TOPIC 1 OBSERVATION AND MEASUREMENT Objectives 1.Define observation, inference and prediction...
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![Page 1: TOPIC 1 OBSERVATION AND MEASUREMENT Objectives 1.Define observation, inference and prediction 2.Explain how change can be described and measured 3.Give.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022031909/56649cd95503460f949a2183/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
TOPIC 1OBSERVATION AND
MEASUREMENT
Objectives
1. Define observation, inference and prediction2. Explain how change can be described and measured3. Give some examples of cyclic changes in our environment
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OBSERVATION – interaction of one or more of the senses.
Sight, hear, touch, taste, and smell
Which senses do you use the most when you learn?
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• EXTEND our senses with
___________________
Sight
Touch
INSTRUMENTS
•SENSES ARE LIMITED
•- - measure with a metric stick,
telescope•- - thermometer, scale
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INFERENCE
• - is an interpretation of one or more observations
• Includes proposing explanation or reaching conclusions
• Una interpretacion de una o varias observaciones
• Incluye proponiendo una explicacion o alcanzando conclusiones
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Inference Versus Observation
1. The age of the students in this Earth Science Class is 15.
InferenceWhy?
2. The classroom door is made of wood.
ObservationWhy?
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PREDICTIONS
• - is an inference based on an observation that indicates what will happen in the future.
What is this guy doing?Que esta haciendo este hombre?
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Weather forecast
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CLASSIFICATION• Scientists group different objects
and events together on the basis of common properties or___________
• Make observation more meaningful • Poner diferente objetos y eventos juntos
basados en propiedades comunes o caracteristicas
characteristics
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CHARACTERISTICS OF CHANGE
What is change? A detectable difference in the environment over time.
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CHARACTERISTICS OF CHANGE
THE EVENTS OF CHANGE-• Series of change is called an event• The event may be such
asINSTANTANEOUS
lightningThe event may be such as the wearing away of mountains and the drifting of continents
GRADUAL
Earth Science is concerned with the events of change.
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FRAMES OF REFERENCE FOR CHANGE
We change observe
Place events of change on a
time scale- escala de tiempo
RATE OF CHANGE
-How much of a change takes
place within a given period
of time
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GRAPHING CHANGE
1. Useful for interpreting data
2. List of numbers
3. One factor is changing with
respect to another
Un factor esta cambiando con respecto al otro
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INTERPRETING GRAPHS
Show relationships between ________ variables
Encena la relacion entre dos variables
two
Can you think of any?
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Time and Temperature
increases
This is a Direct relationship
Temperature _________ as time increases
DIRECT RELATIONSHIP
Give me an example that would make this graph work in reference to the Sun.
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INVERSE RELATIONSHIP
Temperature decreases with passing time.
As time ___________ temperature decreases.
increases
INVERSE RELATIONSHIP
Give me an example that would make this graph work in reference to the Time of the day. Think night time and temperature!!
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CONSTANT
CONSTANT
Give me an example that would make this graph work in reference to Driving a car.Think about the speed limit!!
Que es un ejemplo que haria esta grafica trabajar en referencia a manejando un carro. Piensen del limite de velocidad!!
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CYCLIC CHANGES
• Moon changes are called _________PHASES
This cycle takes a __________ period of time. definite
The change repeats over and over in exactly the same way.
-Day and night
-Seasons- temporadas
-Position of stars and planets in the night sky
-__________________________________________
Ocean Tides- Mareas oceanicas
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CYCLIC CHANGES
Give me some examples that would make this graph work in reference to Earth Science? What happens over and over again ? Que son unos ejemplos que harian esta grafica trabaje en referencia a la Ciencia de la Tierra? Que sucede una y otra vez?
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Interaction of one or more of the senses.
To make an observation more meaningful. Hacer una observacion mas significativa
An interpretation based on one or more observation.
A series of events that can be instantaneous or gradual. Una serie de eventos que pueden ser instantanea o gradual
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5. How does energy flow in relation to change? Como fluye la energia en relacion con el cambio? 6. Define prediction. 7. What are the differences between a cyclic and non-cyclic change?
Energy flows from high to low energy.
Los flujos de energia fluyen de alta a baja energia
An inference based on an observation that indicates what will happen in the future.
Cyclic change repeats itself, predictable. Cambios ciclicos se repiten, predecible
Non-cyclic change is not predictable and only happens once(does not repeat itself). Cambios no ciclicos NO son predecible y solo pasa una vez.
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Please label the following graphs
8.
Direct
9.
Inverse or indirect
10.
Constant
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Define equilibrium.
Define pollution.
To maintain a balance.
Mantener un balance
Solid, liquid or gas that can harm the environment.
Gases, liquidos o solidos que perjudica el ambiente
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