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CE Newsletter July 2004 Issue

July 2004 - ISSN 0219-3760 • Volume 14• No. 3

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Department’s Flagship Research Focus: Offshore Engineering

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● Upcoming Seminars ● Upcoming Conferences ● Upcoming Short Courses

Archives

● Appointments (April - June 2004) ● Two Bundles of Joy (April - June 2004) ● Staff Activities (April - June 2004) ● Seminars Held (April - June 2004) ● Journal Publications (Jan - Mar 2004) ● Conference Presentations (Jan - Mar

2004)

Articles

Visit by Professor Asgeir Sorensen from NTNU, Norway

New Book Edited by Dr D-H Lee

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http://www.eng.nus.edu.sg/civil/whatsnew/announcement/shortcourse.html


Site Visit to Belanak FPSO in McDermott Batam Yard

New book by Professor C M Wang

ISOPE Offshore Mechanics Scholarship 2004

Completed Research Project : Effects of Long- Distance Earthquakes

Prof C M Wang Elected Chairman of IES/IStructE Joint Committee

Completed Research Project : Wave-Current Interaction and its Effect on Sediment Transport

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CE Newsletter April 2004 Issue


Department’s Flagship Research Focus: Offshore Engineering

The Department has witnessed a strong growth in Offshore Engineering research in recent years. It is the current flagship research focus of the Department. This reinvigorated research thrust places great emphasis on offshore technology, involving installation engineering, steel-concrete-steel sandwich systems, plated and tubular structures, structural reliability, soil-structure interaction, knowledge-based engineering and very large floating structures.

Research in Offshore Engineering included projects carried out on lightweight scaffolding system and smart connectors, dynamics and decision support system for lift installation of structures which were supported under the Marine Technology Programme of the National Science & Technology Board (NSTB), now known as the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR). These projects were conducted in collaboration with industry partners including Joint Shipyard Technologies, Keppel Offshore & Marine Ltd, Sembawang Marine & Offshore Engineering Pte Ltd and Asian Lift Pte Ltd.

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The Department’s expertise in offshore engineering is internationally recognised, as evidenced by the awards received by members of its research team. They include the Stanley Gray Award - Offshore Technology 2001 from the Institute of Marine Engineering Science and Technology (IMarEST), the ISOPE Awards (in 1993 and 2002) and the ISOPE Offshore Mechanics Scholarships (in 2002 and 2004) from the International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers, and the Prestigious Engineering Achievement Award from the Institution of Engineers, Singapore (IES) in October 2003. To date, an Invention Disclosure on Rapidly Erectable Deployable Space Frames has been submitted and a patent application filed with the U.S. Patent and Trademarks Office for Triple Coupler for Flexible Scaffold System.

In September 2002, the Keppel Professorship in Ocean, Offshore and Marine Technology was launched with a S$1.5 million donation from Keppel Corporation Limited. The appointment of Professor Torgeir Moan from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), as the first Keppel Professor, has provided the impetus for increased collaborative research with NTNU, in particular with the Centre for Ships and Ocean Structures (CeSOS). International R&D partners include Delft University of Technology (The Netherlands), Imperial College (UK), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (USA) and international companies like American Bureau of Shipping, Cooper Cameron, Det Norske Veritas, ExxonMobil and Heerema Marine Contractors.

The Department has secured a grant of S$2.66 million from the Economic Development Board for manpower development in oil and gas, and offshore engineering technologies. A Centre for Offshore Research and Engineering (CORE) has been set up recently in the Faculty of Engineering for collaborative R&D with industry partners including the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA).








Visit by Professor Asgeir Sorensen from NTNU, Norway

At the invitation of the Department of Civil Engineering, Professor Asgeir Sorensen from Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), came to visit NUS from 26 April to 5 May 2004.

Dr Sorensen is Professor of Marine Cybernetics at the Department of Marine Technology, NTNU, and a key member of the Centre of Excellence for Ship and Ocean Structures (CSOS). He is also President of Marine Cybernetics AS, Board Member of Norsk Hydro Fond, Board Member of the



Research Council of Norway and was Scientific Advisor to ABB Marine (Norway). Professor Sorensen is especially well-known internationally and sought after in his field as one with the rare combination of significant academic and industrial track record. He has worked for a number of years at ABB Marine and commissioned controls systems on FPSOs and semi-submissibles. He has published quality journal and conference papers in the area of Marine Control Systems, which result in two international awards, the Automatica Prize Paper for the period 1993-95 and the International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC) for best regular paper in 2003. He is member of numerous international conference committees in the area of Control of Marine Systems. He has contributed chapters in two books related to Ocean Engineering.

During his stay at NUS, he interacted with many staff from Civil, Mechanical and Electrical & Computer Engineering departments. In addition, he delivered a seminar on Structural Issues in the Design of Marine Control Systems with Examples from Dynamically Positioned Ships and Rigs as well as conducted a three-day short course on Marine Control Systems. Both were well attended by engineers and managers from the industry as well as staff and students from NUS. Professor Sorensen also spent a significant amount of time working with Professor Quek and his PhD student, Mr Nguyen Trong Dong, on Dynamic Positioning of Floating Systems. This has developed into a collaborative effort between the Structural & Offshore Engineering Group and CSOS, NTNU. Partial support is currently being sought from Keppel Offshore & Marine to sponsor Mr Dong’s trip to Norway so as to use the state-of-the-art facilities as well as interact with graduate students in Marine Cybernetics at NTNU. Professor Sorensen was particularly pleased with the amount of work achieved during his short stay and looks forward to another trip here in the near future.








Site Visit to Belanak FPSO in McDermott Batam Yard

On 31 July 2004, Assoc Prof YS Choo and several Civil Engineering research staff and students had the privilege to visit the Belanak Floating Production Storage & Offloading (FPSO) vessel. The guided tour of the Belanak FPSO, as well as derrick lay barge DLB30, was hosted by Mr Anwar Ali, Engineering Director of J. Ray McDermott, Batam Island, Indonesia.

The contract to provide project management, engineering, procurement, construction and installation (EPCI) services for the Conoco Belanak FPSO was awarded to PT Brown & Root Indonesia, an affiliate of Kellogg Brown & Root (KBR). This project involves the construction of one of the most complex processing systems ever installed offshore, and is a significant milestone for the Indonesian



upstream sector.

The bulk procurement, construction, integration and at shore commissioning assistance of topside modules for the Belanak FPSO is handled by PT McDermott, Indonesia in Batam Island. The topsides facilities of the new build spread-moored FPSO, weighing over 25,000 tonnes, will process approximately 100,000 barrels per day of total hydrocarbon liquids, including cryogenic processing for the production and export of the LPG products, and up to 500 million standard cubic feet of gas per day. The FPSO hull will have a storage capacity of one million barrels of oil.

The Belanak FPSO is located in the ConocoPhillips-operated South Natuna Sea Block B in Indonesian waters, approximately 200km northeast of Singapore.








ISOPE Offshore Mechanics Scholarship 2004

Mr Boh Jaw Woei, a PhD candidate supervised by Assoc Prof Choo Yoo Sang and Dr Luke Louca of Imperial College, London was one of the five recipients of the ISOPE Offshore Mechanics Scholarship 2004 awarded by The International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE) during the ISOPE-Toulon Conference.

The Award Committee received 12 Applications with outstanding records for 2004-2005. Prof Ronald Knapp, the president-elect (2005-2006) presented the certificates and US$500 checks to three of the recipients at the annual banquet, Toulon, France, May 26.




Prof C M Wang Elected Chairman of IES/IStructE Joint Committee

Prof Wang Chien Ming has been elected as the Chairman of the IES/IStructE Joint Committee for a term, from 1 July 2004 to 31 December 2006. The Joint Committee was formed in 1989 and ever since it has been working with the IES to promote structural engineering practice in Singapore. Engineers who wish to know the activities organized by the committee may visit the IStructE website http://www.istructe.org.uk/branch/Singapore/frameset.asp?BID=28&Name=Singapore

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http://www.istructe.org.uk/branch/Singapore/frameset.asp?BID=28&Name=Singapore









New Book Edited by Dr D-H Lee

Dr Lee Der-Horng has recently completed a book project, Urban and Regional Transportation Modeling, to honor Professor David Boyce for his legendary contributions to the fields of transportation modeling and regional science.

Professor Boyce was a visiting professor to the department in January/February 2003. Professor Boyce has made a number of significant contributions at the interface of transportation and regional science. He has been a pioneer in injecting rigor and consistency into spatial analysis. Professor Boyce was the recipient of the Robert Herman Lifetime Achievement Award in Transportation Science of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS).

Chapters in this festschrift in honor of David Boyce contain interesting and quality papers that reflect the diversity of interests of the honoree. The papers reflect the ethos of this copious body of analysis and take it further in extensions and applications. It will prove to be an enduring source of ideas and insight. It demonstrates convincingly that advanced transportation modeling is able to uncover previously unknown scientific territory. The book also attests to the impressive progress made in the past decades in mapping out complex spatially interacting systems by means of sophisticated urban and regional transportation modeling.








New book by Professor C M Wang

Recently, CRC Press published a book entitled "Exact Solutions for Buckling of Structural Members" (ISBN: 0-8493-2222-7). The book is authored by Prof C M Wang (National University of Singapore), Prof C Y Wang (Michigan State University) and Prof. J N Reddy (Texas A & M University). It condenses closed-form buckling solutions of columns, beams, arches, rings, plates, and shells from the vast literature into a single volume. With coverage of a wide range of buckling problems, this innovative reference provides engineers and researchers benchmarks for assessing the validity, convergence, and accuracy of solutions obtained by numerical methods.








Effects of Long- Distance Earthquakes (R-264-000-118-112)

Buildings in Singapore sway as a result of earth tremors caused by earthquakes in Sumatra, even though Singapore rests on a stable part of the Eurasian plate. The closet fault is the Sumatra Fault (see Figure 1) is at least 400 km away from Singapore. There is another fault, called subduction fault, about 600 km from Singapore is also of concern.

Seismic waves originating from these faults travel long distances before they reach Singapore. High-frequency earthquake waves dissipate rapidly as they travel away from the source. However, low-frequency or long-period waves are stronger and can transmit more energy over much longer distances; seismic waves reaching Singapore’s bedrock are often rich in long-period waves. When these waves propagate through soil layers, they can be significantly amplified due to resonance if the soil layers possess natural periods similar to the dominant period of the seismic waves. Such ground motion can develop further resonance with buildings that have natural periods similar to the site’s natural period. Hence, tall buildings located on soft-soil sites tend to suffer the most severe vibration because of multiple resonances that develop in both the buildings and the soil. Estimating the magnitude and frequency of the rock motions reaching Singapore presents a challenge due to the limited data available. The attenuation or weakening of seismic waves in large part occurs because of regional crustal conditions. Seismological monitoring studies have established information on attenuation worldwide, including low-activity areas. This knowledge can be used to determine regional attenuation properties of the earth’s crust; including energy losses during wave transmission. By combining the generic source model describing the energy released at a fault with the crustal model, a seismic-hazard predictive model to estimate the bedrock motion in Singapore has been established. The model has been calibrated using some field data obtained during recent events. Figure 2 shows



the acceleration response spectra at the Singapore bedrock for the worst possible earthquake events at the two faults in Sumatra.

Since soft soil can significantly amplify the bedrock motion due to site effects, sites in the Kallang formation on the eastern part of Singapore are selected in the predominant period range of the rock motion. The sites are located at Marine Parade (MP), Katong Park (KAP) and Katong area (KAT). The accelogram corresponding to worst possible events have been used as input to the bedrock of selected soil sites to determine the soil surface motions, and hence the base shear demand spectra on single degree of freedom system (SDOF), representing buildings founded on the selected soil sites.

In order to assess whether buildings located at these critical sites are vulnerable to the ground motions, the capacities of typical buildings under seismic loads are determined using pushover analysis. The pushover curve (base shear vs. roof lateral displacement) of a multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) system is converted into an equivalent single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system to form the capacity diagram in A-D format, where A and D are the acceleration and the corresponding deformation of the equivalent SDOF system. The displacement demand is obtained by plotting the capacity and demand curves together, as in Figure 3 which is for a typical 16 story slab block. The intersection of the two curves is the performance point of the equivalent SDOF system. From which, the displacement demand and the corresponding base shear on the buildings, modeled as MDOF, are determined and compared with the ultimate capacity of the building.



Contact person : Prof T BalendraEmail: [email protected] Tel: 68742159


mailto:[email protected]







Wave-Current Interaction and its Effect on Sediment Transport(R-264-000-104-112)

It is well-known that wave and current induced bottom shear stresses drive sediments into motion and transport the sediments near the sea bed and in the overlying water column. In any attempts to quantify the rate of sediment transport, it would be very important to understand the interactions between waves and currents and their effects on sediment transport, especially in domains where waves and currents are both dominant. Through a collaborative effort between the National University of Singapore (NUS), the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA), an enhanced model for wave-current interaction has been developed and incorporated into a predictive model for Malacca and Singapore Straits.

The wave-current interaction was based primarily on the theoretical development by Professor Ole S Madsen at MIT. Laboratory studies were conducted at NUS and MIT for both co-directional and orthogonal waves and currents to derive a better description of the wave-current interactions. In particular, the experimental studies have led to the conclusion that the equivalent Nikuradse roughness may be represented by 4 times the ripple height. Used together with the modified Grant-Madsen combined wave-current boundary layer model, the improved model could be used to predict the characteristics of the currents in the presence of waves over wave-rippled bottom, irrespective of the current direction relative to the wave direction. This is an important step in the application of the wave-current interaction model to a more general scenario of differing wave and current directions.

The modified Grant-Madsen wave-current model was incorporated into a prediction system comprising of a modified Princeton Ocean Model and a consistent sediment transport module. The sediment transport prediction was primarily based on known methodologies used to predict bed-load transport, suspended load transport and bed-level changes. The effects of bottom shear stress generated by waves on the sediment transport was also taken into account so that the total shear stress will be the sum of the enhanced bottom current shear stress and the period averaged bottom wave shear stress. The numerical modelling efforts were pursued by researchers at the Tropical Marine Science Institute (TMSI) in collaboration with Professor Madsen from MIT. Maritime and Port Authority (MPA) assisted in the provision of field data.

Numerical studies for a rectangular channel with tide driven currents showed that surface waves effects on the bottom shear stresses as well as sediment concentration could be significant in many practical scenarios. The effects increased with wave periods and wave heights, i.e. when the stresses



due to the free surface waves were increased at the sea bed.



Contact person : Prof. Chan Eng SoonEmail: [email protected] Tel: 67749879


mailto: [email protected]





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Appointments

Appointments

Mr Goh Yang Miang, Research Engineer, 15 April 2004Mr Tee Kong Fah, Research Engineer, 5 May 2004Mr Shen Lijun, Research Engineer, 26 June 2004

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Two Bundles of Joy

Welcome 2 Baby Boys.

Name: Muhammad Naim Shah Bin Erwinshahrizel

Name: Tan Jin Kiat, Ryan

Date of Birth: 13 June 2004 Date of Birth: 19 June 2004 Proud Mother: Nurhayati Binte Sukiman, Management Support Officer (Department Office)

Proud Father: Tan Seck Wei, Adrian, Laboratory Officer (Educational Information Technology Laboratory)

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Staff Activities (April - June 2004)

I. Journal Editorial Board & Professional Committees

Name of Staff Details of Membership

Tan Kiang Hwee Honorary Secretary of Institution of Engineers, Singapore for the Session 2004/2005.

Re-elected to Executive Council Member of the International Committee on Concrete Model Code for Asia (ICCMC), as well as Co-ordinator of Working Group 1 (WG1) on Design, for another 2-year term from July 2004 to June 2006.

II. Keynote/Invited Presentations, Conference Committees & Session Chair

Name of Staff Description

Tan Kiang Hwee Invited lecture at the Materials and Environment Conference 2004, held in commemoration of the 30th Anniversary of Japanese Society of Corrosion Engineering, in Tokyo, Japan from April 26-28, 2004.

Member of the International Technical Committeee for the 3rd International Symposium on New Technologies for Urban Safety of Mega Cities in Asia, to be held in Agra, India from October 18-19, 2004.

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Space Enhancement in Buildings through Design and Construction: Openings and Recesses in Beams”, Invited Paper, IES/IEM/PII Tripartite Conference on Major Building and Infrastructural Construction Projects, Singapore, March 25-26, 2004, pp. 114-123.

III. Others

Name of Staff Description

K. C. G. Ong Member, Building and Construction Standards Committee, Singapore Productivity and Innovation Board, April 2004 to July 2007.

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Seminars Held (April - June 2004)

Date Title Speaker2 April Engineered Composites and Functionally-

Graded Concrete - A New Solution for the Durability of RC Structures

Dr Mohamed Maalej,Dept of Civil Eng, NUS

7 April Prediction of Steady Dynamic Characterization for ions transport across RO/NF membranes: The Salt with Equivalence Couple Ions Model

Dr Zhang Jin Chang, Research Fellow Centre for Water Research, Environmental Science & Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore

7 April Recovery of Glutamic Acid from Ultrafiltration Concentrate Using Diafiltration with Isoelectric Supernatants

Dr Zhang Guojun, Research Fellow Centre for Water Research, Environmental Science & Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore

29 April Structural issues in the design of marine control systems with examples from dynamically positioned ships and rigs

Prof Asgeir J. Soerensen Norwegian University of Science & Technology

7 May Impacts of Alternative Policy Options on Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Urban Freight Transport in Australia

Prof Michael A P Taylor Transport Systems Centre University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia

11 May Modelling of Surface Water Waves based on Nonlinear Theory

Dr Chan Chun TatFormer Research FellowImperial College London

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14 May Organic Matter Characterization and Its Treatability in Water Reclamation

Dr Hu Jiangyong Environmental Science & Engineering Programme, NUS

24 May Application of force resultant models describing Jack-up foundation behaviour

Dr Mark Cassidy Senior Lecturer Centre for Offshore Foundation SystemsUniversity of Western Australia

26 May Response of Moving Load on Infinite Beams Resting on Reinforced Granular Beds

Prof Sarvesh ChandraIndian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India

10 June The Planning and Analysis Implications of Automated Data Collection Systems: Subway OD Matrix Inference and Path Choice Modeling Examples

Mr Zhao Jinhua MIT

21 June Managing Lakes for Optimum Water Quality and Maximum Water Quality Security

Prof Jörg ImbergerChair, Centre for Water Research University of Western Australia

25 June Hydroinformatics and Urban Water Management Research @ WEDC

Prof Kalanithy Vairavamoorthy Water, Engineering and Development Centre Loughborough University , UK

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Main Page

Journal Publications (January - March 2004)

Ilyas, T, C.F. Leung, Y.K. Chow and S.S. Budi, “Behavior of laterally loaded pile group in clay”, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 130, No. 3 March 2004, pp. 274-283

Ong, K. C. G. and J.H. Kang, “Jacketing of preloaded steel columns” Journal of Constructional Steel Research Vol. 60, Issue 1, January 2004, pp 109 – 124. Elsevier Science B. V.

Tan, K.H. and M.K.H. Patoary, “Strengthening of Masonry Walls against Out-of-Plane Loads using FRP Reinforcement”, ASCE Journal of Composites for Construction, Vol. 8, No. 1, USA, January/February 2004, pp. 79-87.

Watanabe, E., T. Utsunomiya, and C.M. Wang, “Hydroelastic analysis of pontoon-type VLFS: A literature survey,” Engineering Structures, 26(2), 245-256.

Wang, C.M., Y. Chen, and Y. Xiang, “Stability criteria for rectangular plates subjected to intermediate and end inplane loads,” Thin-Walled Structures, 42(1), 119-136.

Wang, C.M. “Plastic buckling of simply supported, polygonal Mindlin plates,” Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, 130(1), 117-122.

Wang, C.M, Y. Chen, and Y. Xiang, “Plastic buckling of rectangular plates subjected to intermediate and end loads,” International Journal of Solids and Structures, 41(16-17), 4279-4297.

Wang, C.M., Y. Xiang, E. Watanabe, and T. Utsunomiya, “Mode shapes and stress-resultants of circular Mindlin plates with free edges,” Journal of Sound and Vibration, 276(3-5), 511-525.

Wang, C.M., I.M. Nazmul, and Q. Wang “Exact bending solutions of axisymmetric Reissner plates in terms of classical thin plate solutions,” Advances in Structural Engineering, 7(2), 129-145.

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Conference Presentations (January - March 2004)

Chen, H., X. Zhou, C.Y. Liaw and C.G.Koh, Kinetic analysis of protein folding lattice models. Modern Physics Letters B. (Singapore), vol.18, pp 163-172, Feb 2004

Cheu, R.L. “Advanced neural networks.” Presented at Workshops of Applications of Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Transportation, The 83rd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board.

Cheu, R.L. “Homeland security: an international perspective.” Presented at the Meeting of Critical Transportation Infrastructure Protection Committee, The 83rd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board.

Cheu, R.L., D. Srinivasan, and W.H. Loo, “Training neural networks to detect freeway incidents using particle swarm optimization.” Proceedings of the 83rd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, CD-ROM.

Cheu, R.L., Y.Z. Tan, and D-H. Lee, “Comparison of PARAMICS and GETRAM/AIMSUN microscopic traffic simulation tools.” Proceedings of the 83rd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, CD-ROM.

Cheu, R.L. and G.C.W.Tay, “Sampling strategies for probe vehicle-based freeway incident detection algorithms.” Proceedings of the 83rd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, CD-ROM.

Huang, B., R.L. Cheu, and Pan, X. “GIS with traffic simulation engine for incident response units dispatching.” Proceedings of the 83rd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, CD-ROM.

Huang, B., R.L. Cheu, and Y.S. Liew, “Incorporating security in HAZMAT route planning using GIS and AHP.” Proceedings of the 83rd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, CD-ROM.

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Liu, D. and R.L. Cheu, “Comparative evaluation of dynamic TRANSYT and SCATS-based signal control logic using microscopic traffic simulations.” Proceedings of the 83rd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, CD-ROM.

Leung, C.F., X.Y. Zhang, and F.H. Lee, “Wave Impact on Caisson Breakwater”, Proceedings 9th Australia New Zealand Conference on Geomechanics, Vol. 2, Auckland, February 2004, pp. 874-880

Ong, K.C.G., Y.C. Kog, and C.H. Yu, and Sreekanth, A.P.V., “Jacketing of concrete columns subjected to axial load” Magazine of Concrete Research, 56, No.2, March 2004, pp 89-98, Thomas Telford, UK.

Wang, H., D-H. Lee, and R.L. Cheu, “Trip-chaining for taxi advance bookings: a strategy to reduce cost for taxi advance bookings.” Proceedings of the 83rd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, CD-ROM.

Xie, C., R.L. Cheu, and D-H. Lee, “Improving arterial travel time estimation by data fusion.” Proceedings of the 83rd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, CD-ROM.

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