Topolog: the epigraphic and the archaeological record in ... · Topolog: the epigraphic and the...
1
T o p o l o g : t h e e p i g r a p h i c a n d t h e a r c h a e o l o g i c a l r e c o r d i n t h e n o r t h e r n c o u n t r y s i d e o f t h e R o m a n p r o v i n c e M o e s i a I n f e r i o r K o n t a k t | c o n t a c t d e t a i l s : Lucreţiu Mihailescu-Bîrliba — “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi — [email protected] T h e e p i g r a p h i c a n d a r c h a e o l o g i c a l r e c o r d For the dimensions of this rural community, the epigraphic record is significant [4]. An inscription on a funerary altar mentions a person coming from Asia Minor, more precisely Amorium[5] – Aufidius Helius. Not far from Topolog, in the village of Cerbu, a stela attests two members of a citizens family, (A)elius Aulusenus and his son, (A)elius Marcus. The texts date to about the middle of the 2 nd c AD [6]. Aulusenus (also in the form Aulusenis) is a Thracian name, having two occurrences in the epigraphic records, in two military diplomas, where the beneficiaries have the ethnonym Bessus. One is called Aulusenis Densatralis filius[7], the other Aulusenus [8]. Aulusenus from Topolog is a Thracian who was granted the citizenship; his son has already a Roman name. It is not the only Thracian being mentioned in the proximity. At Mihai Bravu, Tarsa,a former tesserarius in the fleet of Ravenna, is coming home after he was discharged in 71 [9]. At Ibida, Durisses Bithi [10], Othis Seuti, Bithidia Biti, Lupussis (?) are also mentioned in the inscriptions[11]. One can say that there was a quite strong Bessi community living in the rural milieu of the northern side of the province; they were colonized by economic reasons (agriculture and surface mining[12]). From the village of Sâmbăta Nouă (after the information of the local peasants), an altar consecrated to Jupiter and Juno was erected by a certain Lae(...) Comicus, very probably at the half of 2 nd c. AD. (see Fig. 2) [13]. The dedications to Jupiter and Juno are frequent in the countryside of Moesia inferior [14]. A funerary lion of limestone, found in 1970, considered being manufactured in a local officinae, completes the image of sculptural monuments discovered in the region. Many funerary tumuli are situated at the edge of ancient Roman roads, one leading to Cius (Gârliciu) and another to Beroe. In the very village of Topolog, archaeological researches were not achieved; in the village-district, except Cerbu and Sâmbăta Nouă, we can also mention Făgăraşul Nou. An inhumation plane grave was found there ; the inventory dated from the 2 nd c. BC [15], but the habitation continued in the Roman era. Two votive plaques dedicated to Bacchus were discovered [16]. The cult of Bacchus is well-documented in Moesia inferior (especially from an archaeological point of view) and it is present particularly in the countryside [17]. At south-east, not far from the terrace of Topolog stream, another villa remains and pottery dating from the Early Roman Empire were found. Coins, clothing accessories, military equipment pieces were found in the proximity of the modern graveyard [18]. The intense habitation of Casimcea plateau, in the valleys of Topolog stream is reflected, as shown, by the existence of many villae rusticae and villages [19]. C o n c l u s i o n Despite the scarcity of systematic archaeological researches, the epigraphic and archaeological records prove the existence of at least a vicus and many villas in the zone. It seems that some inhabitants were veterans’ descendants, if not veterans themselves, like Aufidius Helius. He or one of his ancestors was recruited during Trajan’s Parthian wars or during Hadrian’s Judaea war. His family was quite wealthy; he was without doubt a rural landlord in this side of Moesia Inferior. Another group of inhabitants was constituted by Roman citizens whose origin were unkown (like P. Lae(...) Comicus) and by Thracians (peregrini, like Tarsa, Othis Seuti and Durisses Bithi, or citizens, like (A)elius Aulusenus). The process of names “Romanisation” is visible (Aulusenus’ son has the surname Marcus). To which territory did the vicus belong? It is difficult to answer this question. The town of Ibida was the nearest. It had probably the status of civitas stipendiaria, even there is no direct information on this topic. There is, however, not the only possibility. A c k n o w l e d g e m e n t . Paper prepared in the framework of CNCS project PN-III-P4-IDPCE-2016- 0271. N o t e s [1] ARICESCU 1970, 66-68. [2] Unpublished researches by G. Nuţu. [3] An oval print of ashes is conserved nowadays. [4] ARICESCU 1973, 105, reference 3. [5] BAUMANN 1971, 597; BAUMANN 1984, 228-229, no. 16, 626, fig. 69; ARICESCU 1973, 105. On Aufidii, see also MIHAILESCU-BÎRLIBA, DUMITRACHE 2012, 63-64. On Helius, see also MIHAILESCU-BÎRLIBA 2015, 443. [6] BAUMANN (1984, 229-230, no. 18, 625, fig. 67) read Aulusemius, but on the stone we can see Aulusenus. [7] ECK, PANGERL 2008, 326. [8] RMD V, 348. [9] CHIRIAC, MIHAILESCU-BÎRLIBA, MATEI 2004, 265-269 ; PETOLESCU, POPESCU 2007, 147-152. [10] ISM V, 229; see also MIHAILESCU-BÎRLIBA 2011, 108-109. [11] ISM V, 228; see also MIHAILESCU-BÎRLIBA 2011, 107-108. [12] See MIHAILESCU-BÎRLIBA 2011, 118; MIHAILESCU-BÎRLIBA 2015, 441. [13] MIHAILESCU-BÎRLIBA 2014, 303-307; see also MIHAILESCU- BÎRLIBA 2015, 439-445. [14] See CIL III 7466; ISM I, 324-332 (MIHAILESCU-BÎRLIBA 2012, 93-98), 344, 346, 347, 368 (BÂLTÂC 2011, 252-253), 378 (BĂRBULESCU, BUZOIANU 2013, 183-184); ISM II, 141 (BOUNEGRU 2011, 238, BÂLTÂC 2011, 264); ISM V, 13-15, 17-18, 123, 62-64, 69, 129 (BÂLTÂC 2011, 239- 240); ILB 235. [15] TOPOLEANU 1985, 100-105. [16] DRAGOMIR 1962, 421-429. [17] See also COVACEF 1998, 163-179; BĂRBULESCU 2001, 245-280; BAUMANN 2011, 208-209; BAUMANN 2015, 91-106. At Lazen is mentioned a collegium of Bacchi vernaculi (227 AD) (ILB 438) [18] Information provided by Mr. Ion Trofin. [19] BAUMANN 1983, 78-81, fig. 26-27. R e f e r e n c e s ARICESCU, A. 1970. Depozite de unelte, arme şi podoabe de bronz din Dobrogea, Pontica 3, 25–76. ARICESCU, A. 1973. Notă despre inscripţia lui Helius descoperită la Topolog, Pontica 6, 105-110. BÂLTÂC, A. 2011. Lumea rurală în provinciile Moesia Inferior şi Thracia (sec. I-III p. Chr.), Bucarest. BAUMANN, V. H. 1971. Note epigrafice, SCIV 22, 4, 597. BAUMANN, V. H. 1983. Ferma romană din Dobrogea, Tulcea. BAUMANN, V. H. 1984. Piese sculpturale şi epigrafice în colecţia Muzeului de Istorie şi Arheologie din Tulcea, Peuce 9, 207-233, 597-632. BAUMANN, V. H. 2011. Prezenţe din mediul italic la gurile Dunării în sec. II a. Chr. –III p. Chr., Peuce S. N. 9, 203-216. BAUMANN, V. H. 2015. Despre un relief dionisiac descoperit la Tulcea, Peuce S. N. 13, 91-106. BĂRBULESCU, M. 2001. Viaţa rurală în Dobrogea romană (sec. I-III p. Chr.), Constanţa. BĂRBULESCU, M., BUZOIANU, L. 2013. Teritoriul Tomisului în epoca romană timpurie în lumina documentelor epigrafice. I. In F. PANAIT BÎRZESCU, I. BÎRZESCU, F. MATEI-POPESCU, A. ROBU (éds)., Poleis în Marea neagră. Relaţii interpontice şi producţii locale, Bucarest, 174-202. BOUNEGRU, O. 2011. Aspecte ale romanizării în mediul rural din Scythia Minor. In A. Rubel (éd.), Romanizarea. Impunere şi adeziune în Imperiul Roman, Iaşi, 233-242. CHIRIAC, C., MIHAILESCU-BÎRLIBA, L., MATEI, I. 2004, Ein neues Militärdiplom aus Moesien, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 150, 265-269. COVACEF, Z. 1998. Câteva consideraţii pe marginea unor noi reliefuri bacchice din Dobrogea, Pontica 31, 163-179. DRAGOMIR, I. T. 1962. Două basoreliefuri dionisiace descoperite la Făgăraşul Nou (r. Hârşova, reg. Dobrogea), SCIV 13, 421-429. ECK, W., PANGERL, A. 2008. Moesia und seine Truppen. Neue Diplome für Moesia und Moesia superior, Chiron 38, 317-394. MIHAILESCU-BÎRLIBA, L. 2011. La cité romaine du Haut-Empire d’Ibida (Mésie Inférieure). Considérations historiques selon le dossier épigraphique, Studia Antiqua et Archaeologica 17, 83-143. MIHAILESCU-BÎRLIBA, L. 2012. Les „Romains” dans la cité d’Istros à l’époque du Haut-Empire, Dacia N. S. 56, 91-98. MIHAILESCU-BÎRLIBA, L. 2014. Une nouvelle inscription de Topolog (Mésie Inférieure), Dacia N. S. 58, 303-307. MIHAILESCU-BÎRLIBA, L. 2015. Le culte de Jupiter et de Junon en Mésie Inférieure: le témoignage d’une nouvelle inscription. In L. ZERBINI (éd.), Culti e religiosità nelle province danubiane. Atti del II Convegno Internazionale Ferrara 20-22 Novembre 2013, Bologna, 439-445. MIHAILESCU-BÎRLIBA, L. DUMITRACHE, I. 2012. La colonisation dans le milieu militaire et le milieu civil de Troesmis, Iaşi. PETOLESCU, C.C., POPESCU, A. T. 2007. Trois fragments de diplômes militaires de Dobroudja, Dacia N. S. 51, 147-152. TOPOLEANU, F. 1985. Un mormânt de epocă elenistică descoperit la Făgăraşu Nou, Pontica 18, 100-105. F i g . 1 . M a p o f M o e s i a I n f e r i o r I n t r o d u c t i o n The modern village of Topolog is located south-east of Tulcea county (the nowadays Dobruja, north of ancient province Moesia inferior) (see Fig. 1 - the map of Moesia inferior). The zone is relatively well-known through surface archaeological researches and chance finds: the most known are the bronze storages at Sâmbăta Nouă [1]. For the Roman period, villae rusticae, vici and funerary incineration tumuli were identified. In the village Luminiţa, a villa dating from the Early Roman Empire was excavated. At 500 m NNV from Topolog was found a pottery kiln dated from 2 nd -3 rd c. AD, after the amphorae fragments [2]. The kiln is very nearly located from a zone where the surface researches have identified some stone buildings, a lot of pottery and burning levels: the area was interpreted as a villa rustica habitation type. The kiln was functional during the existence of the villa. An impressive pottery quantity was recuperated, as well as Zeest 72 amphorae type, date 2 nd -3 rd c. AD. Another kiln was identified alongside, but it was completely destroyed [3]. F i g . 2 . V o w o f P . L a e ( … ) C o m i c u s t o J u p i t e r a n d J u n o Hintergrund für Anschnitt.indd 1 10.07.2017 15:27:03
Transcript of Topolog: the epigraphic and the archaeological record in ... · Topolog: the epigraphic and the...
Topolog: the epigraphic and the archaeological record in the northern countryside of the Roman province Moesia Inferior
Kontakt | contact details:Lucreţiu Mihailescu-Bîrliba — “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi — [email protected]
The epigraphic and archaeological record
For the dimensions of this rural community, theepigraphic record is significant [4]. An inscription on afunerary altar mentions a person coming from AsiaMinor, more precisely Amorium[5] – Aufidius Helius.Not far from Topolog, in the village of Cerbu, a stelaattests two members of a citizens family, (A)eliusAulusenus and his son, (A)elius Marcus. The texts dateto about the middle of the 2nd c AD [6]. Aulusenus (alsoin the form Aulusenis) is a Thracian name, having twooccurrences in the epigraphic records, in two militarydiplomas, where the beneficiaries have the ethnonymBessus. One is called Aulusenis Densatralis filius[7],the other Aulusenus [8]. Aulusenus from Topolog is aThracian who was granted the citizenship; his son hasalready a Roman name. It is not the only Thracian beingmentioned in the proximity. At Mihai Bravu, Tarsa, aformer tesserarius in the fleet of Ravenna, is cominghome after he was discharged in 71 [9]. At Ibida,Durisses Bithi [10], Othis Seuti, Bithidia Biti, Lupussis(?) are also mentioned in the inscriptions[11]. One cansay that there was a quite strong Bessi community livingin the rural milieu of the northern side of the province;they were colonized by economic reasons (agricultureand surface mining[12]). From the village of SâmbătaNouă (after the information of the local peasants), analtar consecrated to Jupiter and Juno was erected by acertain Lae(...) Comicus, very probably at the half of 2nd
c. AD. (see Fig. 2) [13]. The dedications to Jupiter andJuno are frequent in the countryside of Moesia inferior[14]. A funerary lion of limestone, found in 1970,considered being manufactured in a local officinae,completes the image of sculptural monumentsdiscovered in the region. Many funerary tumuli aresituated at the edge of ancient Roman roads, one leadingto Cius (Gârliciu) and another to Beroe.
In the very village of Topolog, archaeologicalresearches were not achieved; in the village-district,except Cerbu and Sâmbăta Nouă, we can also mentionFăgăraşul Nou. An inhumation plane grave was foundthere ; the inventory dated from the 2nd c. BC [15], butthe habitation continued in the Roman era. Two votiveplaques dedicated to Bacchus were discovered [16]. Thecult of Bacchus is well-documented in Moesia inferior(especially from an archaeological point of view) and itis present particularly in the countryside [17].
At south-east, not far from the terrace of Topologstream, another villa remains and pottery dating fromthe Early Roman Empire were found. Coins, clothingaccessories, military equipment pieces were found in theproximity of the modern graveyard [18]. The intensehabitation of Casimcea plateau, in the valleys ofTopolog stream is reflected, as shown, by the existenceof many villae rusticae and villages [19].
Conclusion
Despite the scarcity of systematic archaeologicalresearches, the epigraphic and archaeological recordsprove the existence of at least a vicus and many villas inthe zone. It seems that some inhabitants were veterans’descendants, if not veterans themselves, like AufidiusHelius. He or one of his ancestors was recruited duringTrajan’s Parthian wars or during Hadrian’s Judaea war.His family was quite wealthy; he was without doubt arural landlord in this side of Moesia Inferior. Anothergroup of inhabitants was constituted by Roman citizenswhose origin were unkown (like P. Lae(...) Comicus)and by Thracians (peregrini, like Tarsa, Othis Seuti andDurisses Bithi, or citizens, like (A)elius Aulusenus). Theprocess of names “Romanisation” is visible (Aulusenus’son has the surname Marcus).
To which territory did the vicus belong? It is difficultto answer this question. The town of Ibida was thenearest. It had probably the status of civitas stipendiaria,even there is no direct information on this topic. Thereis, however, not the only possibility.
Acknowledgement. Paper prepared in the framework of CNCS projectPN-III-P4-IDPCE-2016- 0271.
Notes[1] ARICESCU 1970, 66-68.[2] Unpublished researches by G. Nuţu.[3] An oval print of ashes is conserved nowadays.[4] ARICESCU 1973, 105, reference 3.[5] BAUMANN 1971, 597; BAUMANN 1984, 228-229, no. 16, 626, fig. 69;ARICESCU 1973, 105. On Aufidii, see also MIHAILESCU-BÎRLIBA,DUMITRACHE 2012, 63-64. On Helius, see also MIHAILESCU-BÎRLIBA2015, 443.[6] BAUMANN (1984, 229-230, no. 18, 625, fig. 67) read Aulusemius, but onthe stone we can see Aulusenus.[7] ECK, PANGERL 2008, 326.[8] RMD V, 348.[9] CHIRIAC, MIHAILESCU-BÎRLIBA, MATEI 2004, 265-269 ;PETOLESCU, POPESCU 2007, 147-152.[10] ISM V, 229; see also MIHAILESCU-BÎRLIBA 2011, 108-109.[11] ISM V, 228; see also MIHAILESCU-BÎRLIBA 2011, 107-108.[12] See MIHAILESCU-BÎRLIBA 2011, 118; MIHAILESCU-BÎRLIBA 2015,441.[13] MIHAILESCU-BÎRLIBA 2014, 303-307; see also MIHAILESCU-BÎRLIBA 2015, 439-445.[14] See CIL III 7466; ISM I, 324-332 (MIHAILESCU-BÎRLIBA 2012, 93-98),344, 346, 347, 368 (BÂLTÂC 2011, 252-253), 378 (BĂRBULESCU,BUZOIANU 2013, 183-184); ISM II, 141 (BOUNEGRU 2011, 238, BÂLTÂC2011, 264); ISM V, 13-15, 17-18, 123, 62-64, 69, 129 (BÂLTÂC 2011, 239-240); ILB 235.[15] TOPOLEANU 1985, 100-105.[16] DRAGOMIR 1962, 421-429.[17] See also COVACEF 1998, 163-179; BĂRBULESCU 2001, 245-280;BAUMANN 2011, 208-209; BAUMANN 2015, 91-106. At Lazen is mentioneda collegium of Bacchi vernaculi (227 AD) (ILB 438)[18] Information provided by Mr. Ion Trofin.[19] BAUMANN 1983, 78-81, fig. 26-27.
ReferencesARICESCU, A. 1970. Depozite de unelte, arme şi podoabe de bronz dinDobrogea, Pontica 3, 25–76.ARICESCU, A. 1973. Notă despre inscripţia lui Helius descoperită la Topolog,Pontica 6, 105-110.BÂLTÂC, A. 2011. Lumea rurală în provinciile Moesia Inferior şi Thracia (sec.I-III p. Chr.), Bucarest.BAUMANN, V. H. 1971. Note epigrafice, SCIV 22, 4, 597.BAUMANN, V. H. 1983. Ferma romană din Dobrogea, Tulcea.BAUMANN, V. H. 1984. Piese sculpturale şi epigrafice în colecţia Muzeului deIstorie şi Arheologie din Tulcea, Peuce 9, 207-233, 597-632.BAUMANN, V. H. 2011. Prezenţe din mediul italic la gurile Dunării în sec. II a.Chr. –III p. Chr., Peuce S. N. 9, 203-216.BAUMANN, V. H. 2015. Despre un relief dionisiac descoperit la Tulcea, PeuceS. N. 13, 91-106.BĂRBULESCU, M. 2001. Viaţa rurală în Dobrogea romană (sec. I-III p. Chr.),Constanţa.BĂRBULESCU, M., BUZOIANU, L. 2013. Teritoriul Tomisului în epocaromană timpurie în lumina documentelor epigrafice. I. In F. PANAITBÎRZESCU, I. BÎRZESCU, F. MATEI-POPESCU, A. ROBU (éds)., Poleis înMarea neagră. Relaţii interpontice şi producţii locale, Bucarest, 174-202.BOUNEGRU, O. 2011. Aspecte ale romanizării în mediul rural din ScythiaMinor. In A. Rubel (éd.), Romanizarea. Impunere şi adeziune în ImperiulRoman, Iaşi, 233-242.CHIRIAC, C., MIHAILESCU-BÎRLIBA, L., MATEI, I. 2004, Ein neuesMilitärdiplom aus Moesien, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 150,265-269.COVACEF, Z. 1998. Câteva consideraţii pe marginea unor noi reliefuri bacchicedin Dobrogea, Pontica 31, 163-179.DRAGOMIR, I. T. 1962. Două basoreliefuri dionisiace descoperite la FăgăraşulNou (r. Hârşova, reg. Dobrogea), SCIV 13, 421-429.ECK, W., PANGERL, A. 2008. Moesia und seine Truppen. Neue Diplome fürMoesia und Moesia superior, Chiron 38, 317-394.MIHAILESCU-BÎRLIBA, L. 2011. La cité romaine du Haut-Empire d’Ibida(Mésie Inférieure). Considérations historiques selon le dossier épigraphique,Studia Antiqua et Archaeologica 17, 83-143.MIHAILESCU-BÎRLIBA, L. 2012. Les „Romains” dans la cité d’Istros àl’époque du Haut-Empire, Dacia N. S. 56, 91-98.MIHAILESCU-BÎRLIBA, L. 2014. Une nouvelle inscription de Topolog (MésieInférieure), Dacia N. S. 58, 303-307.MIHAILESCU-BÎRLIBA, L. 2015. Le culte de Jupiter et de Junon en MésieInférieure: le témoignage d’une nouvelle inscription. In L. ZERBINI (éd.), Cultie religiosità nelle province danubiane. Atti del II Convegno InternazionaleFerrara 20-22 Novembre 2013, Bologna, 439-445.MIHAILESCU-BÎRLIBA, L. DUMITRACHE, I. 2012. La colonisation dans lemilieu militaire et le milieu civil de Troesmis, Iaşi.PETOLESCU, C.C., POPESCU, A. T. 2007. Trois fragments de diplômesmilitaires de Dobroudja, Dacia N. S. 51, 147-152.TOPOLEANU, F. 1985. Un mormânt de epocă elenistică descoperit la FăgăraşuNou, Pontica 18, 100-105.
Fig. 1. Map of Moesia Inferior
Introduction
The modern village of Topolog is located south-east of Tulceacounty (the nowadays Dobruja, north of ancient province Moesiainferior) (see Fig. 1 - the map of Moesia inferior). The zone isrelatively well-known through surface archaeological researchesand chance finds: the most known are the bronze storages atSâmbăta Nouă [1]. For the Roman period, villae rusticae, vici andfunerary incineration tumuli were identified. In the villageLuminiţa, a villa dating from the Early Roman Empire wasexcavated. At 500 m NNV from Topolog was found a pottery kilndated from 2nd-3rd c. AD, after the amphorae fragments [2]. The kilnis very nearly located from a zone where the surface researcheshave identified some stone buildings, a lot of pottery and burninglevels: the area was interpreted as a villa rustica habitation type. Thekiln was functional during the existence of the villa. An impressivepottery quantity was recuperated, as well as Zeest 72 amphoraetype, date 2nd-3rd c. AD. Another kiln was identified alongside, but itwas completely destroyed [3].
Fig. 2. Vow of P. Lae(…) Comicus to Jupiter and Juno
Hintergrund für Anschnitt.indd 1 10.07.2017 15:27:03
