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Groundnut as Dual-Purpose Crop:Opportunities and Limitations

M Blümmel, V. Vadez and P. Janila

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Topics

• Effect of haulm quality on weight gain of small ruminants fed exclusively on haulms from different cultivars:

India and West Africa

• Food-fodder traits in a wide range of groundnut cultivars grown over two years and two water

managements

•Targeted genetic enhancements towards food and fodder traits in groundnut

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Live weight gains in Indian Deccan sheep fed exclusively on groundnut

haulmsGroundnut cultivars Gain (g/d)ICGV 89104 137

ICGV 9114 123

TMV 2 111

ICGS 76 76

ICGS 11 76

DRG 12 66

ICGS 44 65

ICGV 86325 83

ICGV 92020 95

ICGV 92093 109

Prob > F 0.02

Prasad et al. 2010

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Live weight Changes in West African Dwarf Sheep Fed Exclusively on

Groundnut Haulms

Groundnut cultivars Gain/loss (g/d)M170-801 46

M554-76 24

M572-801 26

RMP-12 31

UGA-2 -6

UGA-5 38

Etela and Dung 2011

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On farms performance of improved (ICGV 91114) and traditional (TMV 2) groundnut cultivar across 3 villages in in India

Cultivars Pod yield Haulm yield Milk yield

TMV2 2.24 t/ha 2.64 t/ha 3.92 kg/d

ICGV 91114 2.57 t/ha 3.08 t/ha 4.36 kg/d

15 % 17 % 10 %

High adoption incentive through moderate but accumulating advantages

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Conclusions: effect of haulm fodderquality on livestock performance

• Choice of cultivar can effect livestock productivity of groundnut haulm fed livestock

• Quick impact likely by screening released and popular cultivars and pipeline cultivars for food-fodder traits with moderate investment

• Accumulative advantages of higher pod yield + higher haulm yield + higher haulm fodder quality provide high adoptions

incentives (risk avoidance? diversification?)

7(Blümmel et al., 2012 for this and further slides)

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13Haulm nitrogen content (%): Control

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Conclusions: phenotyping breedinglines for food-fodder traits

• Considerable cultivars dependent variations in food-fodder traits in key traits such as haulm N and in vitro

digestibility

• Considerable degree of independency between haulm and pod traits but water stress may increase trade-offs

• Accumulative advantages of higher pod yield + higher haulm yield + higher haulm fodder quality provide high adoptions

incentives (risk avoidance? diversification?)

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Best Genotypes Identified based on Food and Fodder Traits :

• ICGV 02266 (2.3 N and 61.2 OMD)*

• ICGV 94361 (2.38 N and 63.0 OMD)

• ICGV 97182 (2.21 N and 62.4 OMD)

• ICGV-86011 (2.5 N and 60.9 OMD)

• ICGV 02290 (2.4 N and 62.1 OMD)

• ICGV 97182 (2.2 N and 62.4 OMD)

• ICGV 02022 (2.3 N and 62.8 OMD)Source: ICRISAT Archival report for the year 2011

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• ICGV 02266 bred at ICRISAT has high pod and haulm yield and fodder quality and is

drought tolerant

Now in its second season of testing under AICRP-G and ICGV 02266 came up as farmer preferred variety in the Indian states of Odisha and Bihar

* ICGV 02266, this identified superior dual-purpose variety is now already in farmer

participatory varietal selection (FPVS) and national performance trials in India

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Further Breeding to Develop Dual-Purpose Groundnut Varieties

• Ten new crosses were attempted during 2011/12 postrainy and 2012 rainy season using high haulm quality lines as parents (ICGV 86011, ICGV 02022, ICGV 02266,

ICGV 02290, ICGV 97182, ICG 8760 and ICG 4597)

• To understand genetic enheritance of haulm quality traits, two crosses (ICGV 86011 x ICGV 93470 and ICG 8760 x ICG 4543) were made during 2012 rainy season between contrasting parents to derive generations for conducting generation mean analysis. The generations will be sown in 2013/14 postrainy season for evaluation.

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