Topic 19 TCP/IPTopic 19 TCP/IP

Enabling Objectives19.1 DESCRIBE the OSI model and the TCP/IP Protocol.19.2 DISCUSS IP addresses.19.3 IDENTIFY common TCP/IP based protocols.

ARP

DNSDHCP

FTP

HTTPICMP

LDAP

OSPFPPP

PPTP

IRC

RIP

SNMP

SMTP

POP

TELNETIP

TCP

IGMPEGP

IGP

SMB

Network Devices

Transfer Mediums

Protocols

Basic Network Components

OSI Reference Model

PhysicalPhysical

Data LinkData Link

NetworkNetwork

TransportTransport

SessionSession

PresentationPresentation

ApplicationApplication

LLC Sublayer

MAC Sublayer

Layer 7

Layer 6

Layer 5

Layer 4

Layer 3

Layer 2

Layer 1

How data transfer’s over a network

PhysicalData LinkNetworkTransportSession

PresentationApplication

PhysicalData LinkNetworkTransportSession

PresentationApplication

Host B

End Product

Screen Layout

Start, Stop, Resume

End-to-End Management

Address and Routing

Media Access

Binary Transmission

MEDIAMEDIA

Host A

OSI model template for TCP/IP

Application

Transport

Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Data Link

Physical

OSI MODELOSI MODEL TCP/IP ModelTCP/IP Model

Network

Data Link

Physical

TCP/IP Model

Application

Transport

ETHERNET

PhysicalLAYER 1

LAYER 2

LAYER 3

LAYER 4

LAYER 5

Network

IRC

DNS

SMTP

SNMP

POP3

TELNET

HTTP

ARP/RARPIPICMP

DHCPIGMP

RIP

TCP UDP

OSPFIGP

EGPBGP

IP Datagram Structure

Version (4

bits)

Header Length (4 bits)

Type of Service (8 bits)

Total length of Datagram (16 bits)

Datagram Identification (16 bits)

Flags (3 bits)

Fragment Offset (13 bits)

Time To Live (TTL) (8 bits)

Protocol (8 bits)

Header Checksum (16 bits)

Source IP Address

Destination IP Address

IP Options (will be padded to fit in the 32-bit boundary)

Data portion of Datagram

TCP/IP Port Numbers

Well known port numbers

Port numbers in GCCS

Each Device Requires 3 IP’s

1st Octet Range # Hosts

CLASS A 1 – 126 16,777,214

CLASS B 128 – 191 65,534

CLASS C 192 – 223 254

CLASS D 224 – 239 Used for multicast

Default Subnet Masks

Class A 255.0.0.0

Class B 255.255.0.0

Class C 255.255.255.0

Class D N/A

2. Subnet Mask1. Unique IP

Every device connected to a TCP/IP network requires at least one

Internet Protocol (IP) address and it must be unique.

An IP address is commonly represented in dotted decimal notation;

this makes them easier to read than in binary format. Example:

205.1.12.101 vice 11001101 00000001 00001100 01100101

IP addresses are also broken down into classes.

What does Subnet Mask do?

205.1.3.1 11001101 . 00000001 . 00000011 . 00000001

255.255.255.0 11111111 . 11111111 . 11111111 . 00000000

Destination IP Address

=

Subnet Mask

=

11001101 . 00000001 . 00000011 . 00000000

ANDING ANDING ANDING

205.1.3.0=

Extracted Network addressLocal Network Address = 205.1.2.0

205.1.3.0 205.1.2.0 Default Gateway

IP Datagram

“ANDING”“ANDING”

Each Device Requires 3 IP’s (cont.)

3.

Basic IP Routing

Application

Transport

Network

Data Link

Physical

Application

Transport

Network

Data Link

Physical

Network

Data Link

Physical

205.1.2.0 205.1.3.0

ROUTER

TCP/IP = Postal Service

TYPED LETTER

TYPED LETTER

LETTER CARRIER

BAGTYPED LETTER

ADDRESSED ENVELOPE

ADDRESSED ENVELOPE

TYPED LETTER

TYPED LETTERADDRESSED ENVELOPE

LETTER CARRIER

BAGTYPED LETTER

ADDRESSED ENVELOPE

RECEIVE

LETTER PROCESS

SEND

Letter analogy

$.44$.44

Read Pages 19-15 through 19-19

Important Things to Know About IP Addressing!