Topography of the back - Masaryk University · Topography of the back . Excitability Conductibility...
Transcript of Topography of the back - Masaryk University · Topography of the back . Excitability Conductibility...
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Topography of the back
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Excitability
Conductibility
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Division of the periphery nerve system
Cranial nerves (I.- XII. pairs)
• pass through the skull base
Spinal nerves – 31 pairs
• pass through foramina intervertebralia
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SPINAL NERVES
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Spinal nerve 1) dorsal branch
2) ventral branch
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1) Rami dorsales (dorsal branches)
1. N. suboccipitalis
2. N. occipitalis major
3. N. occipitalis tertius
Medial + lateral branches
4. Nn. clunium superiores (lumbar)
5.Nn. clunium medii (sacral)
Subcutaneous layer – rr. dorsales
Nervi spinales – 31 pairs (spinal nerves)
2) Rami ventrales (ventral branches)
except of nn. intercostales form plexuses – plexus cervicalis, brachialis, lumbalis, sacralis
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Regiones dorsi
(back regions) Nuchal region
scapular
subcostal
lumbar
Vertebral
sacral
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Nerves of the back
N. accessorius XI. cranial nerve
N. occipitalis minor (plexus cervicalis)
N. thoracodorsalis (plexus brachialis)
N. dorsalis scapulae (plexus brachialis)
Nn. intercostales
+ rami dorsales nervorum
spinalium (dorsal branches
of spinal nerves)
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Arteries of the back
a. occipitalis
a. cervicalis profunda
a. vertebralis
a. transversa colli
a. thoracodorsalis
aa. intercostales
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Intrinsic muscles of the back mainly extensors of the back and the head, innervation rami dorsales of spinal nerves
1) Spinotransversal system (m. splenius capitis and cervicis)
2) Sacrospinal system (m. erector spinae, longissimus and iliocostalis)
3) Spinospinal system
4) Transversospinal system (m. semispinalis capitis and cervicis)
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spec.
Short back muscles
m. rectus capitis post. min.+maj.
m. obliquus capitis inf. and sup.
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Trigonum suboccipitale - content: n. suboocipitalis – C1
a. cervicalis profunda
a. vertebralis
arcus posterior of atlas
Trigonum and mm. nuchae profundi
C1
C2
C3
NERVES:
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Trigonum Grynfelti: m. serratus post. inf.
m. obliquus internus abdominis
m. erector spinae
Tetragon Krausei: + costa XII
hernias
access to the kidney
perirenal abscesses
Trigonum lumbale Petiti:
m. latissimus dorsi, crista iliaca,
m. obliquus externus abdominis,
m. obliquus internus abdominis - bottom
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Used pictures come from:
Moore, K. L. (1992): Clinical oriented anatomy. Third edition.
Williams&Wilkins, A Waverly Company.
Gilroy, A. M. et all. (2009): Atlas of Anatomy. Thieme New York, Stuttgart.
Putz, R. (2008):
Atlas of Human Anatomy Sobotta. Elsevier Books.
Platzer, W., Kahle, W., Leonhardt H. (1992):
Locomotor system. Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart,
New York, 4th edition.
Čihák, R. (1987): Anatomie 1. Avicenum, Zdravotnické nakladatelství.