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TOPIC: CELLSCELLS AIM: How do we describe cells?.
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Transcript of TOPIC: CELLSCELLS AIM: How do we describe cells?.
TOPIC: CELLSAIM: How do we describe cells?
DO NOW:MAKE A HYPOTHESIS
A student was viewing a specimen under the microscope. The specimen appeared to be round and have a dark circle in the center. What is the specimen?
My hypothesis is that the specimen is________
because_____________________________________________________________________________________
How do we know that cells
exist?
The discovery of the microscope
RobertHooke
•Observed slices of cork with a comp. microscope (1600’s)
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
1600’sUsed a simple microscope
First to look at living cells
Observed one- celled organisms like bacteria
Rain pond water, the mouth, intestines
MatthiasSchleidan
Observed plant cells
All plants are made of cells
TheodorSchwann
Observed animal cells
All animals are made of cells
RobertVirchow
All cells are made from pre-existing cells.
(Cells divide more cells)
CellTheory
1. Cells are the basic unit of structure in all living things.
(Living things are made of cells)
2. Cells are the basic unit of function of all living things
(They carry out life processes)
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.
Exceptionsto the CellTheory
1. Viruses are NOT cells, and are NOT made of cells.
Virus do not reproduce by division because they are not
cells.
2. Mitochondria & Chloroplasts
cell parts that have their own DNA and reproduce on their own.
(Don’t need the nucleus to reproduce)
3. The first cell could not have come from a pre-existing cell.
Cells •Microscopic•Found in living
things•There are
different types•Smallest living
thing on earth
http://htwins.net/scale2/?bordercolor=white
EXAMPLES OF CELLS
Skin cells
Bone cells
MORE CELLS
Brain cells
Blood cells
How many
cells do we have?
Infants have fewer cells than adults because _______________________________________________________________
One hundred trillion
100,000,000,000,000
As an adult
Do infants have more or less cells?
Do Now: An organism is _____________________________________________________________
Organisms need cells to __________________________________________
Define organism
Why do organisms need cells?
TOPIC: CELLSAIM: HOW DO CELLS WORK?
Hw: Have a great weekend!!! ;-)!
If there are so
many cells how do we
classify them? 2.Based on the type of
organism it belongs to• Plant cell• Animal cell
1.Based on location or function of the cell
• blood cell• muscle cell
1. How do we know cells exist?2. What did Robert Hooke do for science?3. Which scientist observed the first living
cells and where did he observe them?4. List the cell theory5. Why are viruses exception to the cell
theory?6. What are organelles and why are they
important?
Cell QUIZ I
Organism • Any living thing
• Examples:–Shark -Tree-Bacteria–Human -Bird
Cells work (perform life activities) because
they contain organelles
Organelles• Structures
that are found in the cell that perform all cell activities
• a.k.a cell parts
Examples of
organellesNucleus
• Located in the center of the cell
• Appears as a circle• Sometimes solid in
color
The function is to be the control center for the cell and contains chromosomes
Chromosomes - contain hereditary genetic information
Cell Membrane
• Located around the entire cell
• Appears as a thin line• Similar to the walls
of the classroom
• The function is to be a barrier (wall) between the outside of the cell and the inside. AND……
• Allows materials to transport in and out of the cell
Cytoplasm • Located inside the cell membrane and outside the nucleus
• Appears as the “liquid” between all the organelles
• The function is to support all the organelles AND…
• Transport materials around the cell
• Similar to the ______in our bodies
Vacuole• Location is
scattered around the cytoplasm
• Appears as an empty circle
• The function is to be the storage site for wastes and other cellular materials
• Similar to the garbage pails in each room
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Located around the nucleus
• Appears as canals • A.k.a. – ER
• The function of the ER is to transport materials within the cell
AND….Sometimes contains
ribosomes
Ribosomes • Located on the ER and scattered around the cytoplasm
• Appears as dots
• The function is protein formation (synthesis)
• RIBosomes---Baby-back ribs give you protein
What do cells need to do all this work?
Mitochondria
• Located within the cytoplasm
• Appear as bean shaped structures
• The function is the production of energy
• A.k.a – the powerhouse
DO NOW: NAME THAT ORGANELLE
1. I am the organelle that is centered in the cytoplasm and I contain the genes, who am I?
2. I am the organelle that gives the cell proteins, who am I?
Topic: Cells
Aim: How do cells work?Day 2
More OrganellesGolgi Bodies • Located in the
cytoplasm• Appear as a
structure with many folds
• The function is to package all the wastes for removal
Lysosome • Located in the cytoplasm
• Appear as small circular structures with particles inside
• The function is to digest (break down) cellular materials
Centriole• Located in the
cytoplasm• Often near the nucleus• Appears in a set of two• ONLY IN ANIMAL CELLS
• The function is to help the cell with cellular division of the chromosomes
Chloroplasts• Located around the edge
of the cell• Appear as oval structures
with lines • ONLY IN PLANT CELLS• Contain Chlorophyll
• The function is to perform photosynthesis
Photosynthesisprocess in which plants produce their own food
Cell wall• Located outside
the cell membrane• ONLY IN PLANT
CELLS
• The function is to provide support and structure for the cell
Organelle Challenge
Do Now:
Describe what cells look like, using scientific names and as many details as possible.
The appearance of cells is__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
TOPIC: CELLS
AIM: HOW CAN WE VIEW CELLULAR STRUCTURES?
LAB# 4
DO NOW:
Make a conclusion based on yesterdays lab hypothesis and observations.
Be sure to restate your hypothesis, state if you were correct or not, and state specific observations
My hypothesis was that
___________________.In conclusion, my
hypothesis was ____.My observations
showed that cells ______________________________________________________
DO NOW:
BRAINSTORM:List your ideas as
to how we can see our own cells
I think that we can see our cells by ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
TOPIC: CELLSAIM: HOW ARE CELLS DIFFERENT?Do Now:Complete worksheet
titledCell
organelles
TOPIC: CELLS
AIM: HOW CAN WE VIEW OUR CELLS?
LAB # 5
A
B
C D
E