Topic One: Foundations of Microbiology Be able to explain ... · Topic One: Foundations of...
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TopicOne:FoundationsofMicrobiology
Beabletoexplainhowmicrobiologyintegratesintoyourcourseofstudy
Understandingmicrobiologyisessentialinpathology.Manydiseasesandillnessesarecausedmymicrobesincludingsepsis,basicinfections,coldsandflusetc.Antibioticsareusedtotreatmanyillnesses.Wealsoneedtounderstandmicrobiologyforeffectiveinfectioncontrolascommonharmlessmicrobescanposeathreattothesickandinjured.
Listseveralwaysinwhichmicrobesaffectourlives
1. Responsibleforproducing50%oftheworld’soxygenviaphotosynthesis.2. Somedecomposewaste/recycling.3. Somemakeindustrialchemicalssuchasethanolandacetone4. Someproducefermentedfoodssuchascheese,bread,beerandwine.5. Somemakevaccinesandpharmaceuticals.6. Somecontributetomineralformation.7. Wewoulddiewithoutthem!Theydigestourfoodandthemicrobeson
ourbodysurfaceskeepbadbacteriaout.8. Biotechnologyproducts.EgHumaninsulin.
NB.Only2000speciesofbacteriaarediseasecausing.
Knowthecorrecttaxonomichierarchy(i.e.KnowthatDumbKidsPlayingChickenOnFreewaysGetSquashed!)andusethecorrecttaxonomicnomenclaturetoclassifyandnamemicroorganismslikeEscherichiacoli
Domain–Kingdom–Phylum–Class–Order–Family–Genus–Species
NomenclaturedevisedbyCarolusLinnaeusin1735.
Scientificnameisbinomial(hastwoparts).Firstpartisthegenusnameandthesecondpartisthespecificepithet.
Eg.Escherichiacoli(Notethatthegenusnameiscapitalizedandthespecificepithetisnot.Alsobothnamesmustbeeitherunderlinedoritalicized).
Oncethenamehasbeenmentionedonceitcanthenbeabbreviated.EgE.coli
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Namethemajorgroupsandcharacteristicsofeachgroupofmicroorganisms
NB.Prokaryote=beforenucleus.Eukaryote=truenucleus
1. Bacteria
-prokaryotes–simpleandsinglecelled.
-peptidoglycan(sugar)wall
-divideintotwotoreproduce(binaryfission)
-theycanuseeitherorganicorinorganicchemicals,orphotosynthesisfortheirenergysource.
2. Archaea
-prokaryotes
-NOsugarwall(peptidoglycan)
-liveinextremeenvironments
egMethanogens(producemethaneaswaste),Halophiles(saltloving),andthermophiles(heatloving).
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3. Fungi
-mushroomsetc.
-Eukaryotes
-havechitincellwalls
-useorganicchemicalsforenergy(CANNOTphotosynthesise).EgMushroomsgrowinthedark.Mouldgrowsonfoodinadarkfridge.
-mouldsandmushroomsaremulticellular.Theyaremassesofmyceliacomposedoffilamentscalledhyphae.Yeastsareunicellular.
4. Protozoa
-unicellulareukaryotes
-absorboringestorganicchemicals
-canbemotileviaflagella,ciliaorpseudopods.
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5. Algae
-eukaryotes
-cellulosewalls
-usephotosynthesisforenergy
-produceoxygenandorganiccompounds
6. Multicellularanimalparasites
-eukaryotes
-egareparasiticflatwormsandroundwormscalledhelminths
-microscopicstagesareinthelifecycle.
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7. Viruses
-acellular(notacell)
-consistofaDNAorRNAcoresurroundedbyaproteincoat
-coatmaybeenclosedinalipidenvelope
-replicateonlywheninalivinghostcell.Theyarenotcellsthemselves,rathertheyhijackcells.
Listthethreedomainsoflife
1. Bacteria2. Archaea3. Eukarya
a. Protistsb. Fungic. Plantsd. Animals