Tornado Outbreak In Oklahoma, Arkansas and Iowa April 26-27, 2014
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Transcript of Tornado Outbreak In Oklahoma, Arkansas and Iowa April 26-27, 2014
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TORNADO OUTBREAK
IN OKLAHOMA, ARKANSAS, AND IOWA
April 26-27, 2014
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The most destructive tornado
outbreak of 2014 killed at least
18 people in three states and
hammered the suburbs of
Little Rock, Arkansas over a
200-mile-long path.
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THE FORECAST: APRIL 14
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ACTUAL: APRIL 26-27
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In all, at least 31 tornadoes
were recorded. They formed
late in the day, and were
especially destructive in
Arkansas because they
struck as night fell.
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Some of the tornadoes were
rated as EF-3, which have
wind fields of at least
246 kph (136 mph).
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VILONIA, ARKANSAS (ALSO
HIT BY TORNADOES IN 2011)
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IMPACTS
• Faulkner County, Ark., particularly the
suburbs of Mayflower and Vilonia, was
the hardest hit on Sunday, with as
many as 18 people dead, including two
children
• At least 150 homes destroyed.
• Two highways closed; 20,000 power
outages
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“ROUND TWO”
MONDAY, APRIL 28
Millions of people braced for more severe
weather as at least three tornadoes struck
Mississippi on Monday afternoon .
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TUEPLO, MISSISSIPPI:
APRIL 28
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INITIAL IMPACT REPORTS
• A tornado hit Tupelo and
tracked northward, causing
"significant property damage,
but no deaths" Tueplo Mayor
Jason Shelton said.
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BACKGROUND
SEVERE WINDSTORMS--
TORNADOES
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UNDERSTANDING AND
PREPARING FOR
TORNADOES
A PRIMER OF KNOWLEDGE THAT
CAN MULTIPLY AND SPILL OVER
FOR THE BENEFIT OF MILLIONS
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THE PHYSICS OF SEVERE
WINDSTORMS
SEVERE WINDSTORMS:
TORNADOES
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COMMUNITY
DATA BASES
AND INFORMATION
•SEVERE WINDSTORM
HAZARDS
•INVENTORY
•VULNERABILITY
•LOCATION
RISK ASSESSMENT
RISK
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
SEVERE WINDSTORM
RISK REDUCTION
•PREVENTION/MITIGATION
•PREPAREDNESS
•EMERGENCY RESPONSE
•RECOVERY and
RECONSTRUCTION
• EDUCATIONAL SURGES
POLICY OPTIONS
Wind profile
Storm Hazards:-Wind pressure
-Surge
-Rain
-Flood
-Waves
-Salt water
-Missiles
-Tornadoes
Ocean
Gradient Wind
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WIND AND WATER
PENETRATE BUILDING
ENVELOPE
SEVERE
WINDSTORMS
UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM
FLYING DEBRIS PENETRATES
WINDOWS
HEAVY PRECIPITATION
IRREGULARITIES IN
ELEVATION AND PLAN
POOR WORKMANSHIP
IGNORING NON-STRUCTURAL
ELEMENTS
CAUSES
OF RISK
CASE HISTORIES
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BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICS
UNDERPINNING WINDSTORMS
• HEAT AND
HEAT FLOW
• PRESSURE
AND
PRESSURE
FLOW
• GRAVITY
FIELD
• KINETIC
ENERGY
• POTENTIAL
ENERGY
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SEVERE WINDSTORMS
TORNADOES
OCCUR OVER LAND AS THE
RESULT OF COLLISIONS OF
COLD AND WARM AIR MASSES
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TORNADOE SEASON
• The peak tornado season is
late winter through
midsummer,….
• But tornadoes can happen any
time of the year when the
atmospheric conditions are
right.
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TORNADO ALLEY
• ALTHOUGH TORNADOES HAVE
OCCURRED IN EVERY STATE, THEY
OCCUR MOST FREQUENTLY IN
“TORNADO ALLEY,” WHICH INCLUDES
PARTS OF: TEXAS, OKLAHOMA,
ARKANSAS, TENNESSEE, NEBRASKA,
KANSAS, MISSOURI, ILLINOIS, AND
IOWA.
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MAP OF TORNADO ALLEY
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THE PHYSICS OF
TORNADOES
• TORNADOES ARE CAUSED BY THE
COLLISION OF DESCENDING COLD
AIR MASSESS COMING FROM THE
NORTH AND ASCENDING WARM AIR
MASSES COMING FROM THE SOUTH.
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THE PHYSICS OF
TORNADOES
• THE COLLISION CREATES A FUNNEL
OF HIGH-VELOCITY WIND THAT IS
VERY DESTRUCTIVE AS IT
“TOUCHES DOWN” ONE OR MORE
TIMES ALONG A LONG, NARROW
(TYPICALLY 10-100 M) PATH.
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PHYSICS OF A TORNADO
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HAZARDS OF A TORNADO
(AKA POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS)
• WIND: SPEEDS CAN REACH 500 KM/HR
(300 MI/HR)
• THUNDER, LIGHTNING, AND HEAVY
PRECIPITATION E EXTREME
• HAIL CAN BE VERY DAMAGING
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HISTORIC OCCURRENCES
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THIRTY TO FORTY
TORNADOES STRIKE FIVE
SOUTHERN STATES
Mississippi, Alabama, Arkansas, Kentucky, and Tennessee impacted
54 dead
FEBRUARY 5, 2008
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LOCATION MAP
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TORNADOE SEASON
AFFECTED BY LA NINA
• This tornado outbreak could be
a consequence of La Nina, the
cooling of the Pacific Ocean,
which can cause changes in
weather patterns around they
world.
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WARNING
• The people had ample warning
to get out of harm’s way and
take cover, …
• In spite of the fact that some of
the warning sirens did not
work.
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A TORNADO TOUCHES DOWN
NEAR ATKINS, ARKANSAS
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DEVASTATION NEAR ATKINS,
ARKANSAS
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DEVASTATION NEAR ATKINS,
ARKANSAS
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DEVASTATION NEAR ATKINS,
ARKANSAS
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COLLAPSE OF WAREHOUSE IN
SOUTH HAVEN, MS
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COLLAPSE OF WALL IN SHOPPING
MALL: MEMPHIS, TN
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A FIRE BROKE OUT IN A NATURAL
GAS PUMPING STATION:
HARTSVILLE, TN
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SEVERE THUNDERSTORM SYSTEM
SPAWNS TORNADOES IN TEXAS:
APRIL 24, 2008
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A SUPERCELL
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THE FUNNEL
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IMPACTS IN WEST AND
NORTH TEXAS
•WORST DAMAGE NEAR FT WORTH,
TX WITH LOSSES ESTIMATED AT $35
MILLION
•WIND SPEED REACHED 116 KM/HR
(70 MI HR)
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IMPACTS IN WEST AND
NORTH TEXAS
•HEAVY RAIN FALL CAUSED
POWER OUTAGES AND MINOR
FLOODING
•BASEBALL-SIZED HAIL
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WIND DAMAGE
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TORNADOES STRIKE IOWA
AND MINNESOTA
Continuation of deadliest tornado season in a decade
Accompanied by large hail
May 25, 2008
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HUGO, MINNESOTA: DEBRIS
MARKS STORM'S PATH
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PARKERSBURG, IOWA: DAMAGE
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PARKERSBURG, IOWA: LOOKING
FOR SURVIVORS
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LESSONS LEARNED FROM
TORNADOES
• RECOVERY
USUALLY
TAKES LONGER
AND COSTS
MORE THAN
EXPECTED.
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LESSONS LEARNED FROM
TORNADOES
• EVACUATION IS NOT
TO THE STREET; IT
IS TO THE
BASEMENT OR THE
“SAFE ROOM”
BECAUSE THE
WARNING IS EITHER
VERY SHORT OR
NON-EXISTANT.
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LESSONS LEARNED FROM
TORNADOES
• TIMELY COMMUN-
ICATION OF
CRITICAL INFORM-
ATION IN THE FORM
OF WATCHES AND
WARNINGS IS
ESSENTIAL FOR
SAFETY.
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LESSONS LEARNED FROM ALL
TORNADOES
• HIGH VELOCITY
WIND LIFTS THE
ROOFS OFF OF
BUILDINGS AND
IS A KILLER IN
TORNADOES.
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LESSONS LEARNED FROM ALL
SEVERE WINDSTORMS
• HIGH VELOCITY
WIND AND
PRESSURE
CHANGES CAUSE
BUILDINGS WITH
INADEQUATE
ENGINEERING
DESIGN TO
COLLAPSE.
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RISK ASSESSMENT INTEGRATES
RESEARCH AND SCIENTIFIC
KNOWLEDGE GAINED FROM
“DISASTER LABORATORIES,” WITH
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES INTO
POLICY TO BE IMPLEMENTED IN THE
COMMUNITY’S POLITICAL PROCESS.
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PUBLIC POLICIES INTEGRATE
TECHNICAL AND POLITICAL
SOLUTIONS
FOR THE LONG-TERM BENEFIT
OF THE PEOPLE.