , 09/10/1980, p.1) Legal

basis: general reference to the EEC Treaty

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Precursori

• La Convenzione di Bruxelles del 1968 concernente la

competenza giurisdizionale e l'esecuzione delle decisioni

in materia civile e commerciale (versione consolidata in

GU N° C 27 del 1998). Base giuridica: l’art: 220 CEE/293

CE

• Convenzione sulla legge applicabile alle obbligazioni

contrattuali aperta alla firma a Roma il 19 giugno 1980 (GU N° L 266 , 09/10/1980, pag.1) Base giuridica:

riferimento generale al Tratatto CEE

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Antecédants

• La Convention de Bruxelles de 1968 sur la compétence

judiciaire et l'exécution des décisions en matière civile et

commerciale (version consolidée publiée dans JO C 27

de 1998). Base juridique: l’art. 220 CEE/293 CE

• Convention sur la loi applicable aux obligations

contractuelles ouverte à la signature à Rome le 19 juin

1980 (JO L 266 , 09/10/1980, p.1) Base juridique:

référence générale au Traité CEE

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The Lugano Convention

• C o n v e n t i o n on jurisdiction and the

enforcement of judgments in civil and

commercial matters, done at Lugano on 16

September 1988.

• New Lugano Convention published in OJ

2007, L 339, p.3

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La Convenzione di Lugano

• La Convenzione concernente la

competenza giurisdizionale e l'esecuzione

delle decisioni in materia civile e

commerciale, conclusa a Lugano il 16

settembre 1988.

• Nuova Convenzione pubblicata in GU 2007,

L 339, pag.3

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La Convention de Lugano

• Convention concernant la compétence

judiciaire et l’exécution des décisions en

matière civile et commerciale, conclue à

Lugano le 16 septembre 1988

• Nouvelle Convention de Lugano publiée

dans JO 2007, L 339, p.3

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Jurisprudenza/Jurisprudence/Case-law

Brussels and Lugano Conventions

Exchange of information

Table of Cases

http://curia.europa.eu/common/recdoc/convention/en/tableau/2009.htm

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Maastricht Treaty 1992

• Article K

• Cooperation in the fields of justice and home affairs shall be governed by the following provisions.

• Article K.1

• For the purposes of achieving the objectives of the Union, in particular the free movement of persons, and without prejudice to the powers of the European Community, Member States shall regard the following areas as matters of common interest:

• 1. …

• 6. judicial cooperation in civil matters;

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Trattato di Maastricht 1992

• Articolo K

• La cooperazione nei settori della giustizia e degli affari interni è disciplinata dalle seguenti disposizioni.

• Articolo K.1

• Ai fini della realizzazione degli obiettivi dell'Unione, in particolare della libera circolazione delle persone, fatte salve le competenze della Comunità europea, gli Stati membri considerano questioni di interesse comune i settori seguenti:

• 1. …

• 6. la cooperazione giudiziaria in materia civile;

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Traité de Maastricht 1992

• Article K

• La coopération dans les domaines de la justice et des affaires intérieures est régie par les dispositions suivantes.

• Article K.1

• Aux fins de la réalisation des objectifs de l'Union, notamment de la libre circulation des personnes, et sans préjudice des compétences de la Communauté européenne, les États membres considèrent les domaines suivants comme des questions d'intérêt commun:

• 1. …

• 6. la coopération judiciaire en matière civile;

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Outcome of Maastricht

• Convention of 26 May 1997 drawn up on the basis of Article K.3 of the Treaty on European Union, on the service in the Member States of the European Union of judicial and extrajudicial documents in civil or commercial matters (OJ C 261, 27.8.1997, p. 2) never entered into force

• Convention on Jurisdiction and the Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments in Matrimonial Matters (known as the "Brussels II Convention") and the Protocol on its interpretation by the Court of Justice (OJ C 221,16.07.1998) never entered into force

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Dopo Maastricht

• Convenzione stabilita in base all'articolo K.3 del trattato

sull'Unione europea, relativa alla notificazione negli Stati

membri dell'Unione europea di atti giudiziari ed

extragiudiziali in materia civile o commerciale (GU C 261

del 27.8.1997, pag. 2); non è mai entrata in vigore

• Convenzione concernente la competenza, il

riconoscimento e l'esecuzione delle decisioni nelle cause

matrimoniali (―Bruxelles II‖) e il protocollo concernente la

sua interpretazione da parte della Corte di giustizia (GU C

221 del 16.7.1998); non è mai entrata in vigore

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Outcome of Maastricht

• Convention établie sur la base de l'article K.3 du traité sur

l'Union européenne, relative à la signification et à la

notification dans les États membres de l'Union

européenne des actes judiciaires et extrajudiciaires en

matière civile ou commerciale (JO C 261 du 27.8.1997, p.

2); elle n’a jamais entrée en vigueur

• Convention concernant la compétence, la reconnaissance et l'exécution des décisions en matière matrimoniale ("Brussels II") et le protocole relatif à son interprétation par la Cour de justice (JO C 221,16.07.1998); elle n’a jamais entrée en vigueur

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The Treaty of Amsterdam 1997, in force 1/5/1999

• Implementation of a European judicial area

became an independent aim of the Community

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Il Trattato d’Amsterdam 1997, entrato in vigore il 1/5/1999

• L’attuazione di uno spazio giudiziario europeo

divenne un obiettivio autonomo della Communità

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Le Traité d’Amsterdam 1997, entré en vigueur le1/5/1999

• La mise en oeuvre d’un espace judiciaire europée

est devenue un objectif autonome de la

Communauté

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Legal basis

• Article 61(c) EC:

• ―In order to establish progressively an area

of freedom, security and justice, the

Council shall adopt: …

• (c) measures in the field of judicial

cooperation in civil matters as provided for

in Article 65;

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La base giuridica

• L'articolo 61, litt. c, del Trattato CE

• « Allo scopo di istituire progressivamente uno spazio di libertà, sicurezza e giustizia, il Consiglio adotta: ...

• c) misure nel settore della cooperazione giudiziaria in materia civile, come previsto all'articolo 65,

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La base juridique

• L'article 61, litt. c, du Traité CE:

• Afin de mettre en place progressivement un espace de liberté, de sécurité et de justice, le Conseil arrête: ...

• c) des mesures dans le domaine de la coopération judiciaire en matière civile, visées à l’article 65;

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Legal basis (cont.)

• Article 65 EC:

• ―Measures in the field of judicial cooperation in civil matters having cross-border implications, to be taken in accordance with Article 67and in so far as necessary for the proper functioning of the internal market, shall include:

• (a) improving and simplifying: ….

• — the recognition and enforcement of decisions in civil and commercial cases, including decisions in extrajudicial cases;

• (b) promoting the compatibility of the rules applicable in the Member States concerning the conflict of laws and of jurisdiction;

• (c) eliminating obstacles to the good functioning of civil proceedings, if necessary by promoting the compatibility of the rules on civil procedure applicable in the Member States.

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La base giuridica (seg.)

• L'articolo 65 CE

• Le misure nel settore della cooperazione giudiziaria in materia civile che presenti implicazioni transfrontaliere, da adottare a norma dell'articolo 67 e per quanto necessario al corretto funzionamento del mercato interno, includono:

• a) il miglioramento e la semplificazione:

• ...

• — del riconoscimento e dell'esecuzione delle decisioni in materia civile e commerciale,

• comprese le decisioni extragiudiziali;

• b) la promozione della compatibilità delle regole applicabili negli Stati membri ai conflitti di leggi e di competenza giurisdizionale;

• c) l'eliminazione degli ostacoli al corretto svolgimento dei procedimenti civili, se necessario promuovendo la compatibilità delle norme di procedura civile applicabili negli Stati membri.

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La base juridique (suite)

• L'article 65 CE

• Les mesures relevant du domaine de la coopération judiciaire dans les matières civiles ayant une incidence transfrontière, qui doivent être prises conformément à l’article 67 et dans la mesure nécessaire au bon fonctionnement du marché intérieur, visent entre autres à:

• a) améliorer et simplifier:

• ...

• — la reconnaissance et l’exécution des décisions en matière civile et commerciale, y compris les décisions extrajudiciaires;

• b) favoriser la compatibilité des règles applicables dans les États membres en matière de conflits de lois et de compétence;

• c) éliminer les obstacles au bon déroulement des procédures civiles, au besoin en favorisant la compatibilité des règles de procédure civile applicables dans les États membres.

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Legal basis (cont.)

• Article 67(1) EC: ―During a transitional

period of five years following the entry into

force of the Treaty of Amsterdam, the

Council shall act unanimously on a

proposal from the Commission or on the

initiative of a Member State and after

consulting the European Parliament.‖

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La base giuridica (seg.)

• L'articolo 67, para. 1 CE: « Per un periodo

transitorio di cinque anni dall'entrata in

vigore del trattato di Amsterdam, il

Consiglio delibera all'unanimità su proposta

della Commissione o su iniziativa di uno

Stato membro e previa consultazione del

Parlamento europeo. »

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La base juridique (suite)

• L'article 67, para. 1 CE: « Pendant une

période transitoire de cinq ans après

l’entrée en vigueur du traité d’Amsterdam,le

Conseil statue à l’unanimité sur proposition

de la Commission ou à l’initiative d’un État

membre et après consultation du Parlement

européen. »

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Denmark (and the UK and Ireland)

• Protocol to the Treaty on the position of the

United Kingdom and Ireland and the

corresponding Protocol on the position of

Denmark

• Council Decision of 27 April 2006 concerning the

conclusion of the Agreement between the

European Community and the Kingdom of

Denmark on jurisdiction and the recognition and

enforcement of judgments in civil and

commercial matters, OJ 2006 L 120, p. 22

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La Danimarca, il Regno Unito e l'Irlanda

• Il protocollo al Trattato riguardante la posizione

del Regno unito e dell'Irlanda ed il protocollo

corrispondente sulla posizione della Danimarca

• Decisione del Consiglio, del 27 aprile 2006,

relativa alla conclusione di un accordo tra la

Comunità europea e il Regno di Danimarca

concernente la competenza giurisdizionale, il

riconoscimento e l'esecuzione delle decisioni in

materia civile e commerciale, GU N° L 120 del

2006, pag. 22.

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Le Danemark, le Royaume Uni et l'Irlande

• Le protocole au Traité concernant la position du

Royaume Unii et de l'Irelande et la protocole

correspondant sur la position du Danemark

• Décision du Conseil du 27 avril 2006 concernant

la conclusion de l’accord entre la Communauté

européenne et le Royaume de Danemark sur la

compétence judiciaire, la reconnaissance et

l’exécution des décisions en matière civile et

commerciale, JO N° L 120 de 2006, p. 22.

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First of the PIL instruments

adopted under AmsterdamCouncil Regulation (EC) No 44/2001 on

jurisdiction and the recognition and

enforcement of judgments in civil and

commercial matters (Official Journal L 12 ,

16/01/2001, p. 1) was adopted on 22

December 2000 under the consultation

procedure.

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Primo dei provvedimenti di dpi adottato

in virtu del trattato di Amsterdam

Regolamento (CE) n. 44/2001 del

Consiglio concernente la competenza

giurisdizionale, il riconoscimento e

l'esecuzione delle decisioni in materia

civile e commerciale (GU L 12 del

16.1.2001, pag. 1) è stato adottato il 22

dicembre 2000 in base alla procedura di

consultazione.

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Le premier instrument de dpi adopté en virtu

du traité d’Amsterdam

Règlement (CE) n° 44/2001 du Conseil

concernant la compétence judiciaire, la

reconnaissance et l'exécution des

décisions en matière civile et commerciale

(JO L 12 du 16.1.2001, p. 1) a été adopté

le 22 décembre 2000 sur la base de la

procédure de consultation.

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Treaty of Lisbon

• RESOLVED to facilitate the free movement of persons, while ensuring the

safety and security of their peoples, by establishing an area of freedom,

security and justice, in accordance with the provisions of this Treaty and of

the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,

• Article 3 TEU

1. The Union’s aim is to promote peace, its values and the well-being of its

peoples.

• 2. The Union shall offer its citizens an area of freedom, security and justice

without internal frontiers, in which the free movement of persons is ensured

in conjunction with appropriate measures with respect to external border

controls, asylum, immigration and the prevention and combating of crime.

• 3. The Union shall establish an internal market. …

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Trattato di Lisbonna

• DECISI ad agevolare la libera circolazione delle persone, garantendo nel

contempo la sicurezza dei loro popoli, con l'istituzione di uno spazio di libertà,

sicurezza e giustizia, in conformità alle disposizioni del presente trattato e del

trattato sul funzionamento dell'Unione europea,

• Articolo 3 TUE

• 1. L'Unione si prefigge di promuovere la pace, i suoi valori e il benessere dei

suoi popoli.

• 2. L'Unione offre ai suoi cittadini uno spazio di libertà, sicurezza e giustizia

senza frontiere interne, in cui sia assicurata la libera circolazione delle

persone insieme a misure appropriate per quanto concerne i controlli alle

frontiere esterne, l'asilo, l'immigrazione, la prevenzione della criminalità e la

lotta contro quest'ultima.

• 3. L'Unione instaura un mercato interno. ...

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Traité de Lisbonne

• RÉSOLUS à faciliter la libre circulation des personnes, tout en assurant la

sûreté et la sécurité de leurs peuples, en établissant un espace de liberté, de

sécurité et de justice, conformément aux dispositions du présent traité et du

traité sur le fonctionnement de l'Union européenne

• Article 3 TUE

• 1. L'Union a pour but de promouvoir la paix, ses valeurs et le bien-être de

ses peuples.

• 2. L'Union offre à ses citoyens un espace de liberté, de sécurité et de

justice sans frontières intérieures, au sein duquel est assurée la libre

circulation des personnes, en liaison avec des mesures appropriées en

matière de contrôle des frontières extérieures, d'asile, d'immigration ainsi que

de prévention de la criminalité et de lutte contre ce phénomène.

• 3. L'Union établit un marché intérieur. ….

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Legal basis post-Lisbon

• Article 67 TFEU

• 1. The Union shall constitute an area of freedom, security

and justice with respect for fundamental rights and the

different legal systems and traditions of the Member

States.

• 2. …

• 3. …

• 4. The Union shall facilitate access to justice, in particular

through the principle of mutual recognition of judicial and

extrajudicial decisions in civil matters.

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La base giuridica dopo Lisbonna

• Articolo 67 TFUE

• 1. L'Unione realizza uno spazio di libertà, sicurezza e

giustizia nel rispetto dei diritti fondamentali nonché dei

diversi ordinamenti giuridici e delle diverse tradizioni

giuridiche degli Stati membri.

• 2. …

• 3. …

• 4. L'Unione facilita l'accesso alla giustizia, in particolare

attraverso il principio di riconoscimento reciproco delle

decisioni giudiziarie ed extragiudiziali in materia civile.

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La base juridique après Lisbonne

• Article 67 TFUE

• 1. L'Union constitue un espace de liberté, de sécurité et

de justice dans le respect des droits fondamentaux et des

différents systèmes et traditions juridiques des États

membres.

• 2. …

• 3. …

• 4. L'Union facilite l'accès à la justice, notamment par le

principe de reconnaissance mutuelle des décisions

judiciaires et extrajudiciaires en matière civile.

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Legal basis (cont.)

• Article 81

• 1. The Union shall develop judicial cooperation in civil

matters having cross-border implications, based on

the principle of mutual recognition of judgments and

of decisions in extrajudicial cases. Such cooperation

may include the adoption of measures for the

approximation of the laws and regulations of the Member

States.

• 2. For the purposes of paragraph 1, the European

Parliament and the Council, acting in accordance with the

ordinary legislative procedure, shall adopt measures,

particularly when necessary for the proper

functioning of the internal market, aimed at ensuring:

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La base giuridica (seg.)

• Articolo 81

• 1. L'Unione sviluppa una cooperazione giudiziaria nelle

materie civili con implicazioni transnazionali, fondata

sul principio di riconoscimento reciproco delle

decisioni giudiziarie ed extragiudiziali. Tale

cooperazione può includere l'adozione di misure intese a

ravvicinare le disposizioni legislative e regolamentari degli

Stati membri. 2. Ai fini del paragrafo 1, il Parlamento

europeo e il Consiglio, deliberando secondo la procedura

legislativa ordinaria, adottano, in particolare se

necessario al buon funzionamento del mercato

interno, misure volte a garantire:

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La base juridique(cont.)

• Article 81

• 1. L'Union développe une coopération judiciaire dans

les matières civiles ayant une incidence

transfrontière, fondée sur le principe de reconnaissance

mutuelle des décisions judiciaires et extrajudiciaires.

Cette coopération peut inclure l'adoption de mesures de

rapprochement des dispositions législatives et

réglementaires des États membres.

• 2. Aux fins du paragraphe 1, le Parlement européen et le

Conseil, statuant conformément à la procédure législative

ordinaire, adoptent, notamment lorsque cela est

nécessaire au bon fonctionnement du marché

intérieur, des mesures visant à assurer:

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Legal basis (cont.)

• (a) the mutual recognition and enforcement between Member States

of judgments and of decisions in extrajudicial cases;

• (b) the cross-border service of judicial and extrajudicial documents;

• (c) the compatibility of the rules applicable in the Member States

concerning conflict of laws and of jurisdiction;

• (d) cooperation in the taking of evidence;

• (e) effective access to justice;

• (f) the elimination of obstacles to the proper functioning of civil

proceedings, if necessary by promoting the compatibility of the rules

on civil procedure applicable in the Member States;

• (g) the development of alternative methods of dispute settlement;

• (h) support for the training of the judiciary and judicial staff.

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La base giuridica (seg.)

• a) il riconoscimento reciproco tra gli Stati membri delle decisioni giudiziarie ed

extragiudiziali e la loro esecuzione;

• b) la notificazione e la comunicazione transnazionali degli atti giudiziari ed

extragiudiziali;

• c) la compatibilità delle regole applicabili negli Stati membri ai conflitti di leggi

e di giurisdizione;

• d) la cooperazione nell'assunzione dei mezzi di prova;

• e) un accesso effettivo alla giustizia;

• f) l'eliminazione degli ostacoli al corretto svolgimento dei procedimenti civili,

se necessario promuovendo la compatibilità delle norme di procedura civile

applicabili negli Stati membri;

• g) lo sviluppo di metodi alternativi per la risoluzione delle controversie;

• h) un sostegno alla formazione dei magistrati e degli operatori giudiziari.

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La base juridique (suite)

• a) la reconnaissance mutuelle entre les États membres des décisions

judiciaires et extrajudiciaires, et leur exécution;

• b) la signification et la notification transfrontières des actes judiciaires et

extrajudiciaires;

• c) la compatibilité des règles applicables dans les États membres en matière

de conflit de lois et de compétence;

• d) la coopération en matière d'obtention des preuves;

• e) un accès effectif à la justice;

• f) l'élimination des obstacles au bon déroulement des procédures civiles, au

besoin en favorisant la compatibilité des règles de procédure civile

applicables dans les États membres;

• g) le développement de méthodes alternatives de résolution des litiges;

• h) un soutien à la formation des magistrats et des personnels de justice.

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Legal basis (cont.)

• 3. Notwithstanding paragraph 2, measures concerning family law

with cross-border implications shall be established by the Council,

acting in accordance with a special legislative procedure. The Council

shall act unanimously after consulting the European Parliament.

• The Council, on a proposal from the Commission, may adopt a

decision determining those aspects of family law with cross-border

implications which may be the subject of acts adopted by the ordinary

legislative procedure. The Council shall act unanimously after

consulting the European Parliament.

• The proposal referred to in the second subparagraph shall be notified

to the national Parliaments. If a national Parliament makes known its

opposition within six months of the date of such notification, the

decision shall not be adopted. In the absence of opposition, the

Council may adopt the decision.

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La base giuridica (seg.)

• 3. In deroga al paragrafo 2, le misure relative al diritto di famiglia

aventi implicazioni transnazionali sono stabilite dal Consiglio, che

delibera secondo una procedura legislativa speciale. Il Consiglio

delibera all'unanimità previa consultazione del Parlamento europeo.

• Il Consiglio, su proposta della Commissione, può adottare una

decisione che determina gli aspetti del diritto di famiglia aventi

implicazioni transnazionali e che potrebbero formare oggetto di atti

adottati secondo la procedura legislativa ordinaria. Il Consiglio

delibera all'unanimità previa consultazione del Parlamento europeo.

• I parlamenti nazionali sono informati della proposta di cui al secondo

comma. Se un parlamento nazionale comunica la sua opposizione

entro sei mesi dalla data di tale informazione, la decisione non è

adottata. In mancanza di opposizione, il Consiglio può adottare la

decisione.

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La base juridique (suite)

• 3. Par dérogation au paragraphe 2, les mesures relatives au droit de la famille

ayant une incidence transfrontière sont établies par le Conseil, statuant

conformément à une procédure législative spéciale. Celui-ci statue à

l'unanimité, après consultation du Parlement européen.

• Le Conseil, sur proposition de la Commission, peut adopter une décision

déterminant les aspects du droit de la famille ayant une incidence

transfrontière susceptibles de faire l'objet d'actes adoptés selon la procédure

législative ordinaire. Le Conseil statue à l'unanimité, après consultation du

Parlement européen.

• La proposition visée au deuxième alinéa est transmise aux parlements

nationaux. En cas d'opposition d'un parlement national notifiée dans un délai

de six mois après cette transmission, la décision n'est pas adoptée. En

l'absence d'opposition, le Conseil peut adopter ladite décision.

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We are not alone ….

• In 2007, the EU acceded to the Hague

Conference on Private International Law

http://www.hcch.net

• In 2007 l’UE ha aderito alla Conferenza

dell’Aia di diritto internazionale privato

• En 2007, l’UE a adhéré à la Conférence de

la Haye de droit international privé

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The Hague Conventions/Le convenzioni dell’Aia/Les Conventions de la Haye

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The Hague Conventions/Le convenzioni dell’Aia/Les Conventions de la Haye

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We are not alone (2)

• International Commission on Civil Status

(ICCS)/ Commission internationale de l’état

civil (CIEC)

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We are not alone (3)

• Council of Europe

• Il Consiglio di Europa

• Le Conseil de l’Europe

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―New generation‖ EU civil law

instruments• Regulation (EC) No 805/2004 of the European Parliament and of the

Council of 21 April 2004 creating a European Enforcement Order for uncontested claims, OJ 2004 L 143, p. 15

• Regulation (EC) No 1896/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2006 creating a European order for payment procedure, OJ 2006 L 399, p. 1.

• Regulation (EC) No 861/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 July 2007 establishing a European Small Claims Procedure, OJ 2007 L 199, p. 1.

• Directive 2008/52/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2008 on certain aspects of mediation in civil and commercial matters, OJ 2008 L 136, p. 3 (NB uses machinery of Brussels I).

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Strumenti europei di diritto civil della « nuova generazione »

• Regolamento (CE) n. 805/2004 del Parlamento europeo e del Consiglio, del 21 aprile 2004, che istituisce il titolo esecutivo europeo per i crediti non contestati, GU L 143, 2004, pag. 15

• Regolamento (CE) n. 1896/2006 del Parlamento europeo e del Consiglio, del 12 dicembre 2006 , che istituisce un procedimento europeo d'ingiunzione di pagamento, GU L 399, 2006, pag. 1

• Regolamento (CE) n. 861/2007 del Parlamento europeo e del Consiglio, dell’ 11 luglio 2007 , che istituisce un procedimento europeo per le controversie di modesta entità, GU L 199, 2007, pag. 1

• Direttiva 2008/52/CE del Parlamento europeo e del Consiglio, del 21 maggio 2008 , relativa a determinati aspetti della mediazione in materia civile e commerciale, GU L 136, 2008, pag. 3 (NB: utilizza i meccanismi instaurati da Bruxelles I)

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Instruments européens de droit civil de la « deuxième génération »

• Règlement (CE) n° 805/2004 du Parlement européen et du Conseil du 21 avril 2004 portant création d'un titre exécutoire européen pour les créances incontestées, JO L 143,2004, p. 15

• Règlement (CE) n o 1896/2006 du Parlement européen et du Conseil du 12 décembre 2006 instituant une procédure européenne d'injonction de payer, JO L 399, 2006, p. 1

• Règlement (CE) N° 861/2007 du Parlement Européen et du Conseil du 11 juillet 2007 instituant une procédure européenne de règlement des petits litiges, JO L 199, 2007, p. 1

• Directive 2008/52/CE du Parlement européen et du Conseil du 21 mai 2008 sur certains aspects de la médiation en matière civile et commerciale,JO L 136, 2008, p. 3 (NB: utilise les méchanismes du règlement ―Bruxelles I‖)

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―New generation instruments‖ (cont.)

• These are not private-international-law

instruments.

• They are for use in cross-border cases only and

are designed to help businesses and individuals.

• Some of them, e.g. the order for payment

procedure and small claims instrument, do away

with exequatur (order for an enforcement) in the

court where enforcement is sought.

• Many of them copy the machinery of Brussels I,

e.g. the mediation directive

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Other civil law instruments

• ― Council Regulation (EC) No 1206/2001 of 28 May 2001 on cooperation between the courts of the Member States in the taking of evidence in civil or commercial matters, OJ L 174, 27.6.2001, p. 1;

• ― Council Decision 2001/470/EC of 28 May 2001 establishing a European Judicial Network in civil and commercial matters, OJ L 174, 27.6.2001, p. 25, as amended;

• ― Council Regulation (EC) No 743/2002 of 25 April 2002 establishing a general Community framework of activities to facilitate the implementation of judicial cooperation in civil matters, OJ L 115, 1.5.2002, p. 1;

• ― Council Directive 2003/8 of 27 January 2003 to improve access to justice in cross-border disputes by establishing minimum common rules relating to legal aid for such disputes, OJ L 26, 31.1.2003, p. 41;

• Multi-annual European e-justice Action Plan 2009-2013, Council notice published in OJ C 75, 31.3.2009, p. 1.

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Altri strumenti di diritto civile

• ― Regolamento (CE) n. 1206/2001 del Consiglio, del 28 maggio 2001,

relativo alla cooperazione fra le autorità giudiziarie degli Stati membri nel

settore dell'assunzione delle prove in materia civile o commerciale, GU L 174

del 27.6.2001, pag. 1;

• ― Decisione 2001/470/CE del Consiglio, del 28 maggio 2001, relativa

all'istituzione di una rete giudiziaria europea in materia civile e commerciale,

GU L 174 del 27.6.2001, pag. 25;

• ― Regolamento (CE) n. 743/2002 del Consiglio, del 25 aprile 2002, che

istituisce un quadro generale comunitario di attività per agevolare la

cooperazione giudiziaria in materia civile, GU L 115 dell' 1.5.2002, pag. 1;

• ― Direttiva 2002/8/CE del Consiglio, del 27 gennaio 2003, intesa a migliorare

l'accesso alla giustizia nelle controversie transfrontaliere attraverso la

definizione di norme minime comuni relative al patrocinio a spese dello Stato

in tali controversie, GU L 26 del 31.1.2003, pag. 41;

• Piano d'azione pluriennale 2009-2013 in materia di giustizia elettronica

europea, Communicazione del Consiglio, GU C 75 del 31.3.2009, pag. 1.

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Autres instruments de droit civil

• ― Règlement (CE) n° 1206/2001 du Conseil du 28 mai 2001 relatif à la

coopération entre les juridictions des États membres dans le domaine de

l'obtention des preuves en matière civile ou commerciale, JO L 174 du

27.6.2001, p. 1;

• ― Décision du Conseil 2001/470/CE du 28 mai 2001 relative à la création d'un réseau judiciaire européen en matière civile et commerciale, JO L 174 du 27.6.2001, p. 25;

• ― Règlement (CE) n° 743/2002 du Conseil du 25 avril 2002 établissant un

cadre général communautaire d'activités en vue de faciliter la coopération

judiciaire en matière civile, JO L 115 du 1.5.2002, p. 1;

• ― Directive 2002/8/CE du Conseil du 27 janvier 2003 visant à améliorer

l'accès à la justice dans les affaires transfrontalières par l'établissement de

règles minimales communes relatives à l'aide judiciaire accordée dans le

cadre de telles affaires, JO L 26 du 31.1.2003, p. 41;

• Plan d'action pluriannuel 2009-2013 relatif à l'e-Justice européenne,

Communication du Conseil, JO C 75 du 31.3.2009, p. 1.

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Towards an EU Code of Private International Law (1)?

• Council Regulation (EC) No 1346/2000 of 29 May 2000 on insolvency proceedings, OJ 2000 L 160, p. 1.

• Council Regulation (EC) No 44/2001 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters (―Brussels I‖), OJ 2001 L 12, p. 1

• Council Regulation (EC) No 2201/2003 of 27 November 2003 concerning jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in matrimonial matters and the matters of parental responsibility, repealing Regulation (EC) No 1347/2000, OJ 2003 L 338, p. 1. = ―Brussels IIbis‖

• Regulation (EC) No 864/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 July 2007 on the law applicable to non-contractual obligations (Rome II), OJ 2007 L 99, p. 40.

• Regulation (EC) No 593/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008 on the law applicable to contractual obligations (Rome I), OJ 2008 L 177, p. 6.

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Towards an EU Code of Private International Law (2)?

• Council Regulation (EC) No 4/2009 of 18 December 2008 on jurisdiction, applicable law, recognition and enforcement of decisions and cooperation in matters relating to maintenance obligations, OJ 2009 L 7, p. 1.

• Regulation (EC) No 1393/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 November 2007 on the service in the Member States of judicial and extrajudicial documents in civil or commercial matters (service of documents), and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 1348/2000, OJ 2007 L 324, p. 79.

• Regulations (EC) Nos 662/2009 and 664/2009 of 13 July 2009 and 7 July 2009 establishing a procedure for the negotiation and conclusion of agreements between Member States and third countries on particular matters concerning the law applicable to contractual and non-contractual obligations and matrimonial matters, matters of parental responsibility and matters relating to maintenance obligations, and the law applicable to matters relating to maintenance obligations, respectively, OJ 2009 L 200, pp. 25 and 46 (Bilateral agreements regulations)

• Council Regulation (EU) No 1259/2010 of 20 December 2010 implementing enhanced cooperation in the area of the law applicable to divorce and legal separation, OJ 2010 L 343, p. 10.

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Verso un codice dell’UE di diritto privato internazionale (1)?

• Regolamento (CE) n. 1346/2000 del Consiglio, del 29 maggio 2000, relativo alle procedure di

insolvenza, GU L 160, 2000, pag. 1

• Regolamento (CE) n. 4/2009 del Consiglio, del 18 dicembre 2008 , relativo alla competenza, alla

legge applicabile, al riconoscimento e all’esecuzione delle decisioni e alla cooperazione in materia di

obbligazioni alimentari, GU L 7, 2009, pag. 1

• Regolamento (CE) n. 44/2001 del Consiglio, del 22 dicembre 2000, concernente la competenza

giurisdizionale, il riconoscimento e l'esecuzione delle decisioni in materia civile e commerciale

(―Bruxelles I‖), GU L 12 del 16.1.2001, pag. 1

• Regolamento (CE) n. 2201/2003 del Consiglio, del 27 novembre 2003, relativo alla competenza, al

riconoscimento e all'esecuzione delle decisioni in materia matrimoniale e in materia di responsabilità

genitoriale, che abroga il regolamento (CE) n. 1347/2000 (―Bruxelles II bis‖), GU L 338 del

23.12.2003, pag. 1.

• Regolamento (CE) n. 864/2007 del Parlamento europeo e del Consiglio, dell' 11 luglio 2007 , sulla

legge applicabile alle obbligazioni extracontrattuali ( ―Roma II‖ ), GU L 199,2007, pag. 40

• Regolamento (CE) n. 593/2008 del Parlamento europeo e del Consiglio, del 17 giugno 2008 , sulla

legge applicabile alle obbligazioni contrattuali (―Roma I‖), GU L 177, 2008, pag. 6.

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Verso un codice communitario di diritto privato internazionale (2)?

• Regolamento (CE) n. 4/2009 del Consiglio, del 18 dicembre 2008 , relativo alla competenza, alla

legge applicabile, al riconoscimento e all’esecuzione delle decisioni e alla cooperazione in materia di

obbligazioni alimentari, GU L 7 del 10.1.2009, pag. 1

• Regolamento (CE) n. 1393/2007 del Parlamento europeo e del Consiglio, del 13 novembre 2007 ,

relativo alla notificazione e alla comunicazione negli Stati membri degli atti giudiziari ed

extragiudiziali in materia civile o commerciale ( notificazione o comunicazione degli atti ) e che

abroga il regolamento (CE) n. 1348/2000 del Consiglio,GU L 324, 2007, pag. 79

• Regolamenti (CE) n. 662/2009 e 664/2009 del Parlamento europeo e del Consiglio, del 13 luglio

2009 et del 7 luglio , che istituisce una procedura per la negoziazione e la conclusione di accordi tra

Stati membri e paesi terzi su particolari materie concernenti la legge applicabile alle obbligazioni

contrattuali ed extracontrattuali e delle decisioni in materia matrimoniale, in materia di responsabilità

genitoriale e di obbligazioni alimentari, e la legge applicabile in materia di obbligazioni alimentari

(accordi bilaterali), GU L 200, 2009, pagg. 25 e 46

• Regolamento (UE) n. 1259/2010 del Consiglio, del 20 dicembre 2010 , relativo all’attuazione di una

cooperazione rafforzata nel settore della legge applicabile al divorzio e alla separazione personale,

GU L 343 del 29.12.2010, pag. 10

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Vers un code européen de droit international privé (1)?

•Règlement (CE) nº 1346/2000 du Conseil du 29 mai 2000 relatif aux procédures d'insolvabilité, JO L 160, 2000, p. 1

•Règlement (CE) n° 44/2001 du Conseil du 22 décembre 2000 concernant la compétence judiciaire, la reconnaissance et l'exécution des décisions en matière civile et commerciale (« Bruxelles I »), JO L 12 du 16.1.2001, p. 1

•Règlement (CE) n° 2201/2003 du Conseil du 27 novembre 2003 relatif à la compétence, la reconnaissance et l'exécution des décisions en matière matrimoniale et en matière de responsabilité parentale abrogeant le règlement (CE) n° 1347/2000, JO L 338,2003, p. 1, « Bruxelles II bis »

•Règlement (CE) n° 864/2007 du Parlement Européen et du Conseil du 11 juillet 2007 sur la loi applicable aux obligations non contractuelles ( Rome II ), JO L 199, 2007, p. 40

•Règlement (CE) n o 593/2008 du Parlement européen et du Conseil du 17 juin 2008 sur la loi applicable aux obligations contractuelles (Rome I), JO L 177, 2008, p. 6

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Vers un code européen de droit international privé (2)?

• Règlement (CE) n° 4/2009 du Conseil du 18 décembre 2008 relatif à la compétence,

la loi applicable, la reconnaissance et l’exécution des décisions et la coopération en

matière d’obligations alimentaires, JO L 7 du 10.1.2009, p. 1

•Règlement (CE) n° 1393/2007 du Parlement européen et du Conseil du 13 novembre 2007 relatif à la signification et à la notification dans les États membres des actes judiciaires et extrajudiciaires en matière civile ou commerciale ( signification ou notification des actes ), et abrogeant le règlement (CE) n° 1348/2000 du Conseil, JO L 324,2007, p. 79

•Règlement (CE) n o 662/2009 du Parlement européen et du Conseil du 13 juillet 2009 instituant une procédure pour la négociation et la conclusion d’accords entre les États membres et des pays tiers sur des questions particulières concernant le droit applicable aux obligations contractuelles et non contractuelles et en matière matrimoniale, de responsabilité parentale et d’obligations alimentaires, ainsi que sur le droit applicable en matière d’obligations alimentaires (accords bilatéraux), JO L 200, 2009, p. 25 et 46

• Règlement (UE) n ° 1259/2010 du Conseil du 20 décembre 2010 mettant en œuvre

une coopération renforcée dans le domaine de la loi applicable au divorce et à la

séparation de corps, JO L 343 du 29.12.2010, p. 10

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Coming up shortly

• In first reading under the co-decision procedure:

• Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on jurisdiction, applicable law, recognition and enforcement of decisions and authentic instruments in matters of succession and the creation of a European Certificate of Succession (COM(2009)154 final). Rapporteur: Kurt Lechner

• Repeal of the Brussels Regulation (Regulation (EC) No. 44/2001 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters ) and replacement by a recast version (COM(2010) 748). Rapporteur Tadeusz Zwiefka

• Consultation procedure:

• Proposal for a Council Regulation on jurisdiction, applicable law and the recognition and enforcement of decisions in matters of matrimonial property regimes (COM(2011)0126 final). Rapporteur: Alexandra Thein

• Proposal for a Council Regulation on jurisdiction, applicable law and the recognition and enforcement of decisions regarding the property consequences of registered partnerships (COM/2011/0127 final) Rapporteur: Alexandra Thein

• Other possible initiatives:

• Specific provisions on defamation to supplement Regulation (EC) No 864/2007 on the law applicable to non-contractual obligations (Rome II) (legislative initiative of the European Parliament under Article 225 TFEU) Rapporteur: Diana Wallis

• Accession to the Hague choice-of-court convention

• Free movement of authentic acts (proposal likely)

• Traffic accidents rules.

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Prossimamente

• In prima lettura – procedura legislativa ordinaria:

• Proposta di regolamento del Parlamento Europeo e del Consiglio relativo alla competenza, alla legge applicabile, al riconoscimento e all'esecuzione delle decisioni e degli atti pubblici in materia di successioni e alla creazione di un certificato successorio europeo (COM(2009)154 final). Relatore: Kurt Lechner

• Abrogazione del regolamento n. (CE) No. 44/2001 concernente la competenza giurisdizionale, il riconoscimento e l’esecuzione delle decisioni in materia civile e commerciale (Bruxelles I) - Rifusione (COM(2010) 748). Relatore: Tadeusz Zwiefka

• Procedura di consultazione:

• Proposta di REGOLAMENTO DEL CONSIGLIO relativo alla competenza, alla legge applicabile, al riconoscimento e all’esecuzione delle decisioni in materia di regimi patrimoniali tra coniugi(COM(2011)0126 final). Relatrice: Alexandra Thein

• Proposta di REGOLAMENTO DEL CONSIGLIO relativo alla competenza, alla legge applicabile, al riconoscimento e all’esecuzione delle decisioni in materia di effetti patrimoniali delle unioni registrate (COM(2011)0127 final) Relatrice: Alexandra Thein

• Altre iniziative possibili:

• Delle disposizioni specifiche per integrare il regolamento (CE) n. 864/2007 relativo alla legge applicable agli obbighi non-contrattuali (Roma II) (iniziativa legislativa del Parlamento europeo in base all’articolo 225 TFUE) Relatrice: Diana Wallis

• Adesione alla Convenzione dell’Aia sulla scelta di foro

• La libera circolazione degi atti autentici (proposta probabile)

• Delle regole sugli incidenti stradali.

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Prochainement

• Déjà en première lecture: procédure legislative ordinaire:

• Proposition de règlement du Parlement européen et du Conseil relatif à la compétence, la loi applicable, la reconnaissance et l'exécution des décisions et des actes authentiques en matière de successions et à la création d'un certificat successoral européen (COM(2009)154 final). Rapporteur: Kurt Lechner

• Abrogation du règlement ―Bruxelles I‖ (CE) n° 44/2001 concernant la compétence judiciaire, la reconnaissance et l'exécution des décisions en matière civile et commerciale : refonte (COM(2010) 748). Rapporteur Tadeusz Zwiefka

• In first reading under the consultation procedure:

• Proposal for a Council Regulation on jurisdiction, applicable law and the recognition and enforcement of decisions in matters of matrimonial property regimes (COM(2011)0126 final). Rapporteur: Alexandra Thein

• Proposition de RÈGLEMENT DU CONSEIL relatif à la compétence, la loi applicable, la reconnaissance et l'exécution des décisions en matière d'effets patrimoniaux des partenariats enregistrés (COM/2011/0127 final) Rapporteur: Alexandra Thein

• D’autres iniitiatives possibles:

• Des dispositions spécifiques afin d’intégrer le règlement (CE) n° 864/2007 relatif au droit applicable aux obligations non-contractuelles (Rome II) (initiative legislative initiative du Parlement européen sur la base de l’article 225 TFUE)

• Adhésion à la Convention de l’Haye sur les accords d'élection de for

• La libre circulation des actes authentiques (proposition probable)

• Des règles sur les accidents de la route

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The review of Brussels I

• Following the report from the Commission

to the European Parliament, the Council

and the European Economic and Social

Committee on the application of Council

Regulation (EC) No 44/2001 (COM(2009)

174 final) there is now a proposal for a

recast regulation (COM(2010) 748).

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La rivisione

• In seguito alla relazione della Commissione al Parlamento europeo, al Consiglio e al Comitato economico e sociale europeo sull'applicazione del regolamento (CE) n. 44/2001 del Consiglio concernente la competenza giurisdizionale, il riconoscimento e l'esecuzione delle decisioni in materia civile e commerciale (COM(2009) 174 definitivo), la Commission ha presentato una proposta per l’abrogazione del regolamento ed una rifusione (COM(2010) 748).

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La révision

• Suite au rapport de la Commission au Parlement européen, au Conseil et Comité économique et social européen sur l’application du règlement (CE) n° 44/2001 du Conseil concernant la compétence judiciaire, la reconnaissance et l'exécution des décisions en matière civile et commerciale (COM/2009/0174 final) , la Commission européenne vient de présenter une proposition de refonte (COM(2010) 748).

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The Heidelberg Report

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Other precursors of the review

• Study on residual jurisdiction prepared by

Prof. Arnaud Nuyts

• Study to inform an Impact Assessment on

the Ratification of the Hague Convention

on Choice of Court Agreements by the

European Community, Final Report

submitted by GHK, Date: 7 December

2007

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THE GREEN PAPER

• GREEN PAPER ON THE REVIEW OF

COUNCIL REGULATION (EC) No 44/2001

ON JURISDICTION AND THE

RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT

OF JUDGMENTS IN CIVIL AND

COMMERCIAL MATTERS (COM(2009)

175 final)

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IL LIBRO VERDE

• LIBRO VERDE

• SULLA REVISIONE DEL REGOLAMENTO (CE) N. 44/2001 DEL CONSIGLIO CONCERNENTE LA

COMPETENZA GIURISDIZIONALE, IL RICONOSCIMENTO E L'ESECUZIONE DELLE

DECISIONI IN MATERIA CIVILE E COMMERCIALE

• COM(2009) 175 definitivo

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LE LIVRE VERT

• LIVRE VERT

• SUR LA RÉVISION DU RÈGLEMENT (CE) N°

44/2001 DU CONSEIL CONCERNANT LA COMPÉTENCE JUDICIAIRE, LA

RECONNAISSANCE ET L'EXÉCUTION DES DÉCISIONS EN MATIÈRE CIVILE ET

COMMERCIALE

• COM(2009) 175 final

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Brussels I review

• The European Parliament adopted a

resolution on the implementation and

review of the Brussels Regulation on 7

September last year on the basis of a

report drawn up in the Committee on Legal

Affairs[1]

[1] A7-0219/2010.

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La rivisione del regolamento Bruxelles I

• Il Parlamento europeo ha adottato una

risoluzione sull’applicazione e la revisione

del regolament ―Bruxelles I‖ il 7 settembre

2010 sulla base di una relazione elaborata

dalla Commissione per gli affari giuridici [1]

[1] A7-0219/2010.

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La révision du règlement ―Bruxelles I‖

• Le parlement européen a adopté une

résolution sur l’application et la révision du

règelement le 7 septembre 2010 sur la

base d’un rapport de sa Commission

juridique [1]

[1] A7-0219/2010.

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Brussels I review- next steps

• The rapporteur (Tadeusz Zwiefka) has

presented a draft report/ il relatore ha

presentation un progetto di relazione/Le

rapporteur a présenté son projet de rapport

• Deadline for amendments/Scadenza per la

présentation des amendements/Délai pour

les amendements 21 September 2011

• Workshop/Atelier 20 September 2011

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PROGRAMME FOR THE WORKSHOP

Tuesday, 20 September 2011

• 9:00 - 11:30

• Welcome and opening remarks by Tadeusz Zwiefka, Rapporteur

• Analysis of the main elements of reform of Brussels I Regulation - Round Table

• • Professor Burkhard Hess, Institut für ausländisches und internationales Privat- und

Wirtschaftsrecht der Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg

• • Professor Marie-Laure Niboyet, Université Paris X-Nanterre (to be confirmed)

• • Professor Horatia Muir-Watt, Sciences-Po, Paris

• • Professor Ilaria Pretelli, Università degli Studi di Urbino ―Carlo Bo‖

• • Alexander Layton QC of the Bar of England and Wales

• • Professor Andrew Dickinson, University of Sydney, solicitor advocate (England and

Wales), consultant to Clifford Chance LLP

• • Florian Horn, partner and attorney at law, Brauneis Klauser Prändl law firm

• Presentation of the Study on the "Interpretation of the Public Policy Exception as

referred to in EU Instruments of Private International and Procedural Law" by Professor

Burkhard Hess and Professor Thomas Pfeiffer, Institut für ausländisches und

internationales Privat- und Wirtschaftsrecht der Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg

• Questions and answers and closing remarks by the Rapporteur

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What the Commission is proposing

• The abolition, with certain limited exceptions, of exequatur, the intermediate procedure for the recognition and enforcement of judgments between Member States in order to reduce unnecessary delay and cost.

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Recognition and enforcement 1

• Mutual trust in the administration of justice in the Community justifies judgments given in a Member State being recognised automatically without the need for any procedure except in cases of dispute.

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Riconoscimento ed esecuzione 1

• La fiducia reciproca nell'amministrazione della giustizia nella Comunità giustifica il riconoscimento autonomatica delle sentenze rese in uno Stato membro senza la necessità di una procedura di controllo, salvo in casi di contestazione

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Reconnaissance et exécution 1

• La confiance mutuelle dans l'administration de la justice dans la Communauté justifie la reconnaissance automatique des décisions judiciaires prises dans un autre Etat membre, sauf en cas de contestation

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Abolition of exequatur

• What is the present situation?

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Recognition and enforcement 2

• The declaration that a judgment is enforceable

(exequatur) is issued virtually automatically after

purely formal checks of the documents supplied,

without there being any possibility for the court

to raise of its own motion any of the grounds for

non-enforcement provided for in the Regulation.

Article 36: Under no circumstances may a

foreign judgment be reviewed as to its

substance.

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Riconoscimento ed esecuzione 2

• L'exequatur viene emesso practicamente automaticamente in seguito a dei controlli puramente formali dei documenti forniti. Il giudice richiesto non può sollevare d'ufficio i motivi per la non-esecuzione elencati nel regolamento

• L'articolo 36: « In nessun caso la decisione straniera può formare oggetto di un riesame del merito. »

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Reconnaissance et exécution 2

• L'exéquatur est émis presque automatiquement sous la base d'un contrôle purement formel des documents soumis. Le juge requis ne pas pas souldver d'office les motifs pour la non-exécution prévus dans le règlement.

• L'article 36: « En aucun cas, la décision étrangère ne peut faire l'objet d'une révision au fond. »

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Recognition and enforcement 3

• A judgment will not be recognised:

• if such recognition is manifestly contrary to public policy in the

Member State in which recognition is sought;

• if the defendant was not served with the document which instituted

the proceedings in sufficient time and in such a way as to enable the

defendant to arrange for his or her defence;

• if it is irreconcilable with a judgment given in a dispute between the

same parties in the Member State in which recognition is sought;

• if it is irreconcilable with an earlier judgment given in another

Member State or in a third state involving the same cause of action

and between the same parties.

• A court in which recognition is sought of a judgment given in another

Member State may stay the proceedings if an ordinary appeal

against the judgment has been lodged.

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Riconoscimento ed esecuzione 3

• Le decisioni non sono riconosciute:

• 1) se il riconoscimento è manifestamente contrario all'ordine pubblico dello Stato membro richiesto;

• 2) se la domanda giudiziale od un atto equivalente non è stato notificato o comunicato al convenuto contumace in tempo utile e in modo tale da poter presentare le proprie difese eccetto qualora, pur avendone avuto la possibilità, egli non abbia impugnato la decisione;

• 3) se sono in contrasto con una decisione emessa tra le medesime parti nello Stato membro richiesto;

• 4) se sono in contrasto con una decisione emessa precedentemente tra le medesime parti in un altro Stato membro o in un paese terzo, in una controversia avente il medesimo oggetto e il medesimo titolo, allorché tale decisione presenta le condizioni necessarie per essere riconosciuta nello Stato membro richiesto.

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Reconnaissance et exécution 3

• Une décision n'est pas reconnue si:

• 1) la reconnaissance est manifestement contraire à l'ordre public de l'État membre requis;

• 2) l'acte introductif d'instance ou un acte équivalent n'a pas été signifié ou notifié au défendeur défaillant en temps utile et de telle manière qu'il puisse se défendre, à moins qu'il n'ait pas exercé de recours à l'encontre de la décision alors qu'il était en mesure de le faire;

• 3) elle est inconciliable avec une décision rendue entre les mêmes parties dans l'État membre requis;

• 4) elle est inconciliable avec une décision rendue antérieurement dans un autre État membre ou dans un État tiers entre les mêmes parties dans un litige ayant le même objet et la même cause, lorsque la décision rendue antérieurement réunit les conditions nécessaires à sa reconnaissance dans l'État membre requis.

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Recognition and enforcement 4

• Article 35

• 3. Subject to paragraph 1, the jurisdiction of the court of the Member State of origin may not be reviewed. The test of public policy referred to in point 1 of Article 34 may not be applied to the rules relating to jurisdiction.

• Paragraph 1, jurisdiction in matters of insurance, contracts concluded by consumers and exclusive jurisdiction

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Riconoscimento ed esecuzione 4

• L'articolo 35:

• 3. Salva l'applicazione delle disposizioni del paragrafo 1, non si può procedere al controllo della competenza dei giudici dello

Stato membro d'origine. Le norme sulla competenza non riguardano l'ordine pubblico contemplato dall'articolo 34, punto 1.

• Paragrafo 1 = la competenza in materia di assicurazioni, in materia di contratti conclusi da consumatori, competenza esclusiva

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Reconnaissance et exécution 4

• L'article 35

• 3) Sans préjudice des dispositions du paragraphe 1, il ne peut être procédé au contrôle de la compétence des juridictions de l'État membre d'origine. Le critère de l'ordre public visé à l'article 34, point 1, ne peut être appliqué aux règles de compétence.

• Paragraphe 1: compétence en matière d'assurance, en matière de contrats conclus par un consommateur et compétence exclusive.

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Recognition and enforcement 5

• Article 35

• 2. In its examination of the grounds of jurisdiction referred to in the foregoing paragraph, the court or authority applied to shall be bound by the findings of fact on which the court of the Member State of origin based its jurisdiction.

• Article 36

• Under no circumstances may a foreign judgment be reviewed as to its substance.

• Article 37

• A court of a Member State in which recognition is sought of a judgment given in another Member State may stay the proceedings if an ordinary appeal against the judgment has been lodged.

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Riconoscimento ed esecuzione 5

• L'articolo 35

• 2) l'autorità richiesta è vincolata dalle constatazioni di fatto sulle quali il giudice dello Stato membro d'origine ha fondato la propria competenza.

• Articolo 36

• In nessun caso la decisione straniera può formare oggetto di un riesame del merito.

• Articolo 37

• 1. Il giudice di uno Stato membro, davanti al quale è chiesto il riconoscimento di una decisione emessa in un altro Stato membro, può sospendere il procedimento se la decisione in questione è stata impugnata.

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Reconnaissance et exécution 5

• L'article 35

• 2. l'autorité requise est liée par les constatations de fait sur lesquelles la juridiction de l'État membre d'origine a fondé sa compétence.

• L'article 36

• En aucun cas, la décision étrangère ne peut faire l'objet d'une révision au fond.

• L'article 37

• L'autorité judiciaire d'un État membre devant laquelle est invoquée la reconnaissance d'une décision rendue dans un autre État membre peut surseoir à statuer si cette décision fait l'objet d'un recours ordinaire.

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Exceptions to the abolition of exequatur

• For judgments concerning non-contractual obligations arising out of violations of privacy and rights relating to personality, including defamation,

• and judgments in collective redress proceedings concerning the compensation of harm caused by unlawful business practices which meet certain conditions.

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Eccezioni all’abolizione di exequatur

• Decisioni emesse in un altro Stato membro:

• a) relative ad obbligazioni extracontrattuali che derivano

da violazioni della vita privata e dei diritti della personalità,

compresa la diffamazione, e

• b) in procedimenti che riguardano il risarcimento dei danni

causati da pratiche commerciali illecite a una moltitudine

di soggetti lesi e che sono promossi da: i. un ente statale,

ii. un'organizzazione senza scopo di lucro il cui obiettivo e

attività principale è rappresentare e difendere gli interessi

di gruppi di persone fisiche o giuridiche in altro modo che

fornendo loro consulenza legale o rappresentandoli in

giudizio su base commerciale, o iii. un gruppo di più di

dodici attori.

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Exceptions à l’abolition de l’exequatur

• Décisions rendues dans un autre État membre

• a) concernant les obligations non contractuelles découlant d'atteintes

à la vie privée et aux droits de la personnalité, y compris la

diffamation, et

• b) dans les actions ayant pour objet la réparation d'un préjudice causé

par des pratiques commerciales illégales à un groupe de personnes

lésées et qui sont intentées par i) un organisme public,ii) une

organisation sans but lucratif dont la vocation et l'activité principales

consistent à représenter ou à défendre les intérêts de groupes de

personnes physiques ou morales autrement qu'en leur fournissant

des conseils juridiques ou en les représentant en justice à des fins

lucratives, ou iii) un groupe de plus de douze plaignants.

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Abolition of exequatur

• The Commission justifies this on the

grounds of the cost of exequatur

proceedings and the rather extraordinary

idea that "Today, judicial cooperation and

the level of trust among Member States has

reached a degree of maturity which permits

the move towards a simpler, less costly,

and more automatic system of circulation of

judgments".

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L’abolizione dell’exequatur

• La giustificazione data dalla Commissione si base

sul costo della procedure dell’ exequatur e l’idea

piuttosto straordinaria che " Oggi la cooperazione

giudiziaria e il grado di fiducia tra gli Stati membri

hanno raggiunto una maturità tale da poter

passare a un sistema di circolazione delle

decisioni più semplice, meno oneroso e più

automatico, eliminando le formalità esistenti tra gli

Stati membri."

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L’abolition de l’exequatur

• La justification donnée par la Commission

européenne se base sur le coût de la procédure

et l’idée plutôt extraordinaire que " Aujourd'hui, la

coopération judiciaire et le niveau de confiance entre

les États membres ont atteint un seuil tel qu'il est

possible de passer à un système plus simple, moins

coûteux et plus automatique de circulation des

décisions judiciaires, qui mette fin aux formalités

actuelles entre États membres."

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Abolizione dell'exequatur (seg.)

• L’abolizione dell’exequatur è « l’objettivo principale » della Commissione europea.

• Perché?

• L’exequatur viene raramene rifiutato: solamente l'1 a 5 per cento fanno oggetto di un ricorso ed i ricorsi sono rarament accolti.

• E estremamente raro che i giudici applicano l’eccezione d’ordine pubblico

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Abolition de l'exéquatur (cont.)

• L’abolition de l’exéquatur constitue « l’objectif principal » de la Commission européenne.

• Pourquoi?

• L’exéquatur est rarement refusé: seulement 1 à 5 % sont l’objet d’un recours et les recours sont rarement accueillis.

• Les cas où un juge applique l’exception d’ordre public sont extrèment rares.

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Abolition of exequatur (cont.)

• The abolition of exequatur is ―the main objective‖ of the

Commission’s proposals for revision of the Regulation.

• Why is the Commission proposing this?

• Applications for orders of exequatur are rarely refused,

only between 1% and 5% of them are appealed and

these appeals are ―rarely successful‖. Applications by

defendants challenging these orders are ―rarely

accepted‖.

• ―It seems extremely rare … that courts would apply the

public policy exception with respect to the substantive

ruling by the foreign court‖.

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Abolition of exequatur (cont.)

• Arguments against abolition:

• (1) Not enough experience has yet been acquired with

the regulations doing away with exequatur

• (2) Abolition of exequatur will concentrate all the

proceedings in the country of origín at the expense of the

party in the other country

• (3) There is not enough mutual confidence in the legal

systems of the other Member States

• (4) There were particular reasons why the maintenance

regulation abolished exequatur

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Abolizione dell'exequatur (seg.)

• Perché l’exequatur non dovrebbe essere abolito:

• (1) Non abbiamo avuto abbastanza esperienza con i regalement che hanno già abolito l’exequatur

• (2) L’abolizione dell’exequatur avebbe l’effetto di concentrare tutte le procedure nel paese di origine della decisione giudiziaria alle spese della parte nell’altro paese

• (3) Non c’è abbastanza fiducia reciproca negli ordini giuridici degli altri Stati membri

• (4) Ci sono delle ragioni particolari per l’abolizione dell’exequatur nel caso del regolamento sugli obblighi alimentari (p.e.)

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Proposed extension of

jurisdiction rules• The extension of the jurisdiction rules of

the regulation to disputes involving defendants domiciled outside the EU; this, the Commission says, would extend the possibility for companies and citizens to sue third-country defendants in the EU as jurisdictional rules under the regulation, such as the place of contractual performance, would become available.

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Forum necessitatis

• forum necessitatis, i.e. the right to bring proceedings before a Member

State court with which the dispute has a ―substantial connection‖, if

―the right to a fair trial or the right of access to justice so requires‖ and

if no other Member State court has jurisdiction under the preceding

rules in the Regulation. In particular, proceedings may be brought

under these circumstances (a) if proceedings would be impossible or

cannot reasonably be brought or conducted in a third State with which

the dispute is closely connected, or (b) if a judgment given in a third

State would not be entitled to recognition and enforcement in the

Member State of the court seised and such recognition and

enforcement is necessary for the claimant’s rights to be satisfied.

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Choice of court

• The Commission proposes enhancing the effectiveness of choice-of-court agreements by stipulating that the court chosen by the parties to resolve their dispute should always have priority, regardless of whether it was first or second seised.

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Prorogation of jurisdiction & lis

pendens

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Effect of a torpedo on choice of

court

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Choice of court and lis pendens

• C-116/02 Erich Gasser Gmbh v MISAT Srl [2003] ECR 14; C-159/02

Gregory Paul Turner v Felix Fareed Ismail Grovit and others [2004]

ECR I 3565

• ECJ rejected use of anti-suit injunction

• Grovit, para 24: At the outset, it must be borne in mind that the

Convention is necessarily based on the trust which the Contracting

States accord to one another’s legal systems and judicial

institutions. It is that mutual trust which has enabled a compulsory

system of jurisdiction to be established, which all the courts within

the purview of the Convention are required to respect, and as a

corollary the waiver by those States of the right to apply their internal

rules on recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments in favour

of a simplified mechanism for the recognition and enforcement of

judgments .

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The Commission’s proposed

solution• (1) Article 32(2) provides that where an agreement referred to

in Article 23 confers exclusive jurisdiction on a court or the

courts of a Member State, the courts of other Member States

shall have no jurisdiction over the dispute until such time as

the court or courts designated in the agreement decline their

jurisdiction.

• (2) The lis pendens provision set out in Article 29 of the

proposed Regulation is expressed to be ―without prejudice‖ to

Article 32(2).

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Brussels I and arbitration

• The present Article 1(2)(d) specifically

excludes arbitration from its scope.

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Brussels I and arbitation (cont.)

• C-185/07 Allianz SpA, Generali

Assicurazioni Generali SpA v West

Tankers Inc

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Brussels I and arbitration (cont.)

• The tension between the operation of the

New York Convention and the Regulation.

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The Commission’s view

• Recital (20): "The effectiveness of arbitration agreements should

also be improved in order to give full effect to the will of the parties.

This should be the case, in particular, where the agreed or

designated seat of an arbitration is in a Member State. This

Regulation should therefore contain special rules aimed at avoiding

parallel proceedings and abusive litigation tactics in those

circumstances. The seat of the arbitration should refer to the seat

selected by the parties or the seat designated by an arbitral tribunal,

by an arbitral institution or by any other authority directly or indirectly

chosen by the parties."

• Partial removal of the exclusion of arbitration from Article 1.

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The Commission’s view (cont.)

• Better coordination of proceedings

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View of the rapporteur

• Return to status quo prior to West Tankers

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The question of bilateral agreements (see Regulations (EC)

Nos 662/2009 and 664/2009)

• Rationale for the regulations

• Opinion 1/03 of 7 February 2006 relating to

the conclusion of the new Lugano

Convention - criticism

• Status quo

• Arrangements introduced by the

regulations to deal with exclusive

competence

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Bilaterals (cont.)

• The question of the extension of the Regulation to cover recognition

and enforcement of judgments – the crux of the problem for the

Member States. The review clause:

• In order to ensure that sufficient experience has been gained

concerning the application of this Regulation, the Commission

should submit a report on such application no earlier than eight

years after the adoption of this Regulation. In that report, the

Commission, exercising its prerogatives, should confirm the

temporary nature of this Regulation or examine whether this

Regulation should be replaced by a new Regulation covering the

same subject matter or including also particular matters falling within

the exclusive competence of the Community and governed by other

Community instruments, as referred to in recital 5. = Brussels I !!!

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What happens in the European

Parliament• Competent committee = JURI

• Workshop 20 September 2011

• Deadline for amendments 21 September

• Vote in October 2011?

• Rapporteur + shadows + Presidency + COM – informal

trilogues

• First reading agreement ?(see ANNEX XXI to the Rules

of Procedure : Code of conduct for negotiating in the

context of the ordinary legislative procedures)

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La proposta diregolamento del Parlamento europeo e del Consigliorelativo alla competenza, alla legge applicabile, al riconoscimento e all'esecuzione delle decisioni e degli atti pubblici in materia di successioni e alla creazione di un certificato successorio europeo

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L’Europa e le successioni

• 11,3 millioni di cittadini

• 580.000 morti "transfrontalieri"

• 123 milliardi di euro di patrimonio

• 11.3 millions de citoyens

• 580.000 morts "transfrontaliers

• 123 milliards d'euro

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Perché uno strumento

europeo?

Situazione giuridica

regole di conflitto diverse:

nazionalità (la maggioranza degli Stati membri), domicilio, residenza abituale eventualmente lex situs per immobili

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Paesi partecipanti

• All Member States except Denmark.

Ireland and UK opted out pro tem

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Effetti dell’opt out del RU e

Irlanda• Bilan rapide

• UK

• De 2004 à 2007, la population venant des 13 Etats de l'Union a augmenté continuellement.

• 2004 - 768 000 immigrés (sans l'irlande) sur 53 807 000

• 2005 - 767 000 sur 53 872 000

• 2006 - 809 000 sur 53 770 000

• 2007 - 832 000 sur 53 791 000

• sur 451 700 immigrants, 31 % viennent des 27 pays de l'UE contre 69 % qui viennent des pays 1/3

• IRLANDE

• sur 84 400 immigrants, 77 % viennent des 27 pays de l'UE contre 23 % venant des pays 1/3

• En avril 2006 - 10 289 allemands résidaient en Irlande (en augmentation depuis 2002)

• 9046 français (augmentation depuis 2002)

• (date ? = avant le recensement : 6190 italiens et ??? espagnols).

• Continentaux vivant dans le RU et en Irlande pourront pas bénéficier du règlement; les britanniques et les irlandais vivant en Europe continentale auront les avantages du nouveau règlement, p.e. choix de loi.

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Validità formale

• (19) Non è oggetto del presente regolamento la validità formale delle disposizioni mortis causa. Il suo campo d'applicazione, per gli Stati membri che l'hanno ratificata, è disciplinato dalle disposizioni della Convenzione dell'Aia del 5 ottobre 1961 sui conflitti di legge in materia di forma delle disposizioni testamentarie

• Considerando 19

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Validité formelle• (19) La validité quant à la forme des

dispositions à cause de mort n'est pas

couverte par le règlement. Pour les États

membres l'ayant ratifiée, elle est régie

dans son champ d'application par les

dispositions de la Convention de La Haye

du 5 octobre 1961 sur les conflits de lois

en matière de forme des dispositions

testamentaires.

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Formal validity

• Recital 19

• (19) The validity of the form of dispositions of property upon death is not covered by the Regulation. For the Member States which have ratified it, its scope is governed by the provisions of the Hague Convention of 5 October 1961 on the conflicts of laws relating to the form of testamentary dispositions.

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Esclusioni

• artt. 1, paragrafs 2 e 3

• 1. Il presente regolamento si applica alle successioni a causa di morte. Esso non si applica alle materie fiscali, doganali e amministrative.

• 3. Sono esclusi dall'ambito d'applicazione del presente regolamento:– lo stato delle persone fisiche, i rapporti di famiglia e i rapporti che hanno effetti comparabili;

– la capacità giuridica delle persone fisiche, fatto salvo l'articolo 19, paragrafo 2, lettere c) e d);

– la scomparsa, l'assenza e la morte presunta di una persona fisica;

– le questioni inerenti al regime patrimoniale tra coniugi e al regime patrimoniale applicabile a rapporti che hanno effetti comparabili al matrimonio;

– le obbligazioni alimentari;

– i diritti e beni creati o trasferiti con strumenti diversi dalla successione a causa di morte, quali le liberalità, la comproprietà con reversibilità a favore del superstite, i piani pensione, i contratti di assicurazione e accordi analoghi, fatto salvo l'articolo 19, paragrafo 2, lettera j);

– le questioni inerenti al diritto delle società, quali le clausole contenute negli atti costitutivi e negli statuti di società, associazioni e persone giuridiche che stabiliscono la destinazione delle quote di partecipazione alla morte dei loro membri;

– lo scioglimento, l'estinzione e la fusione di società, associazioni e persone giuridiche;

– la costituzione, il funzionamento e lo scioglimento di trust;

– la natura dei diritti reali sui beni e la pubblicità di tali diritti.

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Exclusions

• art. 1, paragraphes 2 et 3

• 1. Le présent règlement s’applique aux successions à cause de mort. Il ne s'applique pas aux matières fiscales, douanières et administratives.

• 3. Sont exclus du champ d'application du présent règlement:

• l'état des personnes physiques ainsi que les relations de famille et les relations qui ont des effets comparables;

• la capacité juridique des personnes physiques, sous réserve de l'article 19, paragraphe 2, points c) et d);

• la disparition, l'absence et la mort présumée d'une personne physique;

• les questions relevant du régime matrimonial ainsi que du régime patrimonial applicable aux relations qui ont des effets comparables au mariage;

• les obligations alimentaires;

• les droits et biens créés ou transférés autrement que par succession à cause de mort, tels que les libéralités, la propriété conjointe de plusieurs personnes avec réversibilité au profit du survivant, les plans de retraite, les contrats d’assurances et les arrangements analogues, sous réserve de l'article 19, paragraphe 2, point j);

• les questions relevant du droit des sociétés, telles que les clauses contenues dans les actes constitutifs et dans les statuts de sociétés, d’associations et de personnes morales qui fixent le sort des parts à la mort de leurs membres;

• la dissolution, l’extinction et la fusion de sociétés, d’associations et de personnes morales;

• la constitution, le fonctionnement et la dissolution des trusts;

• la nature des droits réels portant sur un bien et la publicité de ces droits

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Exclusions

• Article 1(2), (3)

• 2. It shall not apply to revenue, customs or administrative matters.

• 3. The following shall be excluded from the scope of this Regulation:

• the status of natural persons, as well as family relationships and relationships which are similar in effect;

• the legal capacity of natural persons, notwithstanding Article 19(2)(c) and (d);

• the disappearance, absence and presumed death of a natural person;

• questions regarding the matrimonial property regime and the property regime applicable to relationships which are deemed to have comparable effects to marriage;

• maintenance obligations;

• rights and assets created or transferred other than by succession to the estate of deceased persons, including gifts, such as in joint ownership with right of survival, pension plans, insurance contracts and or arrangements of a similar nature, notwithstanding Article 19(2)(j);

• questions covered by company law, such as clauses contained in company memoranda of association and articles of association, associations and legal persons and determining what will happen to the shares upon the death of their partners;

• the dissolving, closure and merging of enterprises, associations and legal persons;

• the constitution, functioning and dissolving of trusts;

• the nature of rights in rem relating to property and publicising these rights.

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Liberalità

• Considerando nr 9 e restituzione ("clawback")

• (9) La validità e gli effetti delle liberalità sono disciplinati dal regolamento (CE) n. 593/2008 del Parlamento europeo e del Consiglio del 17 giugno 2008 sulla legge applicabile alle obbligazioni contrattuali (Roma I). Le liberalità dovranno pertanto essere escluse dal campo di applicazione del presente regolamento, al pari di altri diritti e beni creati o trasferiti con strumenti diversi dalla successione. È tuttavia opportuno che spetti alla legge successoria determinata in applicazione del presente regolamento specificare se tale liberalità o altro atto di disposizione inter vivos che comporti l'acquisizione immediata di un diritto reale possa far sorgere un obbligo di restituzione, riduzione o presa in considerazione nel calcolo delle quote ereditarie secondo la legge successoria.

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Libertalités

• Considérant n° 9 e restittution ("!clawback")

• (9) La validité et les effets des libéralités sont couverts par le règlement (CE) n° 593/2008 du Parlement européen et du Conseil du 17 juin 2008 sur la loi applicable aux obligations contractuelles (Rome I) Elles devraient donc être exclues du champ d'application du présent règlement, à l'instar d'autres droits et biens créés ou transférés autrement que par succession. Néanmoins, c'est la loi successorale déterminée en application du présent règlement qui devrait préciser si cette libéralité ou autre forme de disposition inter vivos avec effet de droit réel immédiat peut donner lieu à une obligation de rapport ou de réduction ou de prise en compte dans le calcul des parts héréditaires selon la loi successorale.

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Inter vivos gifts

• Recital 9 and clawback• (9) The validity and effects of gifts are covered by

Regulation (EC) No 593/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008 on the law applicable to contractual obligations (Rome I). They should therefore be excluded from the scope of this Regulation in the same way as other rights and assets created or transferred other than by succession. However, it is the law on succession determined pursuant to this Regulation which should specify if this gift or other form of provisions inter vivos giving rise to an immediate right in rem can lead to any obligation to restore or account for gifts when determining the shares of heirs or legatees in accordance with the law on succession.

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Numerus clausus

• considerando nr 10

• (10) Sebbene spetti al presente regolamento definire il modo di acquisto di un diritto reale su beni materiali o immateriali ai sensi della legge applicabile alla successione, è invece opportuno che soggiaccia alle norme nazionali sul conflitto di leggi l'elenco tassativo ("numerus clausus") dei diritti reali riconosciuti dal diritto nazionale degli Stati membri, disciplinato in linea di principio dalla lex rei sitae. E' altresì opportuno che sia esclusa dal campo d'applicazione del presente regolamento la pubblicità di tali diritti, in particolare il funzionamento dei registri immobiliari e gli effetti dell'iscrizione o della mancata iscrizione in tali registri, aspetti parimenti disciplinati dalla legge locale.

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Numerus clausus

• considérant n° 10

• (10)Tandis que le présent règlement devrait couvrir le mode d'acquisition d'un droit réel portant sur les biens corporels ou incorporels tel que prévu par la loi applicable à la succession, la liste limitative ("numerus clausus") des droits réels pouvant exister dans le droit national des États membres, régie en principe par la lex rei sitae, devrait relever des règles nationales de conflits de lois. La publicité de ces droits, notamment le fonctionnement du registre foncier et les effets d'une inscription ou d'une non inscription dans ce registre, également régis par la loi locale, devrait également être exclue.

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Numerus clausus

• Recital 10• (10) While this Regulation should cover the

method of acquiring a right in rem in respect of tangible or intangible property as provided for in the law governing the succession, the exhaustive list (“numerus clausus”) of rights in rem which may exist under the national law of the Member States, which is, in principle, governed by the lex rei sitae, should be included in the national rules governing conflict of laws. The publication of these rights, in particular the functioning of the land registry and the effects of entry or failure to make an entry into the register, which is also governed by local law, should also be excluded.

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Competenza giudiziaria

• artt. 4, 5, 6

• Articolo 4Competenza generale

• Fatte salve le disposizioni del presente regolamento, sono competenti a decidere in materia di successioni gli organi giurisdizionali dello Stato membro nel cui territorio il defunto aveva la residenza abituale al momento della morte.

• Articolo 5Rinvio all'organo giurisdizionale più adatto a conoscere della causa

• 1. Nelle ipotesi in cui il defunto avesse scelto la legge di uno Stato membro per disciplinare la sua successione conformemente all'articolo 17, l'organo giurisdizionale adito in conformità dell'articolo 4 può, su istanza di parte e se ritiene che gli organi giurisdizionali dello Stato membro della legge scelta siano più adatti a conoscere della causa, sospendere il giudizio e invitare le parti ad adire gli organi giurisdizionali di quello Stato.

• 2. L'organo giurisdizionale competente ai sensi dell'articolo 4 fissa un termine entro il quale devono essere aditi, in conformità del paragrafo 1, gli organi giurisdizionali dello Stato membro della legge scelta. Decorso inutilmente tale termine, la competenza continua ad essere esercitata dall'organo giurisdizionale precedentemente adito.

• 3. Gli organi giurisdizionali dello Stato membro della legge scelta accettano la competenza entro un termine massimo di otto settimane dal momento in cui sono aditi in conformità del paragrafo 2. In questo caso, l'organo giurisdizionale precedentemente adito declina la propria competenza. In caso contrario, la competenza continua ad essere esercitata dall'organo giurisdizionale precedentemente adito.

• Articolo 6Competenza residua

• Se, al momento della morte, il defunto non risiedeva abitualmente in nessuno Stato membro, sono comunque competenti gli organi giurisdizionali di uno Stato membro in quanto alcuni beni della successione si trovano nel suo territorio e:

• la precedente residenza abituale del defunto era stabilita in quello Stato membro, purché questi non abbia cessato di risiedervi più di cinque anni prima che fosse adito l'organo giurisdizionale; o, in mancanza,

• il defunto possedeva la cittadinanza di quello Stato membro al momento della morte; o, in mancanza,

• un erede o legatario risiede abitualmente in quello Stato membro; o, in mancanza,

• la domanda riguarda esclusivamente tali beni.

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Compétence judiciaire

• arts 4, 5, 6

• Article 4Compétence générale

• Sous réserve des dispositions du présent règlement, sont compétentes pour statuer en matière de successions les juridictions de l'État membre sur le territoire duquel le défunt avait sa résidence habituelle au moment de son décès.

• Article 5Renvoi aux juridictions mieux placées pour connaître de l'affaire

• 1. Lorsque la loi d'un État membre a été choisie par le défunt pour régir sa succession conformément à l'article 17, la juridiction saisie conformément à l'article 4 peut, à la demande d'une partie et si elle considère que les juridictions de l'État membre dont la loi a été choisie sont mieux placées pour statuer sur la succession, sursoir à statuer et inviter les parties à saisir d'une demande les juridictions de cet État Membre.

• 2. La juridiction compétente conformément à l'article 4 impartit un délai durant lequel les juridictions de l'État membre dont la loi a été choisie doivent être saisies conformément au paragraphe 1er. Si les juridictions ne sont pas saisies durant ce délai, la juridiction saisie continue à exercer sa compétence.

• 3. Les juridictions de l'État membre dont la loi a été choisie se déclarent compétentes dans un délai maximum de huit semaines àcompter de la date à laquelle elles ont été saisies conformément au paragraphe 2. Dans ce cas, la juridiction première saisie décline sans délai sa compétence. Dans le cas contraire, la juridiction première saisie continue d'exercer sa compétence.

• Article 6Compétences résiduelles

• Lorsque la résidence habituelle du défunt au moment du décès n'est pas située dans un État membre, les juridictions d'un État membre sont néanmoins compétentes en vertu du fait que des biens de la succession sont situés dans cet État membre et que:

– le défunt avait sa précédente résidence habituelle dans ledit État membre, pour autant que cette résidence n'ait pas pris fin plus de cinq ans avant la saisine de la juridiction; ou à défaut

– le défunt possédait la nationalité de cet État membre au moment du décès; ou à défaut

– un héritier ou légataire a sa résidence habituelle dans ledit État membre; ou à défaut

• la demande porte uniquement sur ces biens.

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Jurisdiction

• Articles 4, 5, 6

• Article 4General jurisdiction

• Notwithstanding the provisions of this Regulation the courts of the Member State on whose territory the deceased had habitual residence at the time of their death shall be competent to rule in matters of successions.

• Article 5Referral to a court better placed to hear the case

• Where the law of a Member State was chosen by the deceased to govern their succession in accordance with Article 17, the court seised in accordance with Article 4 may, at the request of one of the parties and if it considers that the courts of the Member State whose law has been chosen are better placed to rule on the succession, stay proceedings and invite the parties to seise the courts in that Member State with the application.

• The competent court in accordance with Article 4 shall set a deadline by which the courts of the Member State whose law has been chosen must be seised in accordance with paragraph 1. If the courts are not seised by that deadline, the court seised shall continue to exercise its jurisdiction.

• The courts of the Member State whose law has been chosen shall declare themselves competent within a maximum period of eight weeks from the date on which they were seised in accordance with paragraph 2. In this case, the court seised first shall decline jurisdiction. Otherwise, the court seised first shall continue to exercise its jurisdiction.

• Article 6Residual jurisdiction

• Where the habitual residence of the deceased at the time of death is not located in a Member State, the courts of a Member State shall nevertheless be competent on the basis of the fact that succession property is located in that Member State and that:

– the deceased had their previous habitual residence in that Member State, provided that such residence did not come to an end more than five years before the court was deemed to be seised; or, failing that,

– the deceased had the nationality of that Member State at the time of their death; or, failing that,

– an heir or legatee has their habitual residence in the Member State; or, failing that,

– the application relates solely to this property.

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LOI APPLICABLE

• Article 16Règle générale

• Sauf disposition contraire du présent règlement, la loi applicable à l'ensemble de la succession est celle de l'État dans lequel le défunt avait sa résidence habituelle au moment de son décès.

• Article 17Liberté de choix

• 1. Une personne peut choisir comme loi régissant l’ensemble de sa succession la loi de l'État dont elle possède la nationalité.

• 2. La désignation de la loi applicable à la succession doit être expresse et contenue dans une déclaration revêtant la forme d’une disposition à cause de mort.

• 3. L'existence et la validité au fond du consentement quant à cette désignation sont régies par la loi désignée.

• 4. La modification ou la révocation par son auteur d’une telle désignation de la loi applicable doit remplir en la forme les conditions de la modification ou de la révocation d’une disposition à cause de mort.

• NB: PAS DE CHOIX DE LOI IMPLICITE - Cf. Max Planck•• NB Article 25

Caractère universel• La loi désignée par le présent règlement s'applique même si cette loi n'est pas celle d'un État membre.•• NB Article 26

PAS DE Renvoi• Lorsque le présent règlement prescrit l’application de la loi d’un État, il vise les règles de droit en vigueur

dans cet État à l’exclusion des règles de droit international privé.

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APPLICABLE LAW

• Applicable law

• Article 16General rule

• Unless otherwise provided for in this Regulation, the law applicable to the succession as a whole shall be that of the State in which the deceased had their habitual residence at the time of their death.

• Article 17Freedom of choice

• A person may choose as the law to govern the succession as a whole the law of the State whose nationality they possess.

• The law applicable to the succession must be expressly determined and included in a declaration in the form of a disposition of property upon death.

• The existence and the validity in substantive terms of the consent to this determination shall be governed by the determined law.

• Modification or revocation by its author of such a determination of applicable law must meet the conditions for the modification or revocation of a disposition of property upon death.

• NB: NO IMPLIED CHOICE OF LAW - Max Planck

• NB: Article 25Universal nature

• Any law specified by this Regulation shall apply even if it is not the law of a Member State.

• NB: Article 26NO RENVOI

• When the regulation refer to the application of the law of a State, it means the rules of law in force in that State NOT INCLUDING its rules of private international law.

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PROCEDURA LEGISLATIVA

• Procedura ordinaria

• Relatore: Kurt Lechner, notaio tedesco

• Presidenza polacca

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