Topology Optimization of Racecar Suspension Uprightsluxonengineering.com/pdf/altair_htc_2011.pdf ·...
Transcript of Topology Optimization of Racecar Suspension Uprightsluxonengineering.com/pdf/altair_htc_2011.pdf ·...
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Copyright © 2011 Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.
Topology Optimization of Racecar Suspension Uprights
Billy Wight
Luxon Engineering
Altair HyperWorks Technology Conference
June 23, 2011
Orlando, Florida
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Copyright © 2011 Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.
6/23/2011
Slide 2
Company Profile
y = 639.26xR² = 0.9955
y = 6.2275x + 461.61R² = 0.9901
y = 278.39x - 1278.4R² = 0.9997
y = 6.9865x3 - 255.27x2 + 3119.1x - 11266R² = 0.9994
y = 4.6277x + 220.62R² = 0.496
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Tru
e St
ress
(M
Pa)
True Strain (%)
NiTiNOL, Af = 19 CAustenite Phase E
Pseudoelastic Austenite toMartensiteMartensite Phase E
Plastic Deformation
Pseudoelastic Martensite toAusteniteLinear (Austenite Phase E)
• San Diego Based Engineering Consulting Firm • Product Development
• Mechanical Design and Analysis
• Finite Element Analysis/Optimization
• CAD Modeling and Manufacturing Drawings
• Located in San Diego, California
• Small Company, 3 Engineers on Staff
• In Business Since January, 2007
• Wide Variety of Industries Served • Industrial Equipment
• Medical Device
• Consumer Products
• Automotive
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Copyright © 2011 Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.
6/23/2011
Slide 3
Application Profile
F1000 (Formula B) Class
• Open Wheel
• Stock 1000cc Motorcycle Engine
• 1000 lbs Minimum Weight
• 155 mph Max Speed
• ~ 1200 lbs Downforce @ 155 mph
• 2.4 g’s Lateral Acceleration
• Base Price $39,900 (Roller, No Engine)
D Sports Racer (DSR) Class
• Closed Wheel
• Modified 1000cc Motorcycle Engine
• 900 lbs Minimum Weight
• 165 mph Max Speed
• ~ 2000 lbs Downforce @ 165 mph
• 2.8 g’s Lateral Acceleration
• Base Price $59,900 (Roller, No Engine)
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Copyright © 2011 Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.
6/23/2011
Slide 4
Previous Application Project
Modified Salisbury Differential • Collaborative Effort Between Luxon Engineering and Williams Racing Developments (WRD)
• Chain Drive from 1000cc Motorcycle Engine
• Direct Replacement for Stohr Cars
• Fits Other Manufacturers
• Speeds, Phoenix, Radical, etc.
• Substantial Weight Savings and Performance Benefits vs. Stock
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Copyright © 2011 Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.
6/23/2011
Slide 5
Design Challenge: Suspension Uprights
• Simple, Inexpensive
• Multi-Piece (Bolt-on Brackets)
• Designed to “Get the Job Done” at an Inexpensive Price Point
• Necessary to Maintain a Reasonable Price for the Base Car
(front) (rear)
Stock Stohr Uprights (Current Design)
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Copyright © 2011 Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.
6/23/2011
Slide 6
Design Goals and Constraints
Performance Goals:
• Light Weight - Minimize Unsprung Mass
• High Stiffness - Minimize Compliance
• Suspension Compliance =
• One Piece Design – Remove Failure Modes
Design Constraints:
• 6061-T6 Material
• Readily Available
• Low Cost
• Good Strength to Weight Ratio
• 3-Axis CNC Manufacturing
• Readily Available
• Reasonably Priced
• Keep Stresses Low, ≤ 160 MPa for Main Loadcases
? What is the most
efficient method of
achieving our goals
subject to the design
constraints?
( , )f Springs Dampers
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Copyright © 2011 Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.
6/23/2011
Slide 7
Altair Analysis Solutions
16 Different Loadcases
• 5 Main Loadcases
• Typical Racing Environment
• 11 Additional Loadcases
• Bump Loading, Off Track Loading, etc.
• Derived from:
• Vehicle Datalog Measurements
• Suspension Kinematics
• Tyre Data
• Aerodynamic Data
Meet Design Goals Satisfying Constraints
• Minimize Design Iterations
• Decrease CAD Modeling Time
• Decrease Analysis Setup Time
• Engineering Time = $$$
• Decrease Product Development Time
• Introduce Product to Market ASAP
TOPOLOGY OPTIMIZATION
• Supports Multiple Loadcases • One Analysis Run Reveals Optimum Load-Paths
• Stress Constraint • Manufacturing Constraints
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Copyright © 2011 Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.
6/23/2011
Slide 8
Loadcase Development
• Accurate and Complete Loadcases are of Vital Importance
• Optimization Algorithm Can Only Optimize to the Inputs it is Given
• Vehicle Data Logging
• Allows for Accurate Loadcase Determinations
• Verification of Calculations and Assumptions
• Extensive/Thorough Calculations
• Account for All Possible Load Conditions
• Thermal Effects, etc.
0 0 3512 0 0 3512
-2051 0 2578 -3537 0 4446
3537 0 4446 2051 0 2578
0 -3853 4342 0 -3853 4342
0 0 3226 0 0 3226
Bump Acceleration Direction (-X) (+X) (-Y) (+Z) Bump Acceleration Direction (-X) (+X) (-Y) (+Z)
Steady State Bump -269 269 -1612 7249 Steady State Bump -269 269 -1612 7249
Bump During Left Corner -2248 -1854 -1183 2578 Bump During Left Corner -3877 -3197 -2041 11919
Bump During Right Corner 3197 3877 -2041 11919 Bump During Right Corner 1854 2248 -1183 2578
Bump During Braking -332 332 -5846 11398 Bump During Braking -332 332 -5846 11398
Bump During Acceleration -247 247 -1481 5818 Bump During Acceleration -247 247 -1481 5818
0 0 4120 0 0 4120
-2163 0 2719 -4392 0 5521
4392 0 5521 2163 0 2719
0 -2920 3290 0 -2920 3290
0 2335 4406 0 2335 4406
Bump Acceleration Direction (-X) (+X) (-Y) (+Z) Bump Acceleration Direction (-X) (+X) (-Y) (+Z)
Steady State Bump -315 315 -1891 9725 Steady State Bump -315 315 -1891 9725
Bump During Left Corner -2371 -1955 -1248 2719 Bump During Left Corner -4815 -3970 -2534 16731
Bump During Right Corner 3970 4815 -2534 16731 Bump During Right Corner 1955 2371 -1248 2719
Bump During Braking -252 252 -4430 5576 Bump During Braking -252 252 -4430 5576
Bump During Acceleration -337 337 313 11155 Bump During Acceleration -337 337 313 11155
Tyre Contact Patch Forces: 2010 Stohr WF1
Right Front Tyre Contact Patch Forces (Newtons)Left Front Tyre Contact Patch Forces (Newtons)
Steady State
Left Corner
Steady State
Left Corner
Right Corner
Braking
Right Rear Tyre Contact Patch Forces (Newtons)
Right Corner
Braking
Accelerating
Braking
Accelerating
Right Corner
Braking
Right Corner
Left Rear Tyre Contact Patch Forces (Newtons)
Left Corner
Steady State
Accelerating Accelerating
Steady State
Left Corner
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Copyright © 2011 Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.
6/23/2011
Slide 9
Topology Optimization: Parameters, Front
3- Axis CNC Manufacturing
Split (Both Sides) Draw Direction Constraint
• Ensures No Undercutting in the Result
Multiple Loadcases
Stress Constraint, 100 MPa
• Weights Each Loadcase Equally
• Maintains Target Stress Levels
Minimize Unsprung Weight
Optimization Goal: Minimize Mass
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Copyright © 2011 Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.
6/23/2011
Slide 10
Topology Optimization: Solution Sequence, Front
TET4 Design
Space (Yellow)
“Material that
CAN be there”
Topology Result
“Material that
NEEDS to be there”
CAD
Interpretation
Final Design
TET10 Analysis
Model Iterate
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Copyright © 2011 Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.
6/23/2011
Slide 11
Topology Optimization: Parameters, Rear
3- Axis CNC Manufacturing
Split (Both Sides) Draw Direction Constraint
• Ensures No Undercutting in the Result
Decrease Cost
Symmetry Constraint
• Ensures Symmetry in the Result
• Rear Uprights are the Same Part Left/Right
Multiple Loadcases
Stress Constraint, 100 MPa
• Weights Each Loadcase Equally
• Maintains Target Stress Levels
Minimize Unsprung Weight
Optimization Goal: Minimize Mass
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Copyright © 2011 Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.
6/23/2011
Slide 12
Topology Optimization: Solution Sequence, Rear
TET4 Design
Space (Yellow)
“Material that
CAN be there”
Topology Result
“Material that
NEEDS to be there”
CAD
Interpretation
Final Design TET10 Analysis
Model
Iterate
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Copyright © 2011 Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.
6/23/2011
Slide 13
Performance Results
Mass – Decrease of 40%
• ~ 1.5 lbs per wheel
Stiffness – Increase of 225%
• Measured via Deformation of a Node at the Tyre Contact Patch
Stress – Goals Achieved
• Stress < 160 MPa (Main Loadcases)
• Stress < 220 MPa (All Loadcases)
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Copyright © 2011 Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.
6/23/2011
Slide 14
Conclusions
Engineering Time = $$$
• Optimization Eliminates the Multiple
Iterations of Traditional FEA • Typical Problems Would Have Taken
15+ Iterations
• The Optimized Design is Often Non-
Intuitive • Unlikely that Traditional Techniques
Would Yield the Same Result
Altair Optistruct Substantially Reduces
Engineering Overhead and Development Time
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Copyright © 2011 Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.
6/23/2011
Slide 15
Questions, Comments?
Billy Wight
President
Luxon Engineering (858) [email protected] www.luxonengineering.com
J.R. Osborne, 2008 SCCA DSR and CSR National Champion