TopQuadrant TopMIND Semantic Web Technology Trainings & Workshops © Copyright 2001-2006,...

TopQuadrant TopMIND Semantic Web Technology Trainings & Workshops

© Copyright 2001-2006, TopQuadrant Inc.

The information in this presentation is proprietary to TopQuadrant and should not be duplicated, used or disclosed without permission.

“Ontology Modelingwith

TopBraid Composer™ ”

Irene Polikoff,Holger Knublauch and Dean Allemang,

TopQuadrant, Inc.

Fifth Semantic Interoperability for E-Government Conference

MITRE McLean October 11, 2006

© Copyright 2001-2006 TopQuadrant Inc., “Building Ontologies using TopBraid Composer”, slide 2

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Who is TopQuadrant?

Formed 2001 First Semantic Web Consulting

Company in the US Providing:

Implementation of Semantic Web Solutions Semantic Web Tools and Platforms Training and Consulting

East Coast Office - Alexandria, VA 225 Reinekers Lane, Suite 410

Alexandria, VA 22314(724) 846-9300

West Coast Office - Mountain View, CA NASA Research Park

Building 19, Suite 2017 Moffett Field, California 94035


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Agenda – part 1

Set up and introductions ~ 8:30 am Quick overview of RDF, RDFS and OWL Create a simple ontology with TopBraid Composer

owl:class, owl:objectProperty, rdfs:domain, rdfs:range Convert XML files from http://www.mddl.org/default.asp

site into RDF creating an ontology of US states Work with multiple ontologies

Use imports Create bridging axioms – rdfs:subClassOf, rdfs:subPropertyOf Combine modular models to describe regions of the US

Query RDF data using SPARQL Review an ontology of French regions from

http://rdf.insee.fr/geo/ site Bring together US regions and French regions Break ~ 10:00 am


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Agenda – part 2

Create classes using OWL restrictions Convert the database of US zipcodes from

http://www.civicspacelabs.org/home/zipcoded web site into a triple form

Run queries in a multi-user mode against a Sesame back-end

Create a proxy ontology for RDB Use SPARQL to query relational data directly (using MySQL) Merge data from MySQL with the data in the owl files

Run SPARQL queries over merged data

Geo view and mashups Review RDFa – a standard for embedding RDF tags in HTML Experience RDFa in action Open to Q&A with Holger Knublauch ~ 11:15

SPARQL Construct queries, SWRL Rules, More?


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Installing and setting up TopBraid Composer

Instructions at:http://www.topbraidcomposer.com/

download.html Also at TopBraid Composer web site are:

Screencam demos Getting Started Guide Both can be found on the features page:

http://www.topbraidcomposer.com/features.html

We recommend that you go through at least some of the exercises in the Getting Started guide before following this tutorial


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The elementary unit in RDF is the Resource The basic thing being described in RDF Resources are generally identified by URIs Two resources are the same exactly if they have the same

URI Properties

A characteristic or attribute of a resource Properties are resources too!

RDF Basics

offers

resourceshttp://www.travel.com/hotel#Yellowstone http://www.travel.com/hotel#offers http://www.activity.com/sport#Backpacking

URI’s

YellowstoneBackpacking


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Triple is always a triple - schema and data are expressed as triples

Triples connect together to form graphs XML is just one way of serializing a graph

Triples connect to form graphs

rdf:type

resources

Location

owl:Thing

Yellowstone

rdfs:subClassOf

offers

Backpacking


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<rdfs:Class rdf:ID=“City”><rdfs:subClassOf

rdf:resource=“VacationDestination”/></rdfs:Class>

RDFS Classes

Classes are categories into which resources can be grouped

Members of classes are instances subClassOf creates a hierarchy of classes Multiple inheritance is allowed/encouraged

subClassOf

rdfs:Class

rdf:type

City

VacationDestination

Syntax


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Interpretation of classes as sets

Classes can be organized in a hierarchy (by subClassOf)

Direct instances of subclass are also (inferred) instances of any super classes

This reflects ordinary understanding of subclass as set inclusion

NewYorkCity

Newark

Oxford

London


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Properties

Domains and RangesSpecify limits on the types of objects that can be the subject

of a property and what types can be the object

<rdfs:Property rdf:ID=“hasAccomodation”> <rdfs:domain

rdf:resource=“#VacationDestination”/> <rdfs:range rdf:resource=“#Hotel”/></rdfs:Property>

Syntax

hasAccomodationrdfs:domai

nrdfs:range

VacationDestination Hotel


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OWL vs. RDF vs. RDFS

rdfs:subClassOf rdfs:subClassOf rdfs:subClassOf

Use RDFS to extend itself. OWL terms are defined in terms of old RDFS ones.

rdfs:Class

owl:Class owl:DatatypeProperty

rdf:Property

owl:ObjectProperty

owl:Restriction

rdfs:subClassOf

owl:SymmetricProperty

rdfs:subClassOf

…

…owl:TransitiveProperty


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Exercise 1

Create a folder where you will store models created during this exercise

Create a new ontology, call it geo-regions.owl Create a class Region Create two properties, inverses of each other:

hasSubregion, isSubregionOf Set domain and range of hasSubregion to be

Region Examine the source code in different

serializations Create a prefix for your namespace, call the

prefix ‘region’ Hint: Use Resources -> Navigate to Ontology menu option


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Re-using existing XML data


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Exercise 2

Convert XML file of the US states into RDF http://www.mddl.org/ext/scheme/uspsStatePossession.xml

Create a new OWL/RDF file, call it US-states.owl Create a class called ‘value’ Create two datatype properties: short and full Save and close, then open the file with the text editor

Hint: to open the file with the text editor, right click on the file in the Navigator View and select ‘Open with …’

Click on the XML file above Once it is opened in the browser, right click and select View

Source Copy and paste the XML into your RDF/OWL file

Hint: Copy everything from the first <value> tag to the last </value> tag Paste right before the </rdf:RDF> tag

Save US-states.owl file, close it and re-open with TopBraid Composer

Select value class and click on Instances view. You should see all the states as instances of the class value

Rename the class to USPostalState Create a prefix for your namespace, call the prefix states


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SPARQL

SPARQL is for query-based access to RDF graphs. A specification of the RDF Data Access Working Group, SPARQL is currently a W3C Candidate Recommendation.

SPARQL = Query Language + Protocol + XML Results Format


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SPARQL Query

PREFIX dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>

SELECT ?title2WHERE{ ?doc dc:title "SPARQL at speed" . ?doc dc:creator ?c . ?docOther dc:creator ?c . ?docOther dc:title ?title2

}

• On an abstracts/papers database:“Find other papers by the authors of a given paper.

Adapted from: Andy Seaborne, “Publishing data on the Web (with SPARQL)”, Semantic and Adaptive Systems Dept., HP, 2006


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Exercise 3

Create new OWL/RDF file, call it US-regions.owl Using owl:import statements merge with it US-states

and geo-region models Create a SPARQL query to fetch all states with their full

names Hint: Your query may look something likeSELECT ?subject ?fullnameWHERE { ?subject states:full ?fullname } Hint: import sparql.owl found in the TBC folder (one of the libraries

you have downloaded from the web during the install process). To save your query as part of the model:

select USPostalState class, drag and drop j.0:query annotation property on to the form, copy and paste your query into the resulting widget

Create regions NorthEast, West, etc. Connect regions and states using isSubregionOf property Hint: Drag and drop into the form directly from the SPARQL results

panel


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Schema and Inference

Schema is used to derive information that was not in the given data – in this case based on the range of the property

rdf:type

isSubregionOf

rdf:type isSubregionOfrdfs:domain

rdfs:range

New York

Region Region

NorthEast


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Exercise 4

Create SPARQL query to get all regions that consist of other regions Hint: It may look something like:SELECT ?region ?subregion ?subnameWHERE { ?region rdf:type region:Region.?region region:hasSubregion ?subregion.?subregion states:full ?subname }

Run inferences Hint: You can invoke inferences using Inference menu

option. You can also specify the level of inferencing when you run the query using Preferences icon in the SPARQL view

Re-run the query Hint: You can see all the inferences in the Inferences view.

Additionally, when you look at any resource, information with the light blue-grey background is inferred


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Exercise 5

Download and open ontology of France regions from http://rdf.insee.fr/geo/ Hint: When you save the owl file, you can save it directly into your

workspace directory. Refresh the folder in the workspace to see the downloaded file. To refresh right click on the folder and select Refresh.

Download RDF files for regions and departments Adjust namespaces for regions and departments file

Open the files in the text editor and modify the URL in the xml:base statement

The url should be the same as the one that is indicated by rdf:about in the rdf:Description statement – see example in the next slide

Open regions file Hint: You will get a warning statement about adding import

statement, click ‘yes’


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Exercise 6

Create world-regions.owl Import models representing US Regions (the

one we have created in the earlier exercise) and France Regions (the one we have downloaded)

Make geo:subdivision rdf:subPropertyOf region:hasSubregion

Make geo:nom rdf:subPropertyOf states:full Re-run SPARQL query for subregions

You will now see regions from the US, we have created, as well as French regions

Open departments file Experiment with transitivity


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Key take aways

RDF makes it easy to merge data from different sources

Often a single axiom is enough to make significant merges possible

RDFS and OWL statements are defined in terms of inferences they entail

It is not necessary to agree with (or even fully understand) an ontology created by another party to make use of it

Smaller is better - modularity is key to Re-use and Manageability

It is possible to bring in and query a new knowledge base without changing queries your application is already using


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A new data source: Database of zip codes


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Exercise 7

Create connection to Sesame database Hint: Select File -> New -> Other and then select OWL/RDFS Sesame

Repository Connection in the dialog that pops up You will need to know connection strings and password for the Sesame

repository. To use TopQuadrant’s Sesame server, specify the following:ServiceURL=http://204.15.1.11:8080/sesameRemoteUser=RemotePassword=opensesameRemoteRepositoryID=zipcodesBaseURI=http://www.owl-ontologies.com/zipCodes.owl

Once connection is established, you will be able to browse the zip code data directly from the RDF (triple) store

Sesame is a multi-user environment where multiple people could be viewing and modifying the content, but you will only have read access

Hint: You are looking at the data converted from the relational database into RDF store. You can user Composer to perform the conversion

Use the Geo view in Composer for mashups Hint: To have the Geography view show up, go to Window -> Show View ->

Other, then select Geography and click OK Select any instances of the Zipcode class and have them show up on the

map


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Exercise 8

Download the database from the Civic Space site Hint: You will need to have MySQL running

Create proxy ontology for MySQL database Hint: Use Import -> OWL/RDFS View on Relational

Database

Query database data using SPARQL Hint: This may be a good query to try:Select ?z Where { ?z schema:zipcodes_state "NY"^^xsd:string .}

Merge data in the database with the US-regions model


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RDFa – embedding RDF in HTML pages

Web pages are a great source of data – who, what, and where is commonly shown.

Old question: How can someone reading a page reverse engineer (“scrape”) structured data from HTML?

New question: How can a page author embed structured information in a page, to make it easy to get out?


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<td width="1" rowspan="2" valign="top" class="bodytext"

<h3 style="BodyHeading; text-align:center; margin-top:15px"> <font face="Arial Black" size="5"

>Getting Ready for the Semantic Web</font></h3> <h3 style="BodyHeading; text-align:center"> <i>Next Classes:</i> Oct. 30 - Nov. 2, 2006 .

<td width="1" rowspan="2" valign="top" class="bodytext" about="http://www.topquadrant.com/seminars/topmind.htm#Fall06" rel="rdf:type" href="http://www.w3.org/2002/12/cal/ical#Vevent" >

<h3 style="BodyHeading; text-align:center; margin-top:15px"> <font face="Arial Black" size="5" property="cal:summary" datatype="xsd:string“ >Getting Ready for the Semantic Web</font></h3> <h3 style="BodyHeading; text-align:center"> <i>Next Classes:</i> <span property="cal:dtstart" content="20061030T0900"> Oct. 30</span> - <span property="cal:dtend" content="20061102T0500"> Nov. 2, 2006</span>.. . .

Extra markup within HTML


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cal:dtend

RDFa markup parses as triples

Fall06

cal:Vevent

rdf:type

“Getting Ready for the Semantic Web”^^xsd:string

cal:summary

“Oct. 30, 2006 9:00 am^^xsd:datetime

“Nov 2, 2006 5:00 pm^^xsd:datetime

cal:dtsart


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cal:dtsart

rdf:type

cal:dtend

Fall06

cal:Vevent

“Getting Ready for the Semantic Web”

cal:summary

“Oct. 30, 2006 9:00 am”

“Nov 2, 2006 5:00 pm”

rdf:type

cal:dtsart

:teaches

Federating info from multiple sources

cal:dtend

Spring07


cal:summary

“Feb 12, 2007 9:00 am”

“Feb 15, 2007 5:00 pm”

Person1“Dean Allemang”

foaf:name

FEARMO

“FEA Ontology Modeling White Paper”

foaf:maker

dc:title

“1800 Diagonal Road, Alexandria, VA 22314 ”“NASA Research Park, Moffett Field, CA 94035”




Questions & Answers

Holger Knublauch

E-mail: [email protected]

Irene Polikoff E-mail: [email protected]

www.topquadrant.com

(703) 960-1028




TopMIND Semantic Technologies Briefings & Workshops


TopMIND = TopQuadrant + Jim Hendler

Dean Allemang, Ph.D.

Professor Jim Hendler

Next Class Oct. 30 - Nov. 2, 2006, Washington, DC area

Brochures: at TQ Exhibit

Register: www.topquadrant.com

4-day ‘hands-on’ training in semantic web technology standards, languages, best practices … featuring

Thanks!

See you there.


TopQuadrant

Announcing the first in a new Webinar Series

An Introduction to Ontology Development with TopBraid Composer™

When: Friday, November 17, 2006, 2:30pm ETRegister at: www.topbraidcomposer.com

Additional sessions will cover topics such as: Using DL-based reasoning Using rule-based reasoning Creating mash-ups and applications


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Where to Find Out More

Polikoff et al, “Capability Cases”, Addison-Wesley, 2005

WEB Resources CapabilityCases.org http://www.capabilitycases.org http://del.icio.us/CapabilityCases TopQuadrant Capability Cases Galleries:

http://www.topquadrant.com/topGallery/tq_topgallery.htm

TopQuadrant Reports:http://www.topquadrant.com/tq_white_papers.htm

TopQuadrant Services http://www.topquadrant.com/FPweb/

tq_service_offerings.htm

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