TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis
Transcript of TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis
![Page 1: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
45Co1
Potential for Further Analysis
TOQÁ.LATONYO
![Page 2: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
1.! Stratigraphic environments. 2.! Dating – then & now. 3.! Stratigraphic controls. 4.! Records management during excavation. 5.! Summary of the assemblages. 6.! Where in the succession does the Tucannon Phase end? 7.! Effects of rodent disturbance in floodplain loess (Stratum III). 8.! Raw material: sources, technology, trade, & regional interaction. 9.! Fresh water mussel shell over time – implications. 10.!Fishing technology – implications. 11.!Faunal remains – potential for future analysis. 12.!Faunal remains – rodents in two contexts. 13.!Cobble implements – reduction and edge-ware studies. 14.!The value of manuports and fire-cracked rock. 15.! An unusual artifact from Assemblage 3C (Tucannon Phase).
WHAT WE WILL COVER:
![Page 3: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Tucannon Drainage Seen from Space. The arrow marks the mouth of the Tucannon River and the Location of 45Co1.
![Page 4: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Topography in the vicinity of 45Co1 (red dot).
![Page 5: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
!"#$%&'(#$)*+#,$!-.'/$
!"#$0-12"$-3$2"#$!14'&&-&$)*+#,$*5$'2$2"#$ 0*.67#8$ '&.$ 2"#$ 0-12"$ -3$ 2"#$9'7-15#$ )*+#,$ '2$ 2"#$ 1::#,$ ,*;"2<$ !"#$'::,-=*0'2#$ 7-4'>-&$ -3$ ?@A-B$ *5$0',(#.$C/$2"#$,#.$4*,47#<$
D&#$-3$ 2"#$ ,#'5-&5$ 2"#$!14'&&-&$5*2#$*5$*0:-,2'&2$*5$*25$:,-=*0*2/$2-$E',0#5$)-4($ %"#72#,$ C#4'15#$ *2$ :,-+*.#5$ '$,#7'>+#7/$47#',F$$1&.*521,C#.$5#G1#&4#$-+#,$2"#$:'52$?HHH$/#',5<$$
![Page 6: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
!"#$0-12"$-3$2"#$!14'&&-&$)*+#,$'2$7-I$I'2#,$'5$5##&$3,-0$2"#$I#52#,&$0-52$0',;*&$-3$?@A-B<$
![Page 7: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
?@A-B$'5$5##&$3,-0$'C-+#$'5$2"#$C177.-J#,$I-,(5$-&$2"#$4#&2,'7$2,#&4"<$
![Page 8: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Excavations at 45Co1. After Nelson 1966.
![Page 9: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Stratigraphic Succession at 45Co1 After Nelson 1966 with dates to left added.
![Page 10: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Left. Stratigraphic succession in the control block.
Above. The unconformity and paraconformity housing Assemblage 1 at 45Co1.
?K$
LA$
LK$
?M$
![Page 11: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
45Co1. Beaver remains from just below Assemblage 1 unconformity.
![Page 12: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Coring the floodplain adjacent to 45Co1.
![Page 13: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The north-south bulldozer cutting at 45Co1.
![Page 14: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Establishing control points in the north-south bulldozer trench at 45Co1.
![Page 15: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
?@A-B$N$O52'C7*5"*&;$2"#$52,'>;,':"*4$5#G1#&4#$'2$2"#$C-P-0$-3$2"#$.-J#,$2,#&4"<$K$"-::#,$0-,2',$*5$5"-I&$!"#
$!%&'$0',(*&;$K55#0C7';#$LA<$
![Page 16: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Laying out a trench in the lower bulldozer cutting at 45Co1. The stakes are one meter apart.
![Page 17: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
45Co1. Sampling the strata in the control
block.
![Page 18: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
45Co1. All the sediment was wet screened.
![Page 19: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
45Co1. On-site catalog & level-data table.
![Page 20: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
45Co1. Evening numbering and catalog review.
![Page 21: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
45Co1 Artifacts from Assemblage 1.
![Page 22: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
45Co1. Cold Springs Side Notched points & Cascade points from Assemblage 2A.
![Page 23: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
45Co1. Bone & Ground Stone tools from Assemblage 2A.
![Page 24: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
45Co1. Stone tools from Assemblages 3A, the earliest Tucannon Phase components at the site.
![Page 25: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
45Co1. Artifacts from Assemblage 3C, a mid-Tucannon Phase components.
![Page 26: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
45Co1. Assemblages 4C (left) & 4D (right), late Tucannon Phase.
![Page 27: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
45Co1. Assemblages 4H-4J (left); 4K & 4L (right), Harder Phase.
![Page 28: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Surface Geology of the Columbia Plateau. Loess is in various shades of tan.
![Page 29: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Loess Deposits of the Columbia Plateau
![Page 30: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Krotovinas in the upper 50 cm. of Stratum III at 45Co1.
![Page 31: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
?@A-B$%'0:7#$ ',#'5$ 15#.$ 3-,$ 2"#$.*5:#,5*-&$ -3$ "*52-,*4$ ',>63'425$ '&.$ 0'2#,*'7$ 3,-0$ ?$4-,#5$ 0'.#$ 3,-0$ 1&*G1#$:*#4#5$-3$5*7*4'<$
!"#5#$ Q+#$ .'2'$ 5#25$0'(#$ *2$:-55*C7#$2-$'55#55$2"#$*0:'42$-3$ ,-.#&2$ .*521,C'&4#$ *&$%2,'210$ RRR$ '&.$ 0-,#$ '4416,'2#7/$ :7'4#$ 2"#$ 2,'&5*>-&$C#2I##&$ 2"#$ !14'&&-&$ '&.$S',.#,$9"'5#5$'2$2"#$5*2#<$
![Page 32: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
The vertical distribution of material from 4 distinctive pieces of silica in Stratum III at 45Co1.
7$
![Page 34: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
45Co1. Dispersion by size of debris from Cores 1 & 2.
![Page 35: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
45Co1. Silica waste as a % of all fine-grained
waste.
Harder
Tucannon
Phases
45Co1. The frequency of silica waste in late Tucannon & Harder Phase assemblages.
![Page 36: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
LLK$
LA$
LK$
TK$
TK$
TK$
Lind Coulee
The use of chert pebbles in the Cold Springs and
Tucannon Phases at 45Co1. A similar chert from Lind Coulee for comparison.
![Page 37: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Weathered Fine-grained
“glossy”
Unweathered Fine-grained
Coarse- Grained
45Co1. Three artifacts from Assemblage 2A (Cold Springs Phase) illustrating the grain size distinctions used in this presentation.
![Page 38: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Phase
Harder
Tucannon
Fine-grained basalt & rhyolite waste from 45Co1 as a % of fine-grained waste used to make small flake tools. Excludes coarse-grained lavas used to make cobble tools.
![Page 39: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
45Co1. Lava waste of all types as a proportion of all waste.
Harder
Tucannon
Phases
![Page 40: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
45Co1 Cobble Tools
vs Waste from making Cobble Tools
![Page 41: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Harder
Tucannon
Phases
Cold Springs
45CO1. Cobble Tools as a % of all Flaked Tools.
![Page 42: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
45Co1. Cobble flake tools from Assemblage 3A, including “boulder chip knives.”
![Page 43: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
45Co1. Cobble flake tools, mainly “boulder chip knives”, as a percentage of all flake tools.
Harder
Tucannon
Phases
Cold Springs
![Page 44: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Harder
Tucannon
Phases
Cold Springs
45Co1. FLAKED STONE TOOLS Total Total Total
Other Cobble Flaked Small All
Ass. Cobble Core Flaked Possible Flake Cobble Flake Flaked
Choppers Tools Cobbles Weights Tools Tools Tools Tools
4L 81 4 15 8 15 123 143 266
4K 7 6 10 3 7 33 49 82
4J 7 3 5 1 0 16 47 63
4I 3 3 7 3 4 20 45 65
4H 4 3 7 0 2 16 41 57
4G 6 1 0 0 4 11 21 32
4F 5 2 2 0 4 13 31 44
4E 6 2 5 1 10 24 41 65
4D 15 2 6 0 17 40 40 80
4C 20 4 10 1 12 47 36 83
4B 24 1 5 2 18 50 66 116
4A 7 1 3 2 14 27 26 53
3C 103 17 69 5 91 285 164 449
3B 22 5 7 5 25 64 31 95
3A 134 19 43 16 101 313 198 511
2B-2D 6 5 5 2 13 31 5 36
2A 141 24 57 22 119 363 316 679
1x 14 2 1 1 12 30 44 74
45Co1. Flaked stone tools. Excludes hammerstones, pestles, mortars, anvils and ground stone tools.
![Page 45: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
EDGE WARE - none w? very slight or questionable w edge-worn W worn facet along edge
EDGE BLUNTING
n = 55
n = 91
45Co1. Edge-ware on complete cobble implements from Assem-blage 3A (after Nelson, 1967, fig. 16).
This figure demonstrates the potential for use ware analysis at the Tucannon Site. Edge ware is common throughout the se-quence and on small flake tools such as the end scraper seen below.
A-,#$!--75$
U7'(#$!--75$
TK$
![Page 46: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
45Co1. Cobble Flake Tools of coarse-grained volcanics from Assemblage 3A.
![Page 47: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
45Co1. Cobble Flake Tools of coarse-grained volcanics from Assemblage 3A.
![Page 48: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
45Co1. Cobble Tools of coarse-grained volcanics from Assemblage 3A.
![Page 49: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
45Co1. Cobble Tools of coarse-grained volcanics, including possible weights, from Assemblage 3A.
![Page 50: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
45Co1. Cobble Tools of coarse-grained volcanics from Assemblage 3A.
![Page 51: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
45Co1. Cobble Tools of coarse-grained volcanics from Assemblage 3A.
![Page 52: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
45Co1. Cobble Cores of coarse-grained volcanics from Assemblage 3A.
![Page 53: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
45Co1. Flakes of fine-grained raw
materials from Assemblage 3A.
Blades & blade-like flakes, a-e; platform removal flakes, f & i; flakes with facetted & ground platforms, g & j; pseudo-levallois flake, h.
![Page 54: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
45Co1. Flakes of fine-grained raw
materials from Assemblage 3A.
Blades & blade-like flakes with point platforms suggesting the use of punch. Some have edge-ground or facetted platforms. Most were probably struck from elongated discoidal cores.
![Page 55: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
45Co1. Flakes of fine-grained raw
materials from Assemblage 3A.
Platform removal flakes useful in reconstructing core morphology at various stages of reduction.
![Page 56: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
45Co1. Unmodified manuports as a % of all waste.
SANDS
FLOOD PLAIN LOESS
![Page 57: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
45Co1. Obsidian waste as a % of all fine-grained waste.
Harder
Tucannon
Phases
![Page 58: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Preliminary source analysis of obsidian waste from 45Co1.
Cold Springs
Tucannon
Harder 4L 5 4K 0 4J 3 4I 4 4H 2 4G 1 4F 0 4E 0 4D 1 4C 2 4B 7 4A 3 3C 10 3B 2 3A 11 2A 5 1 0
VD!$KVKMWXOY$!--75$$Z'52#$
14
142
![Page 59: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Harder
Tucannon
Cold Springs
Phases
45Co1. Fire-cracked rock as a proportion of all manuports.
![Page 60: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
45Co1. Fish remains by assemblage.
4L 18 4K 18 4J 8 4I 29 4H 17 4G 21 4F 31 4E 41 4D 54 4C 34 4B 48 4A 32 3C 77 3A 90 2A 9 1 0
Harder
Tucannon
Cold Springs
Phases
After Nelson et al. 1968
![Page 61: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Selected fishing implements from 45Co1.
Total %
Possible Cobble Possible
Ass. Weights Toots Weights
4L 8 123 6.5
4K 3 33 9.1
4J 1 16 6.3
4I 3 20 15.0
4H 0 16 0.0
4G 0 11 0.0
4F 0 13 0.0
4E 1 24 4.2
4D 0 40 0.0
4C 1 47 2.1
4B 2 50 4.0
4A 2 27 7.4
3C 5 285 1.8
3B 5 64 7.8
3A 16 313 5.1
2B-2D 2 31 6.5
2A 22 363 6.1
1 1 30 3.3
LA$LA$LK$
?A$
![Page 62: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
45Co1. Possible Net Weights.
![Page 63: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Ground squirrel 92 29
Pocket gopher 12 4 Cottontail 10 1
Pica ? 1 1 Vole 2 1
Kangaroo rat 1 1
Unidentified 36 Totals: 154 37
Beaver (not in diagram) 22 2
n MNI
45Co1. Rodent remains from Assemblage 3A.
9"-2-[$\,-1&.$%G1*,,#7$3,-0$K55#0C7';#$?R<$
Ass 4I
![Page 64: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Flaked bone tools are common in the Cold Springs and Tucannon Phases at 45Co1. Flaking is used to shape bone before grinding and to create simple flaked tools such as side scrapers. Other examples are likely to be ground tools broken in the early stages of manufacture.
![Page 65: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
45Co1/1120. Ground obsidian chisel from Assemblage 3C, Tucannon Phase. Note the red ochre in some of the incised lines.
It is broken at the base. White bar is 1 cm. long.
![Page 66: TOQÁ.LATONYO 45Co1 Potential for Further Analysis](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051306/62794231db9a1400550ada7a/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Credits
Site photos primarily by David G. Rice
Assemblage photos by Charles G. Nelson Artifact drawings by Eric Irene Cavanaugh
Slide scanning by Leonard Durenberger Citations:
Nelson, Charles M., 1966, A Preliminary Report on 45CO1, a Stratified Open Site in the Southern Columbia Plateau. WSU, R of I No. 39. Pullman.
Nelson, Charles M., 1967, Some Problems Encountered in Describing a Series of Stone Tools from 45Co1, a Site in the Southern Columbia Plateau. Ms., 32 pp., 26 figs.
Nelson, Charles M., Warren Debose, and Diane Gifford, 1968, Faunal Remains from Assemblage 3A, Site 45CO1. Report on file at WSU.
Blame me for the rest – CMN.