PARK PLANNING & DESIGN PMG 456

7TH TOPIC : PARK PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM AND ACTIVITIES

LECTURE OBJECTIVE

To identify Park Planning and Development process for program and activities according to Monty L. Christiansen

To determine the suitability of recreation facilities implementation based on activities

Give an overview on park planning development on activity and program aspect in the park.

PARK PLANNING PROCESS (DESIGN)

There are four major phases to park planning:1. Pre-design Phase2. Design Phase3. Development Phase 4. Actualization

PRE-DESIGN PHASE

Pre-design Objective: Is to prepare a design program, which describe the objective of

the park plan in experiential and physical terms Steps of the pre-design phase

1. Step 1 : Determine activities to be offered2. Step 2 : Consider activity experience orientation for each

activity3. Step 3 : Prepare activity analysis for each activity4. Step 4 : prepare synthesis of complete pre-design

package5. Step 5 : Document into organized design program

STEP 1 : DETERMINE ACTIVITIES

The basic approaches to determination of activities is to select the activities prior to any resources allocations including a) Natural – refer to inventory and analysis in order to

suited with certain needed activityb) Human – the opportunity to utilize special human

resourcec) Fiscal – capital development grants for outdoor

recreation have supported the provision of facilities activities

STEP 1 : DETERMINE ACTIVITIES

STEP 2 : CONSIDER ACTIVITY EXPERIENCE ORIENTATION FOR EACH ACTIVITY

Two preliminary considerations must be examined when preparing a design:1. Experience opportunities

a. Entry Level Participation – basic skills of any activitiesb. Skills-Improvement Participation – require special programc. Programmed Participation – scheduled experience with or

without formal organizationd. Unstructured Participation – some activities are 'prone to

inclination & opportunitye. Competitive Participation – compete and evaluatef. Vicarious Participation – where are spectators enjoy the

excitement & fun of an activity while not actually being involved

EXPERIENCE OPPORTUNITIES

2. Experience and development norms▪ Should recognize that there is a range of recreational

experience needs▪ Recreationist have different expectations and realize

different levels of satisfaction or gratification for activities participations

▪ Development norms – the physical development or environmental modification compatible with the proposed experience levels

▪ Experience norms – the level expectations by recreationist

STEP 2 : CONSIDER ACTIVITY EXPERIENCE ORIENTATION FOR EACH

ACTIVITY

STEP 3 : PREPARE ACTIVITY ANALYSIS FOR EACH ACTIVITY

Consist four factors of activity analysis such as:a. Activity Factor – establish the groundwork for the

primary planning. To provide quality recreational experience

b. Participant Factor – are essential descriptions of the specific user populations for the community

c. Resource & Facility Factor – related to development and to provide the park user with the quality experience.

d. Support Factor – consist 2 groups; services & facilities. Provide amenities in addition to the basic activity needs

STEP 4 : PREPARE SYNTHESIS OF COMPLETE PRE-DESIGN PACKAGE

Review the activity in order to identify area of duplications, conflict, omission & multiple use & synthesize these into summation for the complete project

STEP 5 : DOCUMENT INTO ORGANIZED DESIGN PROGRAM

The park design program has four basic components:a. Objectivesb. Activity conceptionc. Design controls d. Submission format

OBJECTIVE?

- Are desired outcomes or targets- It will guide a decision and form the

criteria against which work result are measured

- Something need to achieve - achievement

- Something efforts or actions are intended to attain or accomplish

DESIGN PHASE

Design Objective: Is to document the recommended physical arrangement of

the park object in conformance with design program Steps of the Design Phase:

1. Steps 1 : Establish design objectives from design program- should be expressed as functional or performance objectives

2. Steps 2 : Site analysis – the process of evaluate & comparing several sites to determine the best program & suitable

STEPS OF THE DESIGN PHASE

3. Steps 3 : Develop alternative concept plans - refer to concept topic

4. Steps 4 : Evaluation of alternatives/recommendation of primary concept plan- identify the best alternative, the suitable recommendation.

5. Step 5 : Refinement of concept- refine the concept to suited with the best alternative that has been chosen

6. Step 6 : Preparation of general development plan- Development that related to the design phase

PARK PLANNING CONCEPT

Planning is the first step at any level of management

The purpose of park planning is to ensure the necessary means, including human and physical resources and support services, to provide an established recreation experience

In park planning, objective and concept need to define as a guideline

CONCEPT

A general idea or an abstract that derived or inferred from specific instance or occurrences

An idea for something new to propose, design.

The idea will be expand and covered the whole proposal or design

Please refer lecturer 6

DEVELOPMENT PHASE

There are three distinct steps of the development phase of park planning:a) Preconstruction documentation

- construction drawing & specification- the documentation in graphic & narrative form- as a guideline and control for development- requires very careful preparation of construction drawings & specification

Preconstruction documentation

DEVELOPMENT PHASE

b. Construction Constructing – Competitive Bid- selecting contractor by several process

The Competitive Bid-Process – The park agency publicly requests interested contractor to submit

The advertisement – should be placed where the greatest number of potential bidders. The content & publication requirement follow gov. statue & policy.

The instructions to bidders – usually accompanied a bid form & package of contract document. Guidelines & directions for bid submission , Explanation of the contract-awarding procedure, Information about the work

The Proposal – Usually have three major part 1) The agreement to the basic conditions, The detailed contract cost prepared by bidder 3) The identification of the bidding firm

Selecting the best bidder – Determining which bidders are qualified, bid evaluation & comparison, notification of award

The contract – legal covenant signed by both the contractor and the authorized representative

DEVELOPMENT PHASE

DEVELOPMENT PHASE

c. Project Construction The actual project construction. The parties directly

involved in this step are the general contractor, his sub contractors, the park agency & the authorized construction inspector

Consist of several process:1. Construction insurance requirements – Park Agency &

Contractor

DEVELOPMENT PHASE

2. Construction progress & quality control▪ Approval of material substitution & work order

changes▪ Inspection, material testing & approval▪ Determination of work completed & payment▪ Final acceptance & payment

ACTUALIZATIONS

A continuous process of assuring that all experience determinants are appropriate for the proposed recreational activity.

Is to make sure that all experience determinants, nonphysical as well as physical, are appropriate for the proposed recreation activity

Is incorporated throughout the entire park planning process, before and concurrent with the physical planning phases and continuing after the completion facility development

ACTUALIZATIONS

Actualization requires merging of the complimentary park management processes of planning, control and evaluation.

Plan, control documents are the tools and media of this process..

Is a predetermined course of action over a specified period of time representing a projected response to an anticipated environment

Has three characteristic:1. It must involve the future while

simultaneously considering past & present experience

2. It must involve actions.3. It must involve decisions to take future

actions at the time the plan is authorized

ACTUALIZATIONS - PLAN

Control document may define or establish standard for 1. the quality of performance, service or

development; 2. protect park asset from wastage,

misuse, abuse, or loss; 3. is a set limits of responsibility and

authority; direct planning concern; 4. facilitate evaluation of result.

ACTUALIZATIONS - CONTROL

A good control document provides guidance without demanding unquestioning compliance and permits imaginative decision making applied to recurring problems or situations affecting the recreational experiences to be provided

Examples of park control document – policies, procedures, rules and regulations, performance standard, agency specifications etc.

ACTUALIZATIONS - CONTROL

Is based on control and affects plans. It provides the means for looping back

through the park planning process & insuring that the process is dynamic & continuous

To be effective, evaluation must:1. Be based on a well prepared control2. Identify & appraise significant measurable

qualities or characteristics of effort or situation

3. Provide foundation of instrument

ACTUALIZATIONS – EVALUATION INSTRUMENTS

ACTUALIZATIONS

It is necessary to coordinate all the quality determinants of a recreational experiences. There are four primary factors to be considered in the actualization process:1. Activity factors 2. Participant factors3. Physical resource factors4. Human resource factors(see page 87 (Park Planning Handbook (1977) by Monty L.

Christiansen

ACTIVITY FACTOR

Program planning should be based on activity analysis & should be well along prior to physical planning because of the special program needs that must be included in the design.

Determination of the experience opportunities offered (refer to Pre-design phase)

Program plans are complemented by program manuals, guides, schedules, performance standard & other controls

Various program effectiveness evaluation techniques used to identify weaknesses & implement improvements

PARTICIPANT FACTOR

The participant is the benefiting recipient of the recreational experience being planned, thus there are several factors concerning these individuals that are important to actualize the quality desired for their experiences Pre experiences plans – PR, program

information (fee, charges, permit etc.) Concurrent - recreational occasion, have

supervision, rescue procedure, preparation for any circumstances

PHYSICAL RESOURCE FACTORS Include the natural resources that comprise the park

site, the activity facility or area and the utilities and attendant mechanical retinue to sustain the activity1. Natural resources – directed actualization concerns are

related to either self-replenishing resources and site characteristics or nonrenewable resources and site qualities.

2. Activity areas & facility – the development & maintenance of activity area must be carefully coordinated to insure that all efforts are complementary to the proposed experience.

3. Utilities & Mechanical Equipment – These utilities must be designed and installed according to carefully prepared specifications & operated and serviced according to detailed manuals.

HUMAN RESOURCE FACTORS Two factors relative to recreation service

personnel that are commonly recognized: Employee performance – preparation,

control & evaluation. The employee need to make sure all the visitor get the experience as what management have provided and plan.

Employee remuneration and benefits – wage & salary, schedules, promotion criteria, medical insurance etc.

PHASE 1PRE DESIGN

PHASE

PHASE 2DESIGN PHASE

PHASE 3DEVELOPMEN

T

ACTUALIZATIONS

ACTUALIZATION

RECREATION

EXPERIENCE

PARK PLANNING PROCESS

OBJECTIVE

Any Questions?

NOW YOU NEED TO PROPOSE NEW CONCEPT & REDEVELOPMENT