Toward 2050 in North Carolina

8/2/2019 Toward 2050 in North Carolina

1/26

Toward 2050 in North Carolina

A Roundtable Report on the Changing Face o the Tar Heel Stat

Julie Ajinkya and Rachel Wil May 2012

www.americanprogress.o


2/26

Toward 2050 in North CarolinaA Roundtable Report on the Changing Face

o the Tar Heel State

Julie Ajinkya and Rachel Wil May 2012

About Progress 2050

Progress 2050, a project o the Center or American Progress, seeks to lead, broaden, and strengthen the progressive

movement by working toward a more inclusive progressive agendaone that truly reects our nations rich ethnic and

racial diversity. By 2050 there will be no ethnic majority in our nation and to ensure that the unprecedented growth o

communities o color also yields uture prosperity, we work to close racial disparities across the board with innovative

policies that work or all.

About PolicyLink

PolicyLink is a national research and action institute advancing economic and social equity by Liting Up What Works.

Founded in 1999, PolicyLink connects the work o people on the ground to the creation o sustainable communities o op-

portunity that allow everyone to participate and prosper. Liting Up What Works is our way o ocusing attention on howpeople are working successully to use local, state, and ederal policy to create conditions that benet everyone, especially

people in low-income communities and communities o color. We share our ndings and analysis through our publica-

tions, website and online tools, convenings, national summits, and in briengs with national and local policymakers.


3/26

1 Introduction and summary

4 Why North Carolina?

7 Changes in the aging population and multigenerational households

7 Changes in workforce needs

10 Demographic change offers Raleigh challenges

and opportunities

10 Addressing the regions intertwined challenges of employment and educat

edunomics 14 Raleigh fights inter-communal division through coalitions

16 Intergenerational leadership prepares North Carolina for demographic cha

19 Conclusion

20 About the Authors and acknowledgments

21 List of participants at the convening

in Raleigh, North Carolina

22 Endnotes

Contents


4/26

1 c a pg |tw 2050 n cl

Introduction and summary

Te Unied Saes is rapidly approaching he poin where here will no longer be

any clear racial or ehnic majoriyas soon as he year 2042. A he same ime,

he ases-growing racial and ehnic groups were hi rs and wors by he recen

economic downurn and ace persisen barriers o achieving he levels o edu-

caion, healh, and employmen ha our naion needs o succeed in he global

economy. As he enire counry undergoes his dramaic demographic ransorma-

ion, leaders in governmen, business, philanhropy, and he civic secor mus ake

seps now o prepare or our more diverse uure.

In many communiies, hese demographic shis are well underway: People

o color are already he majoriy in our saes and in more han 300 counies

across he counry. Communiy leaders working in hese places may well have

wisdom and relevan sraegies o share wih oher communiies as hey prepare

or similar populaion shis.

I is in his spiri ha Progress 2050a projec o he Cener or American

Progressand PolicyLinka naional research and acion insiue advancing

economic and social equiyparnered o hold a series o 2050 roundables in

communiies ha have already experienced aspecs o his demographic shi. Te

roundables are mean o help us learn rom he experiences o hese bellweher

communiies abou wha he res o he counry may have in sore and wha policy

shis are needed o ensure ha our naion embraces is diverse uure. Tis is he

ourh repor in a series documening hese roundable discussions and describes

a conversaion ha ook place in Raleigh, Norh Carolina, in December 2011. Te

rs o our roundables was hosed in Arlingon, Virginia (July 2011), he sec-

ond in Los Angeles, Caliornia (Ocober 2011), and he hird in he San Joaquin

Valley, Caliornia (Ocober 2011).

Te broader goal o he Progress 2050/PolicyLink parnership is o iniiae a

naional conversaion o explore a new vision o wha America can and should be

in 2050, when here won be an ehnic majoriy in our naion. We inend or hese


5/26


conversaions o inorm our policy agenda and ulimaely lead o he craing o

policy ha lis communiies o color and creaes a uure in which all can prosper.

A he Raleigh roundable, as was he case a he preceding roundables, he

paricipans included communiy aciviss, policy researchers, business leaders,

academics, and sa rom eleced oces. (See he atached lis o convening par-icipans on page 20 o his repor.) Te range o heir experise was diverse, span-

ning issues includingbu no limiedo economic developmen, air lending,

nancial securiy, educaion, incarceraion, and civil righs.

We chose Norh Carolina as he sie or his discussion because i is undergoing

a massive populaion shi. Over he pas 10 years, he saes whie populaion

has increased by 12.5 percen, while he saes Arican American populaion has

increased by 17.9 percen, and he saes Hispanic populaion has increased by a

subsanial 111 percen.1 During his same ime he saes populaion has aged a a

rapid pace, resuling in signican changes o boh household and workorce com-posiion. Addiionally, Norh Carolinas young populaionwhich will increas-

ingly deermine he saes housing markes and developmen paterns, as well as

he srengh o he workorcenow predominanly comprises youh o color.

Tese changes, paricularly he youh dynamic, are projeced o have signican impli-

caions on public policy maters in he sae. Consequenly, he number one quesion

ha roundable paricipans discussed concerned wha invesmens and sraegies

mus be immediaely pu in place o ensure ha his growing youh populaion is

prepared o become he saes uure leaders, workers, voers, and homebuyers.

Norh Carolina was also seleced because o is disincive experience wih he

civil righs hisory o his counry, which makes he ac ha communiies o

color coninue o ace persisen inequaliies and dispariies all he more discon-

cering. Mos noably, he iconic Greensboro si-ins o 1960 sared by Arican

American college sudens quickly spread o oher ciies across he sae and

placed enormous economic and poliical pressure on local businesses, evenu-

ally leading hem o begin serving blacks. Several prominen Arican American

Norh Carolinians also became naional leaders in he civil righs movemen,

including Ella Baker o he Suden Nonviolen Coordinaing Commitee, FloydB. McKissick o he Congress o Racial Equaliy, and Reginald Hawkins o he

Naional Associaion or he Advancemen o Colored People (NAACP) and he

Mecklenburg Organizaion or Poliical Aairs. Te saes civil righs hisory and

Over the past 10years, the states

white populatio

has increased

by 12.5 percent,

while the states

African America

population has

increased by 17

percent, and the

states Hispanic

population has

increased by a

substantial 111

percent.


6/26


experience wih youh acivism in paricular made an ineresing backdrop or he

roundable discussion abou increasing levels o diversiy.

We begin our accoun wih some demographic conex abou he sae o Norh

Carolina and he Raleigh region in paricular. We hen move on o discuss he

hree prominen hemes ha roundable paricipans raised rom he regionsexperience in urning challenges ino opporuniies generaed by he saes

increasing levels o diversiy:

Addressing he inerwined challenges o employmen and educaion, or wha

we erm edunomics Fighing inercommunal division hrough coaliions Preparing or he saes uure by invesing in inergeneraional leadership

Lasly, we recoun and make he case ha demographic change is coming, and i

is in everyones bes ineress o ully embrace his change, undersanding why i isindeed a rue opporuniy or he enire counry.


7/26


Why North Carolina?

Judih Bell, he presiden o PolicyLink, kicked o he roundable wih a quick

overview o he demographic change ha is underway in his counry and

described how he upcoming shi o becoming a majoriy-people-o-color coun-

ry underscored he imporance o preparing our enire populaion or he uure.

She explained ha by he year 2018 abou 45 percen o all jobs will require a

leas an associaes degree, ye we know ha only 27 percen o Arican Americans,

26 percen o U.S.-born Lainos, and 14 percen o Laino immigrans hold an

associaes degree. Tis leaves a serious disconnec beween he skills our uureworkorce will require and he curren qualicaions ha our growing populaions

possess. Te pressing quesion, Bell argued, is wha invesmens we need o make

now o atain he educaion levels needed or he jobs o he uure.

Bell explained ha by 2019 he majoriy o youh in he Unied Saes will be

youh o color. In Norh Carolina he change is already eviden. Te saes young

populaion is predominanly made up o children o color while he elderly popu-

laion is sill predominanly whie. Tus he quesion ha Bell posed ocuses on

youh and asks wha sor o invesmens we mus make in his young populaion

o make sure ha hey are prepared o ake he reins o his counrys uure.

Bell also discussed how recen economic research shows ha here is a posiive

relaionship beween equaliy and economic growh. Counries wih greaer

across-he-board equaliy also experience longer-erm and deeper economic

growh, according o a recen Inernaional Moneary Fund sudy ha ound

counries ha were more equal in heir income disribuions had sronger and

more susained periods o economic growh. Research by Manuel Pasor, a

proessor o geography and American sudies and ehniciy a he Universiy

o Souhern Caliornia, and ohers has ound ha regions ha are less segre-gaed and have less concenraed povery also perorm beter economically.2

Accordingly, PolicyLink has been making he argumen or a ocus on equiy

as an economic imperaive, mos noably in a recen paper iled Americas

omorrow: Equiy is he Superior Growh Model.
http://www.policylink.org/atf/cf/%7B97c6d565-bb43-406d-a6d5-eca3bbf35af0%7D/SUMMIT_FRAMING_WEB_FINAL_20120127.PDFhttp://www.policylink.org/atf/cf/%7B97c6d565-bb43-406d-a6d5-eca3bbf35af0%7D/SUMMIT_FRAMING_WEB_FINAL_20120127.PDFhttp://www.policylink.org/atf/cf/%7B97c6d565-bb43-406d-a6d5-eca3bbf35af0%7D/SUMMIT_FRAMING_WEB_FINAL_20120127.PDFhttp://www.policylink.org/atf/cf/%7B97c6d565-bb43-406d-a6d5-eca3bbf35af0%7D/SUMMIT_FRAMING_WEB_FINAL_20120127.PDF


8/26


0% 30% 40% 50%

Percent people of color by county

Ages 65+

Ages 0 to 4

FIGURE 1

A new generation gap

The diverging demographics of seniors and youth

Sources: 2010 Census (Summary File 1), Census TIGER/Line, NHGIS, a

CURRITUCK

DARETYRRELL

HYDE

WASHINGTONMARTIN

BEAUFORT

PAMILCO

CARTERET

CRAVEN

CAMDEN

PASQUOTANK

PERQUIMANS

GATES

CHOWANBERTIE

HERTFORD

NORTHAMPTON

HALIFAX

EDGECOMB

PITT

GREENE

LENOIR

JONES

ONSLOW

PENDER

NEW HANOVER

BRUNSWICK

COLUMBUS

DUPLINSAMPSON

BLADEN

CUMBERLAND

WAYNE

JOHNSTON

WILSON

NASH

FRANKLIN

WARREN

VANCE

GRANVILLE

WAKE

HARNETTLEE

CHATHAM

DURHAM

ORANGE

ALAMANCE

PERSON

CASWELLROCKINGHAM

GUILFORD

RANDOLPH

MOORE

HOKE

ROBESONSCOTLAND

RICHMOND

ANSONUNION

STANLY

MONTGOMERY

MECKLENBURGGASTON

LINCOLN CABARUS

ROWAN

IREDELLDAVIDSON

DAVIE

FORSYTH

STOKESSURRY

ALLEGHANY

ASHE

WILKESYADKIN

ALEXANDERCALDWELL

WATAUGA

AVERY

MITCHELL

YANCEY

MCDOWELL

BURKE CATAWBA

CLEVELAND

RUTHERFORD

POLK

HENDERSON

TRANSYLVANIA

JACKSON

MACON

CLAYCHEROKEE

GRAHAM

SWAIN

HAYWOODBUNCOMBE

MADISON

CURRITUCK

DARETYRRELL

HYDE

WASHINGTONMARTIN

BEAUFORT

PAMILCO

CARTERET

CRAVEN

CAMDEN

PASQUOTANK

PERQUIMANS

GATES

CHOWANBERTIE

HERTFORD

NORTHAMPTON

HALIFAX

EDGECOMB

PITT

GREENE

LENOIR

JONES

ONSLOW

PENDER

NEW HANOVER

BRUNSWICK

COLUMBUS

DUPLINSAMPSON

BLADEN

CUMBERLAND

WAYNEJOHNSTON

WILSON

NASH

FRANKLIN

WARREN

VANCE

GRANVILLE

WAKE

HARNETTLEE

CHATHAM

DURHAM

ORANGE

ALAMANCE

PERSON

CASWELLROCKINGHAM

GUILFORD

RANDOLPH

MOORE

HOKE

ROBESONSCOTLAND

RICHMOND

ANSONUNION

STANLY

MONTGOMERY

MECKLENBURG

GASTON

LINCOLN CABARUS

ROWAN

IREDELL DAVIDSON

DAVIE

FORSYTH

STOKESSURRY

ALLEGHANY

ASHE

WILKESYADKIN

ALEXANDERCALDWELL

WATAUGA

AVERY

MITCHELL

YANCEY

MCDOWELL

BURKE CATAWBA

CLEVELAND

RUTHERFORD

POLKHENDERSON

TRANSYLVANIA

JACKSON

MACON

CLAYCHEROKEE

GRAHAM

SWAIN

HAYWOODBUNCOMBE

MADISON

Source: Judith Bells presentation at the roundtable discussion.


9/26


Nex Bell inroduced Michell Silver, he chie planning and developmen ocer

and planning direcor or he Ciy o Raleigh, Norh Carolina, who presened

some Norh Carolina-specic demographic inormaion o conexualize he

aernoons discussion. Silver began his presenaion by explaining ha one o he

mos surprising elemens o he upcoming demographic change, one ha oen

ges overlooked, is ha mos o he growh over he nex 50 years will be in hesouh and in he wes. He explained ha he Research riangle (he name used o

reer o he geographic region in Norh Carolina ha includes he ciies o Raleigh,

Durham, and Chapel Hill) alone is projeced o grow by 1.2 million residens and

by abou 700,000 jobs over he nex 20 years.3 Raleigh has grown rom he 54h

larges ciy in he counry in 2005 o he 43rd larges ciy in 2011.4

He explained ha over he pas 10 years, Norh

Carolinas populaion has increased by 12.5

percen or whies, 17.9 percen or Arican

Americans, and an incredible 111 percenor Hispanics. He reasoned ha agriculural

employmen opporuniies were he mos likely

cause or such disparae populaion growh in

he region. Given he racial and ehnic break-

down o Raleigh (see Figure 2), Silver said

one o he pressing quesions ha he region

was likely o ace was how he non-Hispanic

whie and black populaions would reac o he

exploding Hispanic populaion. School diversiy

policies, he argued, would be paricularly iner-

esing o wach over he nex couple o decades.

Fitingly, a large par o he roundable discus-

sion ollowing Silvers demographic presena-

ion did, in ac, address his issue.

Beore concluding his opening remarks, Silver

wen on o describe wo imporan demographic

rends in he regionchanges in he aging popu-

laion and muligeneraional households, and changes in workorce needs.

FIGURE 2

Change in race/ethnicity

Raleigh, North Carolina (2000-2010)

Source: Figure composed by author based on demographic data presented in Mitche

Silvers presentation that cites the SAS, North Carolina Trends Report.

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

2000

Whites

African Americans

Hispanics

Asians

Other races


10/26


Changes in the aging population and multigenerational

households

Boh naional and regional populaions are aging quickly. Across he counry,

by 2030 one in ve Americans will be over he age o 65.5 In Norh Carolina he

percenage o residens over he age o 65 will increase by 124 percen rom 2000o 2030.6 In addiion o he graying o he populaion, household composiion

is also quickly changing. By 2050 he overwhelming majoriy o households in

he Unied Saes will be headed by single aduls and will increasingly become

muligeneraional. Te later change has o do wih an increasing number o

2534-year-olds moving back in wih heir parens (his populaion increased by

25.5 percen rom 20072011), as well as he parens o baby boomers and baby

boomers hemselves moving ino heir childrens households, due o eiher rising

healh care coss or heir inabiliy o ake care o hemselves as hey age.

Silver argued ha hese changes will have serious implicaions or NorhCarolina residens. For insance, in regards o he aging populaion, he region

will need more young workers o ake care o is elderly residens, and he ax

base or local governmen migh ace increasing challenges as seniors seek

propery ax relie due o heir xed incomes. When i comes o he changing

composiion o households, Silver worried ha he dieren household sruc-

ures will creae a mismach in he housing markeexpers esimae ha here

will be an excess invenory o 22 million single-amily homes by 2030 wih no

buyer marke o purchase hose homes.7 He also prediced ha land-use paterns

and he need or greaer public ransporaion opions would change as seniors

realized hey could no longer drive.

Changes in workforce needs

Silver also explained ha he graying o he populaion is going o impac he

regions uure workorce needs. Te percenage o he populaion, or example,

ha is considered working-age (aged 1864) across he counry is projeced o

decline rom 63 percen in 2008 o 57 percen in 2050. Moreover, 50 percen

o he working-age populaion is projeced o be made up o workers o colorby 2039, wih ha number increasing o 55 percen by he year 2050.8 Tis will

mean ha he counry as a whole will increasingly rely on a racially and ehnically

diverse workorce o compee in a 21s cenury global economy.


11/26


Ye, he implicaions o hese changes in workorce needs highligh he ac ha

curren invesmens are ailing o prepare he regions youh o color o comprise he

workorce o he uure. Silver explained ha, despie being among he ases grow-

ing groups, Arican Americans and Hispanics have he lowes educaional atain-

men raes in he Raleigh region25 percen and 17 percen, respecively. Tus, he

main quesion ha Silvers demographic presenaion posed o roundable parici-pans was abou wha invesmens are currenly needed o make sure ha he region

can improve is raes o educaional atainmen among is uure leaders, workers,

voers, and homebuyers o ensure a collecive sense o prosperiy or all.

Te generaion gap ha Silver describes in boh o he rends abovewhere

he growing graying populaion is predominanly whie, and he growing youh

populaion is predominanly made up o youh o coloris a serious concern

or he sae, as i may creae an inergeneraional gh over resources. According

o he U.S. Census Bureaus 2010 American Communiy Survey, 44.9 percen

o Norh Carolinas under-18 populaion is made up o children o color. Bycomparison, only 34.8 percen o he saes populaion over age 60 is made

up o people o color. Wha his means is ha a signican percenage o he

elderly populaion may eel disconneced wih he younger populaion and resis

invesing in he laters uure.

Silver said ha as residens begin o age in he region, hey are saring o express a

sense o relucance o coninue carrying he ax load because o heir own limied

resources. Educaional unding was one o he cleares casualies o he saes

recen budge negoiaions; i has clearly suered as a resul o his decreasing pool

o resources. Te Norh Carolina Jusice Cener esimaes ha 19,215 sudens

were impaced by he mos recen budge cus in June 2011. Te cus direcly led

o he loss o 915 eacher posiions and 2,042 eaching assisan posiions rom

he 201011 school year o he 201112 school year. Since 2009 Norh Carolina

schools have heavily relied on $1.6 billion in ederal unding o supplemen alloca-

ions rom he sae. Even wih hese exra resources, 16,678 public school posi-

ions have been eliminaed since he sar o he Grea Recession in 2007.

Te racial and ehnic composiion o his generaion gap is mirrored bynaional

rends as wellwhereas 64 percen o he 65-years-and-older populaion waswhie in 2010, his number is projeced o all o beween 45 percen and 48

percen by he year 2050. Dowell Myers, a noed demographer and proessor

o planning and developmen a he Universiy o Souhern Caliornias School

o Policy, explains he shorsighedness o he older populaions relucance

Despite being

among the faste

growing groups

African America

and Hispanics

have the lowest

educational

attainment rates

in the Raleigh

region25 perc

and 17 percent,

respectively.
http://ncjustice.org/sites/default/files/BTC%20Just%20the%20Facts_Real%20Solutions%20Require%20Real%20Facts.pdfhttp://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2011/10/pdf/frey_presentation.pdfhttp://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2011/10/pdf/frey_presentation.pdfhttp://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2011/10/pdf/frey_presentation.pdfhttp://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2011/10/pdf/frey_presentation.pdfhttp://ncjustice.org/sites/default/files/BTC%20Just%20the%20Facts_Real%20Solutions%20Require%20Real%20Facts.pdf


12/26


o inves in he uure o an increasingly diverse youh populaionhe more

educaed a child becomes, he argues, he beter he job he or she qualies or

and he more money he or she is able o give back o sociey.9 In addiion o

being our uure workorce and axpayers, his youh populaion will also be our

uure leaders, voers, and homebuyersall vial roles ha will also increasingly

aec he aging populaion. Silver compared his period o demographic changeo previous periods in Unied Saes hisory where Americans have made sacri-

ces or he uure and said ha i is ime once again o make a similar decision

in he bes ineress o our enire counry.


13/26

10 c a pg |tw 2050 n cl

Demographic change offers

Raleigh challenges and

opportunities

Te conversaion was hen urned back o Bell, who began he discussion by ask-

ing paricipans or broad reacions o hese demographic acs abou Raleighs

growh agains a backdrop o larger naional demographic changes. Paricipans

agreed ha increasing diversiy in he region was a pressing concern and ha he

only real way o promoe growh and prosperiy in Norh Carolina was o creae

growh and prosperiy or all o he various communiies ha reside in he sae.

Driven by he quesion o wha invesmens were necessary o creae his uuregrowh, paricipans raised he ollowing hree main areas o concern:

Edunomics, or he ineracion beween educaion and employmen Cross-communiy coaliion work Inergeneraional leadership

Addressing the regions intertwined challenges of employment

and education, or edunomics

One o he mos prominen hemes ha paricipans raised in reacion o he pre-

senaion abou changing demographics in he region was an issue reerred o as

edunomics, which encompasses he inexricable relaionship beween educaion

and employmen. I was noed ha he region is experiencing challenges in boh

areas, bu paricipans agreed ha rying o deermine which oneeducaion or

employmenshould be ackled rs was impossible. Insead, paricipans sug-

gesed ha invesmens should be made in boh areas o ensure ha he regions

youh receive he educaion hey need o succeed in a rapidly changing workorce.

According o he Census Bureau, Arican Americans and Lainos have higher

unemploymen raes han non-Hispanic whie residens in Norh Carolina

he unemploymen rae in 2010 was 19.1 percen or Arican Americans and


14/26

11 c a pg |tw 2050 n cl

14.6 percen or Lainos, while i was 10.5 percen or non-Hispanic whies.

Addiionally, 27.7 percen o Arican Americans and 33.9 percen o Lainos

lived in povery in Norh Carolina in 2010, while he rae was 11.8 percen or

non-Hispanic whies.

In ligh o hese glaring dispariies, paricipans emphasized he imporanceo coninuing o inves in workorce raining programs ha would close boh

employmen and earning gaps. Parick Graham wih he Naional Urban League

Cenral Ciies emphasized he imporance o inclusion o he economyha is,

making sure ha he public undersands ha public invesmens in job opporuni-

ies or diverse communiies do generae economic reurns o he enire com-

muniy. He cied he Urban Leagues shor-erm raining programs in wha he

organizaion calls 21s cenury skills. Specically he noed a program ha invess

$700,000 in helping Arican Americans and Lainos obain naional cericaion

in broadband ber opics and placing hose individuals in jobs a companies such

as Microso. Teir research shows ha his relaively small invesmen yieldedan esimaed $7,490,000 in salaries in 2011, indicaing ha smar invesmens

can generae large economic asses in he communiyin he orm o improved

employmen opporuniies and earnings, which in urn allow residens o conrib-

ue back o economic growh in he region.

Research on he increasing levels o buying power o Norh Carolinas communi-

ies o color underlines he argumens made by our roundable paricipans ha

invesing in diverse communiies would bene he enire region. According o a

repor released by Norh Carolinas Insiue o Minoriy Economic Developmen,

rom 2000 o 2010 he saes Arican American communiys buying power

increased rom $28 billion o $44 billion. Norh Carolinas Hispanic commu-

niys buying power increased rom $5.1 billion o $14.2 billion during ha same

10-year period, while he saes Asian American communiys buying power

increased rom $2.9 billion in 2000 o $6.9 billion in 2010.10

urning rom he issue o buying power, Gabriela Zabala rom he Norh Carolina

governors oce moved he conversaion o economic empowermen and ocused

on wha she called he Laino communiys bigges challenge: he lack o eco-

nomic developmen. She said i is a problem also experienced by he AricanAmerican communiy in Durham. While many members o communiies o color

are enrepreneurs, many also lack he nancial lieracy and raining needed o

make heir businesses prosper. Addiionally, she said ha banks ail o provide

loans ha would make Laino businesses more susainable.

African America

and Latinoshave higher

unemployment

rates than non-

Hispanic white

residents in Nor

Carolinathe

unemployment

rate in 2010 was

19.1 percent for

African America

and 14.6 percen

for Latinos, whil

was 10.5 percen

for non-Hispani

whites.


15/26

12 c a pg |tw 2050 n cl

Te Laino Communiy Credi Union (also known as he Cooperaiva Laina

Credi Union), an organizaion represened a he roundable, has served as

a paricularly successul model in expanding economic securiy o immigran

communiies. Te credi union primarily serves low-income individuals (95

percen), and is services are ailored o new immigrans, 95 percen o whom are

Hispanic. I oers a ree nancial lieracy program, which includes workshopson uilizing a nancial insiuion, saving and budgeing, building credi, buying

a vehicle, and purchasing a home. I also oers a wide range o aordable and

accessible nancial producs, including deposi accouns, remitances, credi

builder loans, credi cards, car loans, and morgage loans.11 Te credi union is

commited o providing economic opporuniy or all, and is naional award-

winning work is a useul model ha could be replicaed elsewhere o improve he

economic securiy o radiionally economically insecure populaions.

Numerous paricipans poined ou ha hese economic concerns could no be

discussed wihou simulaneously addressing educaion in he region. Specically,paricipans poined o a school diversiy debae ha has aken place or he pas

ew years in Wake Couny, Norh Carolina, as an example o diversiy ulimaely

being valued in he school sysem and dieren acions o he communiy rallying

ogeher in suppor o inegraion.

In 2010 he Wake Couny School Board did away wih he diversiy policy

ha had been in operaion in he couny since 2000. Te policy had considered

income as a primary acor in assigning sudens o schools wih he goal o

limiing he proporion o low-income sudens in any school o no more han

40 percen. Te approach received naional acclamaion, as suden perormance

raes soared, paricularly Arican American and Hispanic sudens es raes, and

i seemed o underline numerous sudies ha showed he academic benes o

economically diversiying schools.12

In 2009, however, a newly eleced bloc o our Republican members on he school

board fipped is composiion rom eigh o one in avor o busing, o ve o our

in opposiion.13 Te school board debae became a parisan division beween

hose members who suppored he diversiy policy and he new members who

advocaed or neighborhood schools or communiy assignmen zones, wheresudens would atend schools in close proximiy o heir addressin eec, con-

cenraing low-income sudens in low-income schools.


16/26

13 c a pg |tw 2050 n cl

While many people hough ha he 2009 elecion was a reerendum on ending

busing o achieve school diversiy, Michell Silver explained ha he 2011 elecion

proved ha residens valued boh diversiy and Wake Counys naional repuaion

as an ousanding school sysem. Civil righs leaders came ogeher wih business

leaders, parens, and eachers in nonparisan alliances o gh in suppor o diversiy.

Candidaes backed by diversiy supporers swep our o he ve conesed seas andhe board chairman, Ron Margiota, who had led he eor o dismanle he diversiy

policy plan, was deeaeddenying Republicans a majoriy on he school board.14

Silver argued ha his debae gave he communiy an opporuniy o examine is

values and, in he end, a signican majoriy expressed heir suppor or diversiy

in he school sysem. He was paricularly appreciaive o he dicul conversaions

he heard people having abou race as a resul o his debae (because o he high

number o low-income sudens o color)a conversaion he said was dicul o

have and ha mos people avoided, bu one ha his communiy ook head on.

Chris Fizsimon rom he public hink ank NC Policy Wach agreed ha he

elecion ended up being an elecion around he uure o he public school sysem

in Wake Couny. He saw he Wake Couny debae as a microcosm o he larger

debae playing ou in he Norh Carolina legislaure, where a ea pary acion is

rying o push or vouchers and privae, or-pro schools a he expense o inves-

ing in public educaion. He applauded he diverse, grassroos coaliion made up

o groups such as he NAACP, a number o Wake Couny schools, and commited

mohers o sudens, who wen o every board meeing and relenlessly sen ou

press releases o garner suppor or inegraion.

Sill, Fizsimon argued, as much as he inegraion policy had been admired or

is impac on suden perormance, he debae highlighed he counys ongoing

educaional dispariies and suggesed ha he school sysem was sill no improv-

ing he perormance o Arican American sudens, in paricular. According o a

2010 repor on Wake Counys educaional dispariies, signican gaps sill aec

Hispanic sudens, as well. In he 200809 school year, while 89.2 percen o whie

sudens perormed a or above grade level on he End-o-Grade reading com-

prehension es, only 51 percen o Hispanic sudens and 52 percen o Arican

American sudens perormed a he same level.15

Similarly, while 94.5 perceno whie sudens perormed a or above grade level on he End-o-Grade mah

es, only 72.6 percen o Hispanic sudens and 66.6 percen o Arican American

sudens reached he same level.16 While diversiying he counys schools had

cerainly improved raes, Fizsimon argued ha he job was ar rom over.

In the 200809

school year, wh

89.2 percent of

white students

performed at or

above grade lev

on the End-of-

Grade reading

comprehension

test, only 51

percent of Hispa

students and 52

percent of Africa

American stude

performed at th

same level.


17/26

14 c a pg |tw 2050 n cl

Paricipans agreed ha he debaes main srengh was in he coaliion work ha

i promoed among groups ha usually do no come ogeher. A mass demon-

sraion march in Raleigh in suppor o inegraion was incredibly diverse. I no

only brough racially diverse groups ogeher, i also brough ogeher he old, he

young, and advocaes or educaion and or economic developmen.

Raleigh fights inter-communal division through coalitions

Roundable paricipans raised he general need or coaliion building ouside o

he school diversiy debae, as well. In paricular, as demographics change in he

communiy, paricipans worried ha dieren communiies o color would have

diculy nding common ground. One paricipan, or insance, idenied divisive-

ness wihin communiies o color as an obsacle o orward-hinking policy changes.

Anoher paricipan agreed and specically idenied confics beween Arican

Americans and Lainos in he Raleigh-Durham mero area as a challenge ha willhave o be aced and overcome as he areas populaion coninues changing.

Tese worries were corroboraed by a 2006 Pew Research Cener poll ha repored

Arican Americans rom Raleigh-Durham el paricularly hard-hi by he surge in

immigraion in he sae. Specically, he poll repors ha 29 percen o Arican

Americans in he region repored losing a job or having a amily member who los a

job o an immigran worker, 57 percen avored reducing legal immigraion, and 58

percen avored deporing undocumened immigrans. Tese regional numbers were

higher han naional levels or Arican Americans on he same issues.

Anoher roundable paricipan, Lisa Chun, an immigraion atorney rom he

Norh Carolina Jusice Cener, expressed concern ha he sae legislaure was

considering passing ani-immigran legislaion similar o laws ha have aken

eec in boh Arizona and Alabama. In he case o Norh Carolina, a he ime o

he roundable in December, a new commitee was in he mids o being ormed

by sae lawmakers o examine Norh Carolinas role in immigraion policy. In

he commitee hearings ha were held ollowing our Raleigh roundable, sae

legislaors have been invesigaing he eecs o immigraion programs in oher

saes. One elemen o ha invesigaion is o deermine how lawmakers in ohersaes have pushed eors o creae atriion hrough enorcemenpolicies ha

aim o make lie so unbearable or undocumened immigrans ha hey sel-

depor back o heir homelands. Te commitee is also invesigaing he cos o

undocumened immigraion o he axpaying residens o Norh Carolina.


18/26

15 c a pg |tw 2050 n cl

Ye hese programs have been shown o be impracical and expensive o saes,17

and research shows ha mos unauhorized immigrans are already considered

ineligible and hereore do no receive mos governmen services. Ye Chun wor-

ried ha he curren ani-immigran hosiliy spreading around he counry was

also presen in Norh Carolinas research riangle area. Te previously menioned

Pew poll jusied his concern, reporing ha 84 percen o Raleigh-DurhamsArican American populaion believed ha police should be required o check or

immigraion saus during rac sopsa higher percenage han he 67 percen

o whies who agreed his should be a requiremen.18

Paricipans also discussed how divisions have arisen beween communiies o color

and he gay and ransgender communiies in he region. For insance, one parici-

pan observed ha Arican American suppor or gay and ransgender righs may be

lacking in he region, bu i has nohing o do wih he black communiy no avoring

gay righsaer all, no one ges up in he morning and wans o be discriminaed

agains wice, he argued. Insead, he speculaed ha he lack o suppor sems romrusraion wih he gay communiya communiy ha calls or black suppor

when he righs o he gay and ransgender communiy are hreaened bu who oh-

erwise ail o suppor civil righs sruggles based on racial dispariies.

Anoher roundable paricipan agreed ha here is oen a mispercepion among

members o he gay, lesbian, and ransgender communiy ha communiies o

color will no suppor gay and ransgender issues because hey believe ha mos

members rom his communiy are whie, ignoring he signican percenage o

gay communiy members o color. Te paricipan who originally raised he issue,

however, disagreed ha his was he reason and resaed his previous explana-

ion or division beween he wo communiieslack o muual suppor across

group issues. In response, he paricipan who spoke rom he gay, lesbian, and

ransgender perspecive said he was commited o working wih he social jusice

and he human righs communiy, and ha his group was ineresed in developing

coaliions. In ac, he gay communiy jus recenly sared working closely wih

he NAACP, joining he Hisoric Tousands on Jones Sree, or HKonJ, rally and

march ha brings ogeher nearly 100 Norh Carolina social jusice and commu-

niy developmen organizaions o show heir solidariy on diverse issues.

Te HKonJ movemen was menioned a number o imes by paricipans as a

srong example o he ype o coaliion work ha is beginning o bridge hese

inercommunal divisions. Te movemen, which reers o he ac ha he Norh

Carolina House o Represenaives is locaed on Jones Sree, was ounded in


19/26

16 c a pg |tw 2050 n cl

2007. Te coaliion currenly ocuses around an annual march and is organized

in par by he NAACP, promoing a diverse range o issues, including healh care,

voing righs, collecive bargaining, immigran righs, and qualiy public educa-

ion.19 Te march draws ogeher members rom nearly a hundred civil righs and

social jusice groups and is a proud example o he regions abiliy o gh common

sruggles by building coaliions across diverse communiies.20

ogeher NC is anoher such coaliion ha paricipans cied as a successul

example o communiies working across issues. Tis coaliion comprises a number

o nonpros across he sae seeking o block cus o he saes budge in response

o he recession. Fizsimon described ogeher NC as a coaliion o organizaions

o all sripes and ehniciies.

ogeher NCs approach is o push lawmakers o coninue making wise spending

choices (invesing in crucial areas o he saes economy and inrasrucure), while

a he same ime urging hem o recongure he revenue collecion sysem so hai reas all o Norh Carolinas ciizens more equiably. Members o he organiza-

ion include El Pueblo, Inc. (a saewide advocacy and public policy organizaion

oriened around he Laino communiy), he Norh Carolina Laino Coaliion,

he Norh Carolina Minoriy Suppor Cener (recenly renamed Te Suppor

Cener), and he Norh Carolina NAACP.21

Ania Earls, ounder o he Souhern Coaliion or Social Jusice, underlined

he imporance o hese coaliions and said ha black-brown coaliions have

developed in he sae wih a shared undersanding o common sruggles. She

explained, I have voing righs cliens who inegraed heir local library back in

he 60s and 70s, who hen were voing righs plainis o ge a black on he local

couny commission, and now are learning Spanish and running an aerschool

program where heyre bringing in Lainos as well as Arican American sudens.

So heres a recogniion ha heir sruggles, [and he sruggles o ] he new popula-

ions coming ino he sae, hose sruggles mirror he sruggles o heir lieimes.

heres kind o a recogniion ha we can broaden he civil righs movemen o a

human righs movemen and bring in los o people in our advocacy.

Intergenerational leadership prepares Nor th Carolina for

demographic change

Roundable paricipans also discussed he imporance o inergeneraional

coaliion work in addiion o he muliracial, muli-issue coaliion eors oulined


20/26

17 c a pg |tw 2050 n cl

earlier. Parick Graham rom he Naional Urban League Cenral Ciies argued ha

youh engagemen is vial o he regions uure. He noed ha an exraordinary

number o young people were acively engaged in he 2008 presidenial elecion

in large measure because hey ound hen-candidae Barack Obamas message o

be compelling and charismaic, along wih speaking o heir generaions needs.

Ye hree-and-a-hal years ino he Obama adminisraion hey helped o elec,Graham says young people have ailed o ranslae heir elecoral engagemen ino

engagemen wih Norh Carolinas educaional and economic srucures. Par o his

drop-o in energy, he argued, has o do wih elder communiy members and leaders

o civic groups alking in a manner and one geared oward an older demographic,

which ails o appeal o he needs o young people.

According o he Norh Carolina Civil Healh Index, Norh Carolinas populaion

aged 1624 is indeed he leas civically engaged o any group in he sae, mirror-

ing naional rends. While 55 percen o he saes youh aged 1824 voed in he

2008 elecion, his peak in youh voer urnou did no coninue during he 2009elecion cycle, when youh urnou in municipal elecions ell back o he low levels

o he pre-2008 municipal races.22 Furher, according o he Cener or Inormaion

and Research on Civic Learning and Engagemen, voer urnou among Norh

Carolinians aged 1829 in he 2010 miderm elecions was 23.5 percen.23

Michell Silver, while agreeing wih Graham ha young people need o become

more galvanized because hey are he regions uure, noneheless poined ou a

ac ha is oen overlooked when alking abou his young generaion: Tey are

voluneering more han any previous generaion. Silver said ha young people

are willing give back o heir communiies bu noed here is a condiionhey

require a sense o purpose. I issues such as educaion and land use can be commu-

nicaed o his generaion wih a sense o purpose, he chances are high ha young

people will be moivaed o ac, said Silver. Te quesion hen becomes, accord-

ing o Silver, how o communicae a sense o purpose behind all o he work ha

roundable paricipans represen.

Ye i also appears ha his generaion o young people migh be building social

capial in new and innovaive ways ha he radiional merics o voing and

organizaion membership are unable o measure. Online-ineres-driven commu-niies such as new orms o social and digial media may in ac be helping diverse

groups o young people o connec wih one anoher and develop social capial.

Research suggess ha encouraging young people o use echnology o develop

meaningul connecions wih heir peers migh lead o more civic engagemen.24

While 55 percenof the states

youth aged 18

voted in the 200

election, this pe

in youth voter

turnout did not

continue during

the 2009 electio

cycle, when

youth turnout in

municipal electi

fell back to the l

levels of the pre

2008 municipal

races.


21/26

18 c a pg |tw 2050 n cl

Addiionally, a number o organizaions represened a he roundable have

acively involved youh in he process o making change. Te Urban League o

Cenral Carolinas organizes Te Urban League Urban Youh Empowermen

Program, which provides an educaional and raining bridge or a-risk youh.

Te Cooperaiva Laina Credi Union has an award-winning Culure o Saving

program aimed a increasing youh nancial lieracy, which is one o hree pilo proj-ecs ha ocus on hree disinc age groups o encourage a culure o savings across

muliple generaions. Te Naional Conerence o Communiy and Jusice o he

Piedmon riad is recognized widely or is award-winningANYOWN summer

leadership insiue and he ollow-up ANYOWN Anyime programs ha develop

youh leaders as powerul change agens and champions o diversiy and inclusion in

heir schools and communiies. Addiionally, he Norh Carolina governors oce

has aYouh Advocacy and Involvemen Oce ha oers opporuniies or leader-

ship developmen and experienial educaion ha aims o each sudens abou civic

paricipaion by encouraging heir involvemen in governmen.

Melvin Monord, a roundable paricipan rom he A. Philip Randolph Insiue,

inroduced an iniiaive ha he believed held promise in culivaing no only

youh leadership bu ha also addresses some o he racial and ehnic dispari-

ies in educaional atainmen ha Wake Counys inegraion debae raised. Te

program is run by Carolina College Advising Corps/Universiy o Norh Carolina

AmeriCorps and connecs local universiy and college graduaes wih local high

school sudens, where he older sudens serve in advisory roles or he younger

sudens. For insance, Monord visied a high school in Durham ha hosed

recen Universiy o Norh Carolina graduaes as visiing advisors. In addiion o

building upon schools limied budges, where oen only one advisor is burdened

wih counseling hundreds o sudens on career possibiliies, his program enables

sudens who have acually made i hrough college hemselves o counsel younger

sudens abou heir uure higher-educaion opporuniies.
http://www.urbanleaguecc.org/home/?page_id=523http://www.urbanleaguecc.org/home/?page_id=523http://www.cutimes.com/2009/01/14/latino-community-credit-union-gets-innovation-grant-to-promote-savings-http://nccjtriad.org/anytown/index.phphttp://www.doa.nc.gov/yaio/http://www.doa.nc.gov/yaio/http://nccjtriad.org/anytown/index.phphttp://www.cutimes.com/2009/01/14/latino-community-credit-union-gets-innovation-grant-to-promote-savings-http://www.urbanleaguecc.org/home/?page_id=523http://www.urbanleaguecc.org/home/?page_id=523


22/26

19 c a pg |tw 2050 n cl

Conclusion

Despie he ac ha he Norh Carolina roundable conversaion was mean o

ocus on he local experience o he saes residens wih demographic change,

paricipans were eager o make he connecion beween heir experiences and he

demographic shi ha he res o he naion will soon experience. In paricular,

paricipans were concerned wih ormulaing an inclusive narraive ha incorpo-

raed all o he concerns ha were raised hrough heir discussionrom employ-

men and educaional dispariies o nding common ground across dieren

communiies and issues o invesing in he youh populaion as our naions uure.

Some paricipans believed ha his narraive needed o ocus on airness and

inclusiveness o make sure ha our counry would provide opporuniies or all

and no jus a selec ew. Oher paricipans hough ha making an argumen

or invesmens in educaion and workorce-developmen eors mus be ramed

wihin an overarching commimen o keeping our counry compeiive in he

global economy o he uure. Regardless o which naional narraive paricipans

advocaed or, he underlying lesson was he same: Demographic change is com-

ing, and i is in everyones bes ineress o undersand why i is a rue opporuniy

or he enire counry.


23/26

20 c a pg |tw 2050 n cl

About the Authors

Julie Ajinkyais a Policy Analys or Progress 2050 a he Cener or AmericanProgress. Her work ocuses on race, ehniciy, gender, and immigraion poliics,

and she pays paricular atenion o he changing demographics o muliculural

socieies such as he Unied Saes and Wesern Europe. Prior o joining AmericanProgress, she was an insrucor and eaching assisan a Cornell Universiy

while earning her docorae in poliical science. Her pas work has also ocused

on researching global and local womens movemens and he gendered impacs

o inernaional nancial insiuion invesmens in he developing world. She

was a New Voices Fellow rom 2003 o 2005 a he Insiue or Policy Sudies,

where she coordinaed he naional oureach or he insiues Foreign Policy in

Focus projec. Julie earned her masers degree and docorae in governmen rom

Cornell Universiy, where her docoral disseraion examined he poliical behav-

ior o children o Muslim immigrans and heir campaigns or gender-jusice

acivism in Europe and Norh America. She earned a bachelors degree in poliicalscience rom Amhers College.

Rachel Wilfis an inern or Progress 2050 a he Cener or American Progress,

where she assiss wih he eams developmen o policy proposals advancing an

inclusive progressive agenda. Prior o coming o CAP, Rachel conduced archi-

val research as a research assisan wih he Yale Universiy hisory deparmen

and promoed civic engagemen eors wih he Minnesoa Environmenal

Parnerships eld eam. Rachel received her bachelors degree in hisory rom

Yale Universiy, where her research cenered on race and gender in conemporary

American hisory. Her senior hesis ocused on he inegraion o gay and bohe-

mian communiies in 1920s New York Ciy.

Acknowledgments

Te auhors are exremely graeul o hose who helped wih he preparaion o

his repor. Tey would paricularly like o hank all o he paricipans in he

Raleigh roundable convening; Michell Silver, he chie planning and develop-

men ocer and planning direcor or he Ciy o Raleigh, Norh Carolina; JudihBell and Sarah reuha a PolicyLink; and Vanessa Crdenas, Daniella Gibbs

Lger, and Sophia Kerby a he Cener or American Progress.


24/26

21 c a pg |tw 2050 n cl

List of participants at the convening in Raleigh, North Carolina:

Melvin F. Montord A. Philip Randolph Institute

Pat McCoy Action NC

Kevin Rogers Action NC

Sarah Preston American Civil Liberties Union o North Carolina

Abigail English Center or Adolescent Health and the Law at University o North Carolina, Chapel Hill

Mark Dorosin Center or Civil Rights at the University o North Carolina

Keith Corbett Center or Responsible Lending

Kristen Smith Chapel Hill-Carrboro Chamber o Commerce

Erika Bell Cooperativa Latina Credit Union

Luis Pastor Cooperativa Latina Credit Union

Carl Rist Corporation or Enterprise Development

Stuart Campbell Equality NC

Jada Drew Guilord College

Susana Jerez Latin American Coalition

Colin Austin MDC: Equity and Opportunity

Dr. Patrick Graham National Urban League Central Cities

Brigette E. Rasberry NC Association o Community Development Corporations

Carley Ru NC Housing Coalition

Andrea Harris NC Institute o Minority Economic Development

Lisa Chun North Carolina Justice Center

Chris Fitzsimon NC Policy Watch

Anna Lee Working Films

Gabriela Zabala North Carolinas governors ofce

Anita Earls Southern Coalition or Social Justice

Susan Feit The National Conerence or Community and Justice o the Piedmont-Triad

Roberto G. Quercia University o North Carolina, Chapel Hil l


25/26

22 c a pg |tw 2050 n cl

Endnotes

1 mll slv, t cgg dg n cl, - g n cl bl ,db 13, 2011.

2 ml p , Regions That Work: How Cities and SuburbsCanGrow Together(ml: uvy m p,2000); mk d. pg, d i db a u.s.s e Gw?Journal of Regional Science45 (2) (2005):

363394; rll eb, Gg ekk, Jk Klz,db i n o ey: p F o e F. Wkg p 06-05 (Flrv Bk clvl, 2006), vlbl ://www.lvl-.g/r/wk/2006/w06-05..

3 slv, t cgg dg n cl.

4 rlg w 43 lg y us, nBc17, db 12, 2011,vlbl ://www2.b17./w/2011//12/lg-w-43-lg-y---1706161/. slv, mll. a plgLgy: clbg 60 y y lg frlg, n cl. ob 14, 2010.

5 u.s. c B, National Population Projections 2008 (d- c).

6 u.s. c B, Interim State Population Projections (d c, 2005).

7 c Lbg, t nx sl? The Atlantic Magazine(2008).

8 u.s. c B, a ol m dv n by m-y, p l, ag 1 4, 2008, vlbl ://www..gv/w/l/v/l/b08-123.l.

9 my k c a pg v ll tu s 2050: cg nw V F tg ob 18, 2011. F , l : t us 2050: cg nw V F tg, vlbl ://www.g.g/v/2011/10/2050.l(l my 2012).

10 Jy m. hy, a a, nv a, a h Byg pw n cl: e 1990-2010 & pj g 2015 (d, nc: n cli my e dvl, 2010), vlbl

://www../g///bl/By-g_pw__nc_2010e..

11 cv L c u, L cy c urv tw nl aw (2012), vlbl ://l.g//l-y---v-w-l-w.

12 al F, a t s J, rlg c igby i, The New York Times, sb 25, 2005, vlbl ://www.y./2005/09/25//25lg.l?gw=1&gw.

13 rbb Bw, d my e n.c. e dvy pg,The New York Times, Fby 27, 2010, vlbl ://www.y./2010/02/28//28lg.l?=1&q=%20l%20l%20bg&=.

14 Vl s, W y Wk cy l, The Washington Post, ob 20, 2011, vlbl ://www.wg./blg/w-//w--

y---wk-y---l/2011/10/19/giQa-x4yL_blg.l.

15 cl c cz a a cl,a av G Wcpss: eoG rg-W-B Gpwp , Fby 23, 2010, vlbl ://www../34.l.

16 cl c cz a a cl,a av G Wcpss: eoG m, pwp, Fby 23, 2010, vlbl ://www../34.l.

17 mll Fz agl Klly, s c (Wg:c a pg, 2010), vlbl ://www.-g.g//2010/11/z_.l; t Bx, hwGg a-ig Lw cl h s ( n-) ey ( Wg: c a pg, 2011),vlbl :// www.g.g//2011/10/g-

g_g.l; t Bx, alb ig d(Wg: c a pg, 2012), vlbl ://www.g.g//2012/02/lb_-g_.l.

18 cll dy, a tw ig: i Blk W(Wg: pw r c, 2006), vlbl ://w-.g/b/21/-w-g--blk--w.

19 h K (t) J s, vlbl ://.b./.

20 n cl cl c, hK J m (2011), vlbl ://www.l.g/2011/01/k--j-/.

21 W W a vlbl ://g.g/w_w_/ (l my 2012).

22 Klly oB, eggg n cl G Z cv L(Wg: nl c cz, 2012), vlbl ://www../Y-cv-egg-mg-sl-cl.

23 c i r cv Lg egg-, F s: t Y V 2010 (2011), vlbl ://www.vy.g/w-/l/2011/04/t-cps-y-v-2010-Fs-FinaL1..

24 ib.


26/26

The Center or American Progress is a nonpartisan research and educational institute

dedicated to promoting a strong, just, and ree America that ensures opportunity

or all. We believe that Americans are bound together by a common commitment to

these values and we aspire to ensure that our national policies relect these values.

We work to ind progressive and pragmatic solutions to signiicant domestic and

international problems and develop policy proposals that oster a government that

is o the people, by the people, and or the people.

Toward 2050 in North Carolina

Documents

Transcript of Toward 2050 in North Carolina