Tooth Numbering System Word File

7/14/2019 Tooth Numbering System Word File

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TOOTH NUMBERING SYSTEM

Learning nomenclature is the first step in understanding dental anatomy.Tooth numbering or shorthand system of tooth notation is necessary in

clinical practice for recording data and communication.

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The various tooth notation systems are as follows:

1. Zsigmondy Palmer notation system2. Universal notation system3. FDI(federation dentaire internationale) system4. Hader up system


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Zsigmondy/Palmar System

In 1947 a committee at the America DentalAssociation(ADA) recommended the symbolic

(Zsigmondy/Palmar) system as the numbering

method of choice.

The symbolic system for the permanent dentitionwas introduced by Adolph Zsigmondy of vienna in

1861 and then modified for primary dentition in

1874.

Palmar published also the symbolic system in 1870. The symbolic system is most often referred to as the

Palmar notation system in the United States and less


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commonly as theZsigmondy/Palmar notation

system.

In this system the arches are divided into quadrantswith the entire primary dentition being notated as

follows:

E D C B A A B C D E

E D C B A A B C D E

Example: A = maxillary right central incisor.A = mandibular left central incisor.


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The zsigmondy/palmar notation for the permanent dentition is a four-quadrant symbolic system, in which beginning with the central incisors, the

teeth are numbered 1 through 8 in each arch.

For example, the right maxillary first molar is designated as 6 and the leftmandibular central incisor as 1.

The palmar notation for the entire permanent dentition is as follows:8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

ADVANTAGES

System is simple to use. Easier for beginner due to less confusion as permanent teeth and

deciduous teeth are indicated differently .

DISADVANTAGES

universal in application


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there is no differentiation between right upper, right lower, left upper andleft lower.

segments has only one number and used to designate particular tooth. No provision to identify supernumerary tooth

FDI SYSTEM FDI- stands for

Federation dentaire Internationale

A two digit system for both primary and permanent dentitions has beenadopted by the WHO (world health organization) and accepted by other

organizations such as IADR(international association for dental research).

The FDI system of tooth notation for primary teeth is as follows:upper right upper left

55 54 53 52 51 61 62 63 64 65

85 84 83 82 81 71 72 73 74 75

lower right lower left

Numeral 5 = maxillary right,

6 = maxillary left,

7 = mandibular left,8 = mandibular right.

The second number of the two digit number is the tooth number for eachside.

Example: 51 refers to the maxillary right primary central incisor.


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The FDI system of tooth notation for permanent teeth is as follows:upper right upper left

18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38

lower right lower left

As in the two-digit FDI system for the primary dentition, the first digitindicates the quadrant (1 to 4) and second digit indicates the tooth within a

quadrant(1 to 8).

Example :11=the permanent upper right central incisor(pronouncedone-one , not eleven)

ADVANTAGES

simple to teach and easy to understand can be communicated readily for printing over phone easier to speak can be coded by computer gives a visual sense, cognitive sense Easy to pronounce in conversation and dictation.


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DISADVANTAGES

Can be confused with ADA numbering system.UNIVERSAL SYSTEM

In 1968 the ADA officially recommended the universal system. The universal system of notation for the primary dentition uppercase

letters for each of primary teeth.

Example :maxillary teeth, beginning with the right second molar, use theletters A through J; for the mandibular teeth, letters K through T are used,

beginning with the left mandibular second molar.

right A B C D E F G H I J left

T S R Q P O N M L K

In the universal notation system for the permanent dentition, the maxillaryteeth are numbered from 1 through 16,beginning with the right third

molar.

Beginning with the mandibular left third molar, the teeth are numbered 17through 32.

Thus the maxillary left central incisor as 9the right mandibular first molar as 30.


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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 16

32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17

ADVANTAGES

separate number/ alphabet is given for individual tooth Easy to visualizeDISADVANTAGES

confusing when comparing with palmer notation system cannot be coded by computer confusing and difficult to remember. it doesnt consider the jaw quadrant clearly, thus similar teeth are given

various numerous in different quadrants.

OTHER SYSTEMS WHICH ARE NOT IN USE::

1)HADER UP SYSTEM:

invented by Viktor Haderup of denmark in 1891. According to this teeth are numbered in each segment starting with

number 1 for central incisor.


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Teeth are then numbered 1-8 To differentiate between upper and lower quadrants , (+) for upper and (-

) for lower jaw

These signs are placed to right of numeral Temporary teeth are shown by addition of 0 in conjunction with + or -

signs.

PERMANENT DENTITION

8+ 7+ 6+ 5+ 4+ 3+ 2+ 1+ +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 +7 +8

8- 7- 6- 5- 4- 3- 2- 1- -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8

PRIMARY DENTITION

05+ 04+ 03+ 02+ 01+ +01 +02 +03 +04 +05

05- 04- 03- 02- 01- -01 -02 -03 -04 -05

MICAP a novel system for identification and

communication of dental problems.

MICAPis a new tooth notification system to record and communicatedental as well as periodontal problems.

It is the abbreviation of first letter of Latin derived name of tooth classesand the dentist describing the system where M-molar, I-incisor, C- canine,

A- Akram (Family name of the dentist) and P-premolar.

ANAASEA letters and TOT digits for permanent teeth

The permanent tooth classes are Incisor, Canine, Premolar and Molar. They are identified and designated by first letter of their names as I, C, P

and M which are termed as ANAASEA letters for permanent teeth.


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As in each quadrant of the maxillary and mandibular arch, four toothclasses and their types are arranged from the midline are arranged from

the miThe digits are allotted to permanent teeth as Incisor 1,2, Canine 1,

Premolar 1,2, and Molar 1,2,3.

The digits(1,2,3) are called TOT digits. Imaginary horizontal and vertical lines passing through the mid and tip

respectively divide each ANAASEA letter into four quadrants as maxillary

right, maxillary left, mandibular right and mandibular left.

midline as two incisors, one canine, two premolar and three molars.Rule of printing of TOT digits at ANAASEA letters

The TOT digits, allotted to appropriate types of classes of permanentteeth, are printed at upper right and left corner as well as lower right and

left corner of ANAASEA letters.

The allotted TOT digits printed at the upper corner of both the right and leftside of a given ANAASEA letter indicate that particular class and its types of

maxillary teeth of both the right and left side.

Similarly, the assigned TOT digits printed at the lower corner of right andleft side of a particular ANAASEA letter indicate the appropriate mandibular

tooth class and its type on the right and left side.

MICAP tooth notation system for permanent teeth

The ANAASEA letters for permanent teeth are always written in blockletters with the hash sign (#) to differentiate the types of appropriate tooth

classes while writing in the clinical application and or text method.

Whereas the appropriate types of right and left maxillary as well asmandibular tooth classes are identified by writing allotted TOT digits (1, 2,

3) on upper right and left corner and lower right and left corner of each

ANAASEA letter respectively.


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The appropriate tooth types (TOT digits), written as superscript subscriptand smaller than ANAASEA letters, are always pronounced separately as

123 (one,two, three) instead of one twenty three (123) or three twenty one

(321). The sign (#) indicates the appropriate types of a tooth class and

differentiates the types (TOT digits) of tooth classes (ANAASEA letters) from

each other.

MICAP tooth notation system for deciduous teeth

The letters (dI, dC, dM) are the ANAASEA letters for deciduous teeth. As indeciduous dentition there are no premolars or third molars, the ANAASEA

letter P and the TOT digit (3) are absent.

The letter d is always written on the left side, after the sign (#), of eachANAASEA letter (I, C, M) to indicate the deciduous tooth teeth. Whereby

the TOT digits (1,2),written on upper right and left corner as well as lower

right and left corner of a particular ANAASEA letter indicate the types of

appropriate tooth classes of maxillary and mandibular deciduous teeth

respectively as explained previously for permanent teeth

MIXED DENTITION

If a particular permenant tooth class/type is present then its appropriatedeciduous tooth class/type will be absent and vice versa.

The deciduous and permanent tooth classes and their types are describedin figure.

In the case of the mixed dentition, only erupted deciduous and permanenttooth classes/types are recorded and notified by the MICAP system.

NOTATION OF NUMERICAL ABNORMALITES BY AN

ADDITION TO THE FDI SYSTEM


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Among the different systems proposed for the notation of teeth, the two-digit system by Viohl {also proposed by Drum) gradually acquired

supporters in the international odontologic panorama, especially as

information from clinical documentation in the dental office has increased.

This method, adopted by the Federation Dentaire Internationale (FDl)- in1970 and officially accepted and recommended by the World Health

Organization- in 1977, considers neither the numbering of supernumerary

teeth (presenting difficulties in epidemiologic surveys in regions where

supernumerary teeth are a common variation) nor anatomic abnormalities

that have repercussions on the total number of teeth (eg, gemination,

concrescence, and fusion).

To diminish these difficulties some suggestions, consisting of the additionof a third digit, as recently proposed by krysinsky, have been outlined.

This studies the possibility of amplifying the range of the FDI system by thecircumstantial addition of a third digit, which by its form and position, will

allow nomenclature of any supernumerary tooth and provide additional

information concerning its anatomic form, topography, and possible

anatomic abnormalities.

FUSED NORMAL TEETH

Thefirst digitspecifies the quadrant in accordance with the present FDIsystem.

The second digitindicates the mesial tooth that participates in the fusion,and

the third digitindicates the distal tooth of the fusion. Figure 1 is an example of the fusion of each primary mandibular lateral

incisor wilh its adjacent canine. These fused teeth are designated, in

accordance with the proposed system, as tooth 723 (left) and tooth

823(right). Figure 2 is an example of the identical abnormality in the


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permanent teeth of another patient. These are represented by tooth

323(left) and tooth 423(right).normal

GEMINATED TEETH

Gemination results from the fusion of a normal tooth and a supernumeraryone. Geminated supernumerary teeth are represented by 9. The first digit

indicates the quadrant. The second and the third digits, respectively, are

the number of the normal tooth participating in the gemination and 9,

which represents the fused supernumerary. Figure 3 is an example of

maxillary right lateral incisor fused with a supernumerary incisor, numbered

tooth 129.

SUPERNUMERARY TEETH

Supernumerary teeth are noted by a letter of the alphabet. A capital letter is used if the supernumerary tooth resembles a normal one. A lower ease letter is used in the case of a tooth abnormal in shape or size.

This letter indicates the position of the supernumerary tooth and helps

distinguish between several adjacent teeth.

A : Supernumerary teeth placed outside the dental arch( buccallyor

lingually)

The letter is interposed between the two digits of the normal adjoiningteeth.

A V (or a v in the case of an abnormal tooth) is used if the supernumerarytooth is positioned buccally(vestibular); if there are more than one, the are,

successively, from mesial to distal sides; V, E, S,and T (the first four letters

of the Latin term vestibularis).

An L (or an I) is used if the extra tooth is positioned Iingually; if there areseveral, the letters L,I,N and G (from the term lingualis) will be used

successively in the mesiodistal direction. Figure shows two maxillary left


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supernumerary molars, positioned buccally to the dental arch, which

become tooth 2v8 {mesial) and tooth 2e8 {distal).

B. Supernumerary teeth placed within the dental arch

(proximal to a normal tooth or a tooth of reference). The letters P, .R, O, andX {from the Latin proximalis) are used. The letter is

placed as a third "digit," when the supernumerary tooth is distal to the

tooth of reference.

.The letters P. R. O. and X are used respectively to designate successiveteeth in the mesiodistal direction. The appropriate letter is placed as a first

"digit, when the supernumerary tooth is mesial to the tooth of reference

(eg, in the case of the mesiodens). In this case, the notations used are P. R,

O, and X, respectively, in the distomesial direction

ooth 2v8 {mesial) and tooth 2e8 {distal). Figure presents a maxillary right hypoplastie supernumerary molar, which

is called tooth 18p. The notations for two maxillary left supernumerary

molars, the first of normal morphology and the second of hypoplastic,

become teeth 28P and 28r.

Figure shows a third mandibular left incisor, which is noted as tooth 32Pand an anatomically normal third mandibular left premolar, which is called

tooth 45P.

A maxillary mesiodens is named tooth P11 (or P21, because it is proximallyto both teeth 11 and 21) when it resembles the morphology of a normal

incisor,and tooth p11(or p21) if it is cone shaped.

Figure demonstrates the notations of three nontypical mesiodentesinterposed in a line between the central maxillary incisor: tooth p11 (right);

tooth p21 (left), and tooth r11 (center).


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In the case of three mesiodentes, if the left and the right are placedlingually to the central mesiodens, the notations used are tooth 111 and

tooth 211, respectively; the central mesiodens is tooth p11

REFERENCES

Villa vigil M.A., Alvarez Arenal A. , Rodriguez Gonzalez M.A., Quitessence Int1989;20,:299-302

International Dental Journal 2011;61: 31-36 Edward F. Harris,Tooth-coding systems in the clinical dental

setting;2005;18: 43-49

Jens C. Turp, Kurt W. Alt, Quitessence Int 1995;26:501-504 Wheelers, dental anatomy, physiology, and occlusion, 8th edition.

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