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Transcript of Topas standard products Generation of test · PDF fileTopas standard products Generation of...
© 2010 Topas GmbH
Aerosol Generation
Topas standard products
Generation of test aerosols
© 2010 Topas GmbH
Aerosol Generation
applications of test aerosols
Quality testing of air filters
Functional tests at safety cabinets
Validation of clean room facilities
Validation of safety instrumentations (e.g. smoke detectors)
Calibration of particle counters
Flow visualization
Generation of tracer particles
Inhalation studies
General aerosol research
© 2010 Topas GmbH
Aerosol Generation
real environmental aerosols
particulate matter
bacteria
tobacco smoke / soot
engine exhaust
particle size [µm]
© 2010 Topas GmbH
Aerosol Generation
simulation of real environmental aerosols
time constant and reliably adjustable …
particle size distribution
particle number concentration
continuous operation of the generator
particles have to be inert and at equilibrium state with the surrounding gas phase
non-toxic, non aggressive aerosol substance
general requirements to test aerosols
© 2010 Topas GmbH
Aerosol Generation
atomizer aerosol generators polydisperse droplet aerosols series ATM
condensation aerosol generators monodisperse droplet aerosols series SLG
solid aerosol generators dust aerosols series SAG
overview on Topas aerosol generators
series ATM
series SLG series SAG
© 2010 Topas GmbH
Aerosol Generation
atomizer aerosol generators polydisperse droplet aerosols series ATM
condensation aerosol generators monodisperse droplet aerosols series SLG
solid aerosol generators dust aerosols series SAG
overview on Topas aerosol generators
series ATM
series SLG series SAG
© 2010 Topas GmbH
Aerosol Generation
general instrument setup – injector nozzle (ATM 210, ATM 22x)
Atomizer aerosol generators – series ATM – polydisperse aerosols
Pressurized air supply
Liquid supply
Aerosol outlet
Decompression zoneSmall drilling with a diameter
of 0,3mm, 0,5mm or 1,1mm
groove for the O-ring sealing
Pressurized air supply
Liquid supply
Aerosol outlet
Decompression zoneSmall drilling with a diameter
of 0,3mm, 0,5mm or 1,1mm
groove for the O-ring sealing
impact wall
Pressurized air supply
Aerosol outlet
Glas vessel
impact wall
Pressurized air supply
Aerosol outlet
Glas vessel
© 2010 Topas GmbH
Aerosol Generation
general instrument setup – laskin nozzle (ATM 230, ATM 24x)
Atomizer aerosol generators – series ATM – polydisperse aerosols
Aerosol
Larger particles are retained in the liquid Venturi effect causes
droplets to be taken up by air stream
Compressed air
Nozzle gap
Feed pipe and nozzle holder
© 2010 Topas GmbH
Aerosol Generation
different models
Atomizer aerosol generators – series ATM – polydisperse aerosols
210 210/H 220 226 230 240 241 242
Compressed air supply
Max. 1500 kPa (15 bar)
Max. 800 kPa (8 bar)
Built-in Compressor
Max. 800 kPa (8 bar)
Max. 800 kPa (8 bar)
Max. 800 kPa (8 bar)
Max. 800 kPa (8 bar)
Counter- pressure
10 bar 10 bar 200 mbar 200 mbar 200 mbar
12 mbar
12 mbar
600 mbar
Filling volume
10…80 ml 0.1… 0.5 l
1.5… 3.5 l
4.7… 8.0 l
1.5… 3.5 l
Flow rate 50… 250 l/h
500… 2500 l/h
50… 250 l/h
70… 300 l/h
500… 2500 l/h
3000… 10000 l/h (3…10 m³/h)
Max. 40000 l/h (40 m³/h)
Max. 120000 l/h (120 m³/h)
Mass flow Max. 2.0 g/h
Max. 20 g/h
Max. 2.0 g/h
Max. 2.5 g/h
Max. 20 g/h
Max. 60 g/h
Max. 240 g/h
Max. 720 g/h
Aerosol materials
DEHS, DOP, PAO (Emery 3004), salt solutions, PSL etc
ATM 210
ATM 220
ATM 226
ATM 230
ATM 241
© 2010 Topas GmbH
Aerosol Generation
Atomizer aerosol generators – series ATM – polydisperse aerosols
M Silencer
Valve Compressor HEPA-Filter Atomizer
Atomizer vessel with suspension
Flowmeter with adjustable
needle valve
ATM 226 for clean room applications
most commonly used Topas atomizer aerosol generator
applications:
quality tests of laminar flow boxes
acceptance tests in clean rooms
advantages
designed for mobile use
internal compressor, no compressed air required
integrated mains adapter 100 … 230 V
easy to clean, stainless steel housing
© 2010 Topas GmbH
Aerosol Generation
Device drift series ATM226 (>0,3µm)
1E+6
1E+7
1E+8
1E+9
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Operation period, min
Co
ncen
trati
on
wit
hin
an
air
flo
w o
f 270m
³/h
, #/c
f
40SKT
20SKT
5SKT
2SKT
Atomizer aerosol generators – series ATM – polydisperse aerosols
ATM 226 for clean room applications
according to standards VDI 3491, VDI 2083, FDA Guidelines
adjustable particle production rate by total flow rate
high reproducibility
1,0E+08
1,0E+09
1,0E+10
1,0E+11
0 10 20 30 40
Scale
Pa
rtic
le/m
in (
>0
,3µ
m)
© 2010 Topas GmbH
Aerosol Generation
DEHS as a standard test liquid
Particle size distribution of an ATM 220 measured by a SMPS
Modal = 0,25 microns -> MPPS range of many filters
0
1E+6
2E+6
3E+6
4E+6
5E+6
6E+6
7E+6
0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8
Particle size, µm
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n, P
art
icle
/cm
³
Name Di ethyl hexyl sebacate
CAS-No. [122-62-3]
Formula C26H50O4
Molar mass 426.69g/mol
Dynamic viscosity 0.023Pa s
Kinematic viscosity 25.16mm2/s
Density 0.912g/cm3 (DIN 51757)
Melting point 225K (-48°C) (ISO 3016)
Boiling point 525K (252°C) (DIN 51751)
Vapour pressure (293K) <1Pa
Flash point >473K (>200°C) (ISO 2592)
Atomizer aerosol generators – series ATM – polydisperse aerosols
Droplet diameter, Lifetime of
µm Water DOP DEHS
0.1 2 µs 12 min 84 min
0.3 73 µs 37 min 4 h
1.0 1 ms 8 h 57 h
3.0 7 ms 55 h 16 d
10.0 80 ms 23 d 160 d
© 2010 Topas GmbH
Aerosol Generation
different test liquids
Atomizer aerosol generators – series ATM – polydisperse aerosols
0.E+00
1.E+06
2.E+06
3.E+06
4.E+06
0 200 400 600
Particle Size, nm
Co
un
ts (
SM
PS
), 1
/min
. Emery
DEHS
DOP
Emery 3004 DEHS DOP
Name Polyalphaolefin Di-2-Ethylhexyl-Sebacat Di-2-Octyl-Phthalat
CAS-No. 68649-12-7 122-62-3 117-81-7
Dynamical viscosity 0.014Pa s 0.021Pa s 0.079Pa s
Density 819kg/m3 912kg/m
3 981kg/m
3
Boiling Point 474K (201°C) 525K (252°C) 657K (384°C)
© 2010 Topas GmbH
Aerosol Generation
ATM 243 for testing of oils mist separators
special development in combination with the
separator performance test rig SPT 140
adjustable aerosol temperature up to 130°C
Atomizer aerosol generators – series ATM – polydisperse aerosols
© 2010 Topas GmbH
Aerosol Generation
atomizer aerosol generators polydisperse droplet aerosols series ATM
condensation aerosol generators monodisperse droplet aerosols series SLG
solid aerosol generators dust aerosols series SAG
overview on Topas aerosol generators
series ATM
series SLG series SAG
© 2010 Topas GmbH
Aerosol Generation
Condensation aerosol generators – series SLG – monodisperse aerosols
generation of monodisperse droplet aerosols
adjustable particle size and concentration
Nuclei Source
(Atomizer)
Vapour
(Saturator)
Reheater Heterogeneous
CondensationN2 monodisperse
Aerosol
d m
c V
c N
+
controlled heterogeneous condensation according to the Sinclair-La-Mer principle
Atomizer: production of condensation nuclei from a solution (NaCl, water)
Saturator: mixing of condensation nuclei with DEHS vapor
Reheater: defined temperature conditions
Condensation Chimney: controlled condensation of the DEHS vapor onto the NaCl nuclei
© 2010 Topas GmbH
Aerosol Generation
Condensation aerosol generators – series SLG – monodisperse aerosols
Reheater
N2
cN
Atomizer
Diffusion Dryer
totalV.
SaturatorV.
cV
cN
HEPA-
FilterSaturator
TS
cV;S
Condensation
chimney
Flow ValvePressure
regulator
Reheater
Saturator
N2
cN VS
TR
cV
dm , g,
cN
cVVscreencN
TS
Condensationchimney
Flow ValveFlow Valve
Atomizer
Diffusion Dryer
HEPA-Filter
Pressureregulator
Vtotal
SLG 250
SLG 270
screen section
reduction on NaCl nuclei
larger particles
smaller number concentration
© 2010 Topas GmbH
Aerosol Generation
Saturatorbypass valve
Screenbypass valve
Temperaturecontroller for:SaturatorReheater
On/Off
Aerosol outlet
Flowmeter for:Total flowSaturator flowScreen flow
Nitrogen inlet
TOPAS
SLG 270
Condensation aerosol generators – series SLG – monodisperse aerosols
© 2010 Topas GmbH
Aerosol Generation
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 50 100 150 200 250
Saturator Flow , l/h
Pa
rtic
le S
ize d
ae
, µm
240°C
200°C
220°C
Particle size vs. Saturator Flow at
Different Saturator Temperatures
(NaCl-Solution 20mgNaCl/lH2O, DEHS)
Condensation aerosol generators – series SLG – monodisperse aerosols
increased saturator flow more DEHS vapor to be condensed larger particles
increased saturator temperature more DEHS vapor larger particles
© 2010 Topas GmbH
Aerosol Generation
Condensation aerosol generators – series SLG – monodisperse aerosols
increased screen flow less NaCl nuclei larger particles
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 50 100 150 200 250
Screen Flow , l/h
Pa
rtic
le S
ize
da
e, µ
m
Particle Size vs. Screen Flow (Saturator
Flow 250l/h, Saturator Temperature
220°C, NaCl Solution 20mgNaCl/lH2O,
DEHS)
© 2010 Topas GmbH
Aerosol Generation
Condensation aerosol generators – series SLG – monodisperse aerosols
adjustable, very narrow particle size distributions
© 2010 Topas GmbH
Aerosol Generation
Condensation aerosol generators – series SLG – monodisperse aerosols
adjustable, very narrow particle size distributions
240
200
160
20 50 100150200 250
0
1
2
3
4
5
Part
ikelg
röß
e d
ae
r, µm
Saturator-
Temperatur, °C
Saturator-
Volumenstrom, l/h
Par
ticle
Siz
e
Saturator Volume
Flow Rate
Saturator
Temperature °C
Particle Size Range
DEHS Stearic Acid Carnauba Wax (solid)
0.1 ... 5µm (8µm) 0.1 ... 6µm (12µm) 0.1 ... 3µm (5µm)
Other Tested Materials Emery 3004, Engine Oil 15W40, Paraffines
Geom. Stand. Dev. <1.15
Number Concentration 106Particle/cm
3
Total Flowrate 200 ... 250l/h
Saturator Temperature Up to 400°C
Reheater Temperature Up to 400°C
Carrier Gas Nitrogen 250l/h@5bar
Power Supply 110...240VAC 50…60Hz
Dimensions 550 300 250mm
Weight 17kg (19kg)
© 2010 Topas GmbH
Aerosol Generation
atomizer aerosol generators polydisperse droplet aerosols series ATM
condensation aerosol generators monodisperse droplet aerosols series SLG
solid aerosol generators dust aerosols series SAG
overview on Topas aerosol generators
series ATM
series SLG series SAG
© 2010 Topas GmbH
Aerosol Generation
feeding and dispersion of powders and test dusts
continuous operation
highly accurate feeding control, optional remote
volumetric or gravimetric feeding
Dust generators – series SAG410
Injector (Nozzle)
Scraper
Feeding Belt Driving Pulley
Excentric
Scraper Vessel (powder reservoir)
© 2010 Topas GmbH
Aerosol Generation
wide adjustable feeding range
exchangeable feeding units
Dust generators – series SAG410
SAG model Aerosol flow rate
[m3/h]
Powder mass
flow rate
[g/h] 1)
Powder concentration
[g/m3]
1)
410/H 8 ... 20 110 … 6100 6 … 770
410 1.5 ... 4 9 … 490 2 … 325
410/L 1.5 ... 4 2 … 245 0.5 … 160
410/U 1.5 ... 4 0,2 … 25 0.05 … 17
1) ISO 12103-A2, bulk density 0.95 g/cm³
0
5
10
15
0 2 4 6
Pressure, 105 Pa
Flo
w R
ate
, N
m3/h
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
0 2 4 6
Pressure, 105 Pa
Flo
w R
ate
, N
m3/h
standard nozzle
high flow nozzle
© 2010 Topas GmbH
Aerosol Generation
2
3
5
6
2
3
5
6
new patented principle of dust generation
no dust impaction, free powder flow
closed cycle feeding, reliable long-term
operation
minimum of contact surfaces / adhesion
effects, suitable for poor flow test dusts
Dust generators – series SAG410/U – small scale dust generation
1 - Scraper Adjustment Screw
2 - Screw Feeder
3 - Dust Reservoir
4 - Ring Clamping
5 - Rotating Feeding Ring
6 - Injector Nozzle
1 - Scraper Adjustment Screw
2 - Screw Feeder
3 - Dust Reservoir
4 - Ring Clamping
5 - Rotating Feeding Ring
6 - Injector Nozzle
© 2010 Topas GmbH
Aerosol Generation
feeding rate adjustable by rotational ring speed, ring dimensions
feeding depending only on bulk properties of the test dust
applicable to all common test dusts
reservoir 70 cm³
max. particle size 100 µm
test dusts
ISO 12103-A4 (coarse), ISO 12103-A2 (fine), Aluminium oxide (Pural SB, NF), Titanium dioxide, soot
aerosol flow rate 1,5 … 4 m³/h
powder mass flow
PURAL SB: 0,21 … 20 g/h ISO 12103-A2: 0,5 … 8,8 g/h TiO2: 0,27 … 17 g/h Soot: 0,07 … 7 g/h
JIS 11: 0,3 … 7g/h
compressed air supply
min. 1 bar max. 6 bar
power supply 100 ... 260 V AC, 47…63 Hz
Dust generators – series SAG410/U – small scale dust generation
0,01
0,1
1
10
1 10 100
Rotational Ring Speed [%]
Ma
ss
Flo
w R
ate
[g
/h]
JIS Z 8901-11 TiO2
ISO 12103-A2 Pural SB
Pural NF Soot
© 2010 Topas GmbH
Aerosol Generation
testing of cleanable filter media according to VDI 3926 / ISO 11057
application of poor flow Pural NF
small feed rates small filter cross sections
reliable long-term operation, total test duration 14h
Dust generators – series SAG410/U – small scale dust generation
Dust Generator SAG410/U, Pural NF
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 100 200 300 400 500
Time [min]
Ma
ss
Flo
w R
ate
[g
/h]
cV = 2,1%
HEPA - Filter Paper
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Gravimetric Loading [mg]
Dif
fere
nti
al P
res
su
re [
mb
ar]
AFC 131, SAG410/U, LAP321
© 2010 Topas GmbH
Aerosol Generation
testing of diesel soot filter elements (flat sheet + elements)
component of a customized Topas test rig
differential pressure + dust loading behavior
advantage of solid aerosol generation compared to combustion soot generators:
remarkable soot amounts required for sufficient filter loading
Dust generators – series SAG410/U – small scale dust generation
SMPS measurement
Soot density distribution generated
by a SAG410/U
Electrical mobility diameter [nm]
© 2010 Topas GmbH
Aerosol Generation
component of the Topas ISO5011 test rig ABP115
dust loading of motor air intake filters
esp. for ISO12103-A2/A4
gravimetric feeding with scale option
remote control option
Dust generators – series SAG420 – dust loading
© 2010 Topas GmbH
Aerosol Generation
component of the Topas EN779 test rig ALF114
testing of particulate air filters
suitable for fibrous test dusts
long-term continuous operation
highly accurate feeding control, optional remote
Dust generators – series SAG440 – ASHRAE test dust