Topics for today
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Transcript of Topics for today
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MALLIKA SRISUTHAM1,2, MASARU MIZOGUCHI1, ANAN POLTHANEE2, RYOICHI DOI1
1 DEPARTMENT OF GLOBAL AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GRADUATE SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURAL AND LIFE SCIENCES,
THE UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO. JAPAN.2 DEPARTMENT OF LAND RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT, FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, KHONKAEN
UNIVERSITY. THAILAND.
AN APPLICATION OF FIELD MONITORING DATA IN ESTIMATING OPTIMAL PLANTING DATES OF CASSAVA
IN UPPER PADDY FIELD IN NORTHEAST THAILAND
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Back ground of research Objectives Material and Method Results and discussion Conclusion Kindly suggestions and questions
Topics for today2
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Location & Problem
Source: Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
Northeast Thailand Map
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Flood risk Map Drought risk Map
Several areas experience both flood & drought problems
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Climate Change & Rainfall 4 Monthly rainfall; March 2006 to 2011 Compared to average from
1950 to1997
Source: Hydro and Agro Informatics Institute (HAII) Ministry of Science and
Technology, Thailand
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Monthly rainfall; May, 2006 to 2011 Compared to average from 1950 to1997
Source: Hydro and Agro Informatics Institute (HAII) Ministry of Science and
Technology, Thailand
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Mean of Daily High Temperature in Thailand
Climate Change & Air Temp.
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Water supply is limited in upper paddy field. Precipitation (Rainfall) is mainly water
supply. Ground water/water table were found
at 2.5-3.0 m. depth from ground surface in dry season.
Poor soil; high-drainage, low nutrients fertility.
Environmental conditions
Socio-Economic conditions Rice is a main crop for farmers in
Thailand. Intercropping are needed in those areas.
Poor farmers; low cost crops
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Source: Hydro and Agro Informatics Institute (HAII),
Ministry of Science and Technology, Thailand
Limitation factors for cropping
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Cropping Systems in Upper Paddy Areas, Northeast Thailand
Source: URL; http://www.123rf.com/photo_9737394_paddy-field-north-east-of-thailand.html
Major crop Minor crops
Sugarcane
Corn Peanut
Cassava
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Cropping systems in NE, Thailand
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Source: Anan P. and G. Marten (1986)
Upper Paddy
(Rain-fed areas)
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Why’s Cassava?10
Droughts tolerant plant, it can grow in areas with as little as 500 mm rainfall per year and survives in areas with dry period of 5-6 months (since it has a conservative pattern of water use) (Cock, 1985).
Cassava is well adapted to poor soils (Barnaud et al, 2006), low fertility and very acid soil (Howeler, 2006).
It is a popular crop among poor farmers because it requires few input besides labor to produce a reasonable yield.
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Objectives
To estimate the optimum planting dates and harvesting time for cassava after rice in upper paddy areas.
To investigate the influences of environmental conditions (climatic data and soil moisture) in changing of cropping system in the upper paddy areas, Khon Kaen province.
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The study areaThe study areas is located in the upper paddy field at Phea-fan village in Khon Kaen province, Thailand. At latitude 164718 N, longitude.1024926 E, which is located about 40 km of Khon Kaen city. The elevation at 206 m above mean sea level, with slope about 2 to 5 %.
Thailand mapThe study area in Khon Kaen
province
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Maturity Stem and Preparation for Planting13
Cutting stem 15-20 cm
Maturity stem : 8-12 months old
Preparation before planting
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Land Preparation and Planting cassava
70-80 cm
Growth measurement
50 cm
Cutting stem 15-20 cm
Planting on ridge
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Real-time Monitoring System
Weather station
(June 17th, 2011)
2nd-Planting date area
(November 21st, 2011)
1st-Planting date area
(November 21st, 2011)
Meteorological data; Rainfall Solar radiation Air temperature Air humidity Wind direction-wind
speed
5TE sensor; Soil moisture Soil temperature Bulk electrical
conductivity
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http://x-ability.jp/FieldRouter/vbox0036/
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Real-time Monitoring system
Source: Mizoguchi et.al (2011)
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Planting Date
1st-Planting date on 21st Nov 2011
2nd -Panting date on 21st Dec 2011
Rice cropping(June to Mid-
October)
Cassava cropping/or any 2nd crops
(November to end-May)
The distributions of rainfall (mm) and soil moisture content (cm3/cm3)
in cassava field from June 17th, 2011 to February 27th, 2012
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Soil moisture content at 4 and 16 cm November: 0.31 to 0.38
cm3/cm3 0.27 to 0.29 cm3/cm3
December: 0.28 to 0.31cm3/cm3
0.24 to 0.27 cm3/cm3
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Growth of cassava
2nd-Planting date area1st-Planting date
area
16 samples around soil moisture sensor were measured and recorded growth rate
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Results and Discussions19
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(a) The fluctuations of rainfall (mm) in cassava field, (b) and (c) changes of soil moisture, growth of cassava and waterlogging occurred in the areas of the first -planting date and second-planting date respectively. May 26th, 2012 :
At 8, 16 and 32 cm
May 25th, 2012: At 4 and16 cm At 8 cm, there is no
data (sensor broken).20 20
Gro
wth
of
cassa
va (cm
)
Gro
wth
of
cassa
va (cm
)
Watarlogging occured
Watarlogging occured
(a) The distribution of rainfall from November 2011 to June 1st, 20112
(b) Changes of soil moisture related to growth rate in the areas of first-planting date
(c) Changes of soil moisture related to growth rate in the areas of second-planting date
Watarlogging occured
Gro
wth
of ca
ssava (cm
)
Watarlogging occured
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Growth Rate of Cassava
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 2100
20
40
60
80
100
120
1401st-planting date
2nd-Planting date
Day after transplanting (days)H
eigh
t of
cass
ava
(cm
)
I II III
Growth measurement
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Root yield & the Starch content
2.5
7.5
12.5
17.5
22.5
27.5
32.5
20.1
26.629.6
18.821.7
Sta
rch
con
ten
t (%
)
1st- Planting date: 67.74 ton/ha 2nd-Planting date: 62.56 ton/ha
Harvesting date; May 31, 2012
Sampling 5 kg; to investigate
the obtained of starch content
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4 month
s
5 month
s
6 month
s
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Conclusions Real-time monitoring data in the field is useful to estimate
the optimum planting date and the right time to harvest.
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The optimum planting dates of cassava after rice in upper paddy field in Khon Kaen, should be starting in period of November rather than December. The times for harvesting should be more than 6 months after transplanting (if, it possible). Then the starch content will be increased. However, in this case the harvesting date was done by the end-May. That is the right times for market condition.
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Source: Office of Agriculture Economics, DOA,1999.
May, June, July
Percent of cassava area harvested in each month
for the whole of Thailand.
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Distribution of cassava growing areas in Thailand
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Conclusions25
Common cropping systems in Northeast Thailand
Cropping system in the upper paddy areas in Khon Kaen province are changes, it seems influences by climate change in this region.
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MARCO Symposium 2012 (24th – 27th Sept, 2012)
THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION