Torbjorn moe eggboe_prenatal_testing_norway
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Transcript of Torbjorn moe eggboe_prenatal_testing_norway
Norwegian Biotechnology Act
• Approved in 2003 – Revision should be performed a@er 5 years
• Evalua*on 2009-‐2011 • New evalua*on 2015
Norwegian Biotechnology Act
• First trimester scan (11 to 13+6 week scan) is regulated by the law
• The rou*ne second trimester scan is not
?
Indica*ons for prenatal tes*ng (including KUB test)
• >38 years at es*mated day of delivery • Previous fetus or child with malforma*ons • Using drugs associated to malforma*ons • Suspected malforma*on in an ordinary ultrasound examina*on
• Special situa*ons when the parents are not able to take care of at sick child
KUB-‐test Combined ultrasound and biochemistry
• Age, NT, HCG and PAPP-‐A • 90 % sensi*vity • 3-‐5 % false posi*ve rate for trisomy 21 in an unselected popula*on
• 10-‐12% in the selected Norwegian popula*on
Autonomous choices
” It is only when choices are though[ul and informed that it is reasonable to call them autonomous and self-‐determined. This is important in expression of values ��of a liberal society.
Berge Solberg
Choice
” Most parents would like to have a perfect and healthy child if possible. But if you have a child with Downs syndrome, you will of course love it. If you can choose, you would prefer a normal child” Ann Tabor
1000 respondents in 2010 (from the general popula/on)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Vet ikke Alle
Ingen Klarer ikke sykt barn Foreldre med genfeil Tidligere syke barn Vite om trisomi 21
Uro Medisinbruk
38 år
The majority agreed in the approved indica*ons
Anxiety
• No indica*on for fetal diagnos*c examina*on • Indica*on for an ordinary scan • Referral to fetal medicine center is allowed whenever a malforma*on is suspected
• Results in varia*on in clinical prac*se
Fetal diagnos*c examina*ons related to numbers of women >38 years in the
popula*on 2006 2009
Sør-‐Trøndelag 211 240
Oslo 157 176
Troms 101 184
Hordaland 120 135
Rogaland 95 114
Aust-‐Agder 64 62
Huge differences in different regions
KUB tests 2014
• 3696 biochemical tests (PAPP-‐A + lhCG= 1 test) – Oslo 2019 – Bergen 614 – Stavanger 287 – Trondheim 544 – Tromsø 232
Insidens trisomy 21
• Stable from 1967 – 1990 • Therea@er increasing (older women) • Stable rates of born children with trisomy 21 (around 60-‐70/year)
• Increasing rate of termina*ons
Fetal diagnos*c examina*ons
• 60 000 deliveries in Norway annually • Fetal diagnos*c examina*ons offered to <10%
NIPT
• Sensi*vity and specificity >99% • NIPT cannot replace ultrasound • Posi*ve test should be confirmed with invasive tes*ng
NIPT in Norway
• Rhesus nega*ve women will be offered NIPT in pregnancy week 25
• Tes*ng for aneuploidy could be offered women at median risk (1/100 – 1/1000?)
• NIPT is regulated by the Norwegian Biotechnology Act and will probably not be approved in Norway in the near future
• Women will send tests abroad
Survey in 2012
• Aim: To inves*gate whether the gynaecologists obey the law
• Method: ques*oner with constructed clinical cases
• Popula*on: – Doctors with fetal medicine centers – Gynaecologists in private prac*ce – Lawyers a Directory of Health
Case 1 -‐ age
• The woman is pregnant in week 8 of gesta/on. She will give birth for the third /me, is previously healthy and with no par/cular diseases in her family history. She turned 37 two months ago, and because of her age, she wishes fetal examina/on to exclude aneuploidy
Results
• 50% of the doctors would offer a diagnos*c fetal examina*on
• The lawyers said “not allowed”
Case 2 -‐ colleague
The woman is pregnant in week 8 of gesta/on. She is a trainee doctor in the Department of Gynaecology, pregnant for the first /me and has no par/cular risk factors associated with her pregnancy
Results
• 60% of the doctors would offer a diagnos*c fetal examina*on
• The lawyers said “not allowed”
Conclusions
• The Norwegian guidelines are unclear and difficult to follow in clinical prac*ce
• The majority of the doctors in this survey did not follow the Biotechnology Act
• The law will be revised, but….