Topic 4 Social Perception Psychosocio Studs
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Topic 4 : Social Perception and Cognition. WHAT IS SOCIAL PERCEPTION? Social perception is _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _________________________. • It helps us to collect and remember information about others, and to make inferences and judgments based on that information. Being competent in social perception includes three domains of competence: (1) knowing that other people have thoughts, beliefs, emotions, intentions, desires, and the like, (2) being able to “read” other people’s inner states based on their words, behavior, facial expression and the like, and (3) adjusting one’s actions based on those “readings”. • Social perception is the process of forming impressions of individuals. The resulting impressions that we form are based on information available in the environment. • For example, we are more like to perceive a beautiful person as being good (i.e. possessing desirable personality traits such as kindness, sociability, intelligence) than less attractive people. This particular bias is often called the halo effect . • WHAT ARE SOME COMMON SOCIAL PERCEPTION BIASES? • In-group bias or In-group favoritism: we tend to favor members of our in-group over those we perceive as out-group members. • Under certain circumstances, however, we are likely to show bias against in-group members, who behaves negatively; in particular, if he/she transgresses against a group norm. Theorists believe this is linked to our sense of social identity. There are two basic views on morality.
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Transcript of Topic 4 Social Perception Psychosocio Studs
Topic 4 : Social Perception and Cognition. WHAT IS SOCIAL PERCEPTION?Social perception is _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. It helps us to collect and remember information about others, and to make inferences and judgments based on that information.
Being competent in social perception includes three domains of competence: (1) knowing that other people have thoughts, beliefs, emotions, intentions, desires, and the like, (2) being able to read other peoples inner states based on their words, behavior, facial expression and the like, and
(3) adjusting ones actions based on those readings. Social perception is the process of forming impressions of individuals. The resulting impressions that we form are based on information available in the environment. For example, we are more like to perceive a beautiful person as being good (i.e. possessing desirable personality traits such as kindness, sociability, intelligence) than less attractive people. This particular bias is often called the halo effect. WHAT ARE SOME COMMON SOCIAL PERCEPTION BIASES? In-group bias or In-group favoritism:
we tend to favor members of our in-group over those we perceive as out-group members. Under certain circumstances, however, we are likely to show bias against in-group members, who behaves negatively; in particular, if he/she transgresses against a group norm. Theorists believe this is linked to our sense of social identity.
There are two basic views on morality. 1. The first view, a _____________________________, is associated with beliefs that emphasize the autonomy of the individual and his or her individual rights. 2. The second view, a _________________________, is based on the belief that obligation to others is the basis of morality. The process of social perception often makes people simplify the incoming information and categorize it by groups. Stereotypes can lead people to think that all members of a given group have a particular trait. Impaired social perception can have serious social consequences. For example, an adolescent boy might misread a girls sympathetic smile as a romantic invitation, and proceed to respond in a sexually offensive manner HOW TO UNDERSTAND OTHER PEOPLE A. Nonverbal Behavior Nonverbal communication is defined as the way in which people communicate, intentionally or unintentionally, without wordsincluding through facial expressions, tone of voice, gestures, body position and movement, touch, and gaze. B. Facial Expressions of Emotion Charles Darwin believed that human emotional expressions are universalthat all humans encode (express or emit nonverbal behavior) and decode (interpret the meaning of the nonverbal behavior of others) expressions in the same way. Why Is Decoding Sometimes Inaccurate? Facial expressions may sometimes be hard to interpret accurately because people may display affect blends, facial expressions where one part of the face registers one emotion and another part registers a different emotion. Eye contact and gaze are also powerful nonverbal cues. Personal space is a nonverbal behavior with wide cultural variation. SOCIAL COGNITION Social cognition attempts "to understand and explain how the thoughts, feelings, and behavior of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others" (Allport, 1985, p. 3). It studies the individual within a social or cultural context and focuses on how people perceive and interpret information they generate themselves (intrapersonal) and from others (interpersonal) (Sternberg, 1994).
