Tourism SupplyPertemuan 5-6

Matakuliah : G1174/Tourism Management and PlanningTahun : 2007

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Topics

• Map of Tourism Industry• Supply chain management: Attraction, Amenities

and Access

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Objectives

1. To explain the supply chain in tourism industry2. To describe the role of tourism supply in the

tourism system

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Tourism Supply

• Tourism is a composite of activities, services and industries that deliver a travel experience.

• The players who provide activities, services and industries are called as Tourism Supply.

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Attraction &

ActivitiesAccess

Amenities

Three A’s of

Tourism Supply

Destination

Source: Goeldner & Ritchie (2003)

The Tourism Phenomenon: Component of Tourism

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A typical supply chainDestinationOrigin area

Consumer

Purchase a

package holiday

Accommodation

Meals & drinks

Related services

Trip to

destinatio

n

Transfer to

accommodati

on

Visitor on holiday at destinatio

n

The package

Transportation

Tourism industry involment

Tour operator Hotel, Restaurant

Airlines, Cruise lines Bus company

National parks, Beach resort, etc.

Source: Page (2007)

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Three A’s Tourism Supply 1. Attraction and Activities, including: Natural resources, Cultural resources,

Man-made resources2. Access, including:

• Infrastructure - all underground and surface construction • Superstructure - facilities constructed primarily to support tourist activities • Technology - it is shaping the nature of both tourism products and travel

experience, • Information - the ability to assemble, interpret and utilise information in

an effective manner, • Governance - the system surrounding tourism ie. legal, regulation, etc.

3. Amenities, including:• Transportation – typify the movement of people in travel• Accommodation – a place to stay• F&B establishment – a place to be fed• Tourism services – linking ‘experience suppliers’ and the tourist, etc.

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Attraction and Activities

• A fundamental element of any tourists’ itinerary and it is the raison d’etre for the visit.

• Consists of:– Natural resource, naturally occuring and used by visitors

as places to consume tourism (eg. Beach, Mountain, etc.)– Cultural attraction, people learn about each other’s way

of life and tought (eg. Tradition, Way of life, etc.)– Man-made resources, emerged as response to the

developng tourism market in a local and ofter build upon the natural attraction (eg. Theme Park, Leisure Centre, etc.)

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Accessibilities• Infrastructure – all

underground and surface construction Basic things that has not been put in place mainly to serve tourism but have been put in place to meet the needs of residents.

• They are: water supply systems, sewage disposal systems, gas lines, electrical lines, drainage systems, roads, communication networks and commercial facilities.

• Superstructure – facilities constructed primarily to support visitation and tourist activities Facilities that have been developed especially to respond to the demand of visitors.

• They are: Airports, railroads, roads, drives, parking lots, parks, marina & doc facilities, bus and train stations, stores, etc.

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Amenities

• The operating sectors of the tourism industry represent what many of the general public perceived as ‘tourism’.

• They are:– Transportation– Accommodation– F&B establisment– Tourism services

Transportation • “The means to reach the destination and also

means of movement at the destination”• Transportation function:

– Movement from point to point– Part of leisure (quality of journey)

• Types of transportation:

• Basic elements of travel transportation The way Carrying unit Terminal The motive power

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The role of transport in tourist travel

Tourist leaves home area

Tourist leaves home area

Departure terminal

Departure terminal

Destination terminal

Destination terminal

HotelHotel

Train journeyTrain

journeyTour by coach

Tour by coach

Car hireCar hire Local cruiseLocal cruise

Cycle hireCycle hire

Airport shuttle/taxi/public transport/private car

Trip to destination

Transfer to hotel

Transport link

Source: Page (2007)

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Accomodation

• Focal point of holiday and often packaged as part of an experience of a place.

• Range of Accomodation – Paying vs. Non-paying– Services vs. Non-serviced– Owned vs. Rented– Primary purposed vs. Secondary occupation– Static vs. Mobile– Short stay vs. Long stay

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Types of AccomdationTypes of Accomdation• Hotel (Hotel (Inn or LodgeInn or Lodge))• Motel (Motel (motor hotelmotor hotel))• Pondok WisataPondok Wisata• Bumi Perkemahan (Bumi Perkemahan (Camping Camping

Ground)Ground)• Persinggahan (Persinggahan (Homestay or Homestay or

DormitoryDormitory))• Karavan (Karavan (CaravanCaravan))• Losmen (Losmen (LodgementLodgement))• Wisma atau Mess (Wisma atau Mess (Guest Guest

HouseHouse))• Pondok Remaja (Pondok Remaja (Youth Youth

HostelHostel))

• Chalet & MansionChalet & Mansion• Villa, Villa, bungalowbungalow dan dan

cottagecottage • Marina atau Marina atau nautelnautel• Kapal Pesiar (Kapal Pesiar (floating floating

hotelhotel or floatel)or floatel)• Hotel Perahu (Hotel Perahu (Boat Hotel Boat Hotel

or Boatel)or Boatel)• Flat Flat (Holiday Flatlet(Holiday Flatlet)),,

Apartemen dan Apartemen dan KondominiumKondominium

• Boutique hotel, design Boutique hotel, design hotel hotel dandan gallery hotel gallery hotel

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Foods and Drinks

1. Restaurant– Formal & casual– Fastfood & Dine-in– Theme: Family, Seafood,

Vegetarian, Ethnic, etc.2. Rumah Makan3. Catering4. Warung5. Bistro6. Pattiserie7. Dinning car = restoration

8. Inns 9. Tavern10.Coffee shop & Tea House11.Bar & Pub12.Club & Discotheque13.Lounge14.Café 15.Brasserie = café +

restaurant

• Food and drink are among its most important impression of a destination.

• The feature of local dishes, ethnic atmosphere is part of the fun.

• There are types of F&B establishment:

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How tour operators link the elements of tourism supply?

SUPPLYTransport companies

Tourist services

Accommodation provider

Packaging of elementsinto a product bya tour operator

INTERMEDIARIES

Corporate direct selling• Internet• Call centre

Virtual agency through

online/teletext

Travel agents

DEMAND Customer

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Function of Tourism Services

1. Travel information2. Travel advisor = travel consultant3. Mediato4. Marketer5. Negosiator6. Risk taker

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Scope of work of Tourism Services• Preparing, selling and conducting tour package• Providing transportation services • Providing tickets reservation of land, sea and

air transportation• Providing hotel voucher, meals, etc. • Providing travel documents • Providing travel guide services • Conducting MICE (with special permit) • Conducting pilgrimage (ONH umroh) (with

special permit)

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Conclusion

• The supply chain comprises the suppliers of all the goods and services that go into the delivery of tourism products to consumers.

• It includes all suppliers of goods and services whether or not they are directly contracted by tour operators or by their agents (including ground handlers) or suppliers (including accommodation providers).

• Tourism supply chains involve many components - not just accommodation, transport and excursions, but also bars and restaurants, handicrafts, food production, waste disposal, and the infrastructure that supports tourism in destinations.