Dr Anna SpenceleyChair, IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas

Tourism and Protected Areas Specialist Group (TAPAS group)

Global Partnership for Sustainable Tourism

3rd Annual Partners’ Symposium, 25 March 2013

Achieving the Aichi Targets:

Concessions and Protected Areas

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Tourism concessions

• Granting of delegated rights to develop tourism activities and infrastructures in protected areas and subject to conservation public interest:

– Unilaterally, in the form of a License

– In a mutually agreed manner, in the form of a

Concession Contract

• How do they contribute to Sustainable Tourism?

– PA authority requirements on concessionaires on

biodiversity conservation: development & operation

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Tourism concessions & Aichi

• 10th CoP of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Nagoya,

Japan, October 2010

– Strategic plan for CBD implementation: Aichi targets for 2020

Tourism concession contributions to Aichi strategic goals:

Strategic goal A. Address the underlying causes of biodiversity

loss by mainstreaming biodiversity across government and society

Strategic goal B. Reduce the direct pressures on biodiversity

and promote sustainable use

Strategic goal C: To improve the status of biodiversity by

safeguarding ecosystems, species and genetic diversity

Strategic goal D: Enhance the benefits to all from

biodiversity and ecosystem services

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De-

commissioning

Waste disposal

Remediation

Planning

Location

Design

Footprint

Access

Construction

Materials

Waste

Footprint

Operation

Activities

Water use &

disposal

Energy

Materials

Waste

Strategic goal A. Address the underlying causes of biodiversity

loss by mainstreaming biodiversity across government and society

1. Include conservation requirements in concession planning and bidding

2. Monitoring and reporting on environmental impacts of concession contract

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NIASSA RESERVE, PRINCIPLES

1. Concession Units for Conservation Hunting & Non -

ConsumptiveTourism

2. Reach the high end Market clientele

3. Combination of Commercial and Philantropic Operators

4. Sharing Management Costs and responsibilities

Objectives: Implement the best practices to monitor the

Bioversity of the Reserve, with respect to hunting – “ Maximize

trophy quality and economic returns while maintaining viability

and growth of wildlife populations through ecologically

sustainable hunting practices

1. Conservation requirements in concession

planning and bidding

Rodrigues and Booth 2012,

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2. Monitoring and reporting

Sue Snyman, 2012; Wilderness

Holdings Ltd, 2012

Strategic Goal A: Target 2: By 2020, at the latest, biodiversity values have

been integrated into . . . planning processes . . . and reporting systems.

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Principal Features:

• Joint venture development -

Mpunga community (60%) &

Eco-MICAIA Ltd (40%)

• Situated in Moribane Forest

(conservation area) on a 5.5ha

site allocated by the community

• 18 beds in 4 rondavels, a 3-

bedroom family lodge and 2

fixed tents + prepared & serviced

campsites

• Restaurant and bar serving

creative locally inspired dishes

using seasonal produce

Andrew Kingman, 2012, Eco-MICAIA

Strategic goal B. Reduce the direct pressures on biodiversity and

promote sustainable use

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Sustainability initiatives:

forest conservation

• Direct conservation of the Moribane Forest.

– Planting and landscaping within the Camp grounds

– Establishing a tree seedling nursery

– Planting 1,000s of trees

– Training Community Forest Rangers

– Further work on zoning, creating new community agreed

limits on settlement and agriculture areas

– Preparing detailed information about the biodiversity of

the Forest – creating the Moribane Forest Learning Centre

Andrew Kingman, 2012, Eco-MICAIA

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Training community forest

rangers

Forest Nursery

Andrew Kingman, 2012, Eco-MICAIA

Strategic goal B: Target 5: By 2020, the rate of loss of all natural habitats . . .

is at least halved . . . and degradation and fragmentation is significantly reduced.

Indigenous tree nursery

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Conservation of water bodies

Ensure that there are no significant negative impacts on these bodies

Minimise water usage through collection buckets in solar showers &

education…most camps (70%) rely on borehole water

Sue Snyman, 2012

Strategic goal C: To improve the status of biodiversity by safeguarding

ecosystems, species and genetic diversity

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Integration into concession site plan

• Project design • Location – sensitive sites• Design standards - siting, design compatibility, aesthetics, impact reduction re ecological and cultural values (design to minimize negative effects on site and surrounding areas)

• Design for operation – waste water, water use, energy conservation. Build in energy conservation technology

• Access – by road, air, water and implications• Planning requirements – Environmental Impact Assessment

Adapted from Ted Manning, Tourisk Inc

Strategic goal C: Target 11: By 2020, at least 17% of terrestrial and inland

water, and 10% of coastal and marine areas, . . . . are conserved through

effectively and equitably managed, ecologically representative and well connected

systems of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures

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• Tourism as contributor to health of visitors (healthy people, healthy parks)

• Livelihoods of host populations: – Economic: employment, equity in concessions, sales of products/services, poverty reduction

– Social/Cultural: Enrichment, craft/dance, tours, healthcare, education etc.

Strategic goal D: Enhance the benefits to all from biodiversity and

ecosystem services

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Protected Area Stakeholders

Adapted from ILO, 2011

Protected Area .Natural

attractions

Tourism concession

Farmers

Community .

Cultural

attractions and

activitiesSmall Medium and

Micro Enterprises

External

activities

Tour operators

Community

based

organisations

Government and authorities

Traditional

authorities

National government

Local government

Conservation

authoritiesTourism facilities

Tourists

Non-governmental

Organisations

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Strategic goal D. Target 14: By 2020, ecosystems that provide essential

services, including services related to water, and contribute to health,

livelihoods and well-being, are restored and safeguarded, taking into account

needs of women, indigenous &local communities, & the poor & vulnerable.

Involvement of local people in concessions

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Relevant TAPAS member

activities

• Best Practice guidelines on Sustainable Tourism in Protected Areas (3rd Edition) – in progress

• Manual on tourism concessions with UNDP– in progress

• Guidelines for the planning and management of concessions, leases, licenses, and permits in parks and protected areas (2012)

• International concessions workshop, analysis and private sector toolkit with USAID (2012)

• IUCN WCC workshop on tourism and concessions in protected areas (2012)

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Further information on the

IUCN WCPA TAPAS group

Email: Dr Anna Spenceley (chair TAPAS) - annaspenceley@gmail.com

Website:www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/gpap_home/gpap_c

apacity2/gpap_wcpacap/gpap_tourism/

Wiki: planeta.wikispaces.com/TAPAS

Facebook: www.facebook.com/pages/Tourism-and-

Protected-Areas-Specialist-Group/122961127797095

Linked-In group: www.linkedin.com/groups?gid

=4735342&trk=myg_ugrp_ovr