Tools for Protecting Trees from ACP Phil Stansly

SWFREC Immokalee, Florida

Acknowledgements Dr. Jawwad Qureshi

Barry Kostyk José Castillo

Robert Riefer

Monica Triana

Scott Croxton

Dr. César Monzó Dr. Moneen Jones

Benny Peña Cameron Brennan Zach Lahey

Living with HLB in Florida • In lieu of “magic bullet” integration of all available tools

required to manage HLB effectively • Insecticides to slow spread of HLB

– Criteria: effectiveness, resistance management, conservation of natural enemies

– Dormant sprays of pyrethroids and/or OPs. preferably area wide – Different and more selective chemical classes for growing season

depending on pest populations – Systemic insecticides for young trees – Thresholds for infected groves ?

• Cultural practices to improve tree health – Corrective foliar nutrition to compensate for HLB deficiencies – High density plantings and fertigation for rapid growth and

production – Metalized mulch for psyllid repellency in new plantings

Tools for Protecting Trees from ACP

• Spray schedules with presently available products

• Conserving natural enemies • Oil program? • Recent trials with foliar applied insecticides. • New product features • Spray Schedules with new products included • Young tree program • Conclusions and recommendations

Months Nov-Dec

Jan Feb-Mar Apr May -June

July - Aug

Sep-Oct

Products OP Pyrethoroid Movento Portal Micromite Intrepid Delegate

OIL Delegate Movento Abamectin AgriFlex Voliam Flexi Knack

Oil Micromite Delegate Portal Movento

Pests ACP ACP Weevils

ACP Mites Leafminer Weevils Scales

Everything ACP Rust mite Leafminer Scales

Everything ACP Leafminer Rustmite Scales Mealybugs

Spray Calendar for Pest Management

Dormant Growing

– Efficacy • Adults/nymphs • Secondary pests

– Resistance management

• Frequency of use • Rotation MOAs

– Conservation beneficials

• Broad-spectrum vs Selective

Criteria

Grower Standard Sprays 2011 Product Rate 2012 Product Rate 23-Mar Carbaryl 4L 3-3-gal 17-Jan Danitol 16oz 8-Apr Aza Direct 6oz 12-Mar Micromite 6.25oz 21-Apr Actara 5.5oz 11-Jul Delegate 3oz 14-Jun abamectin 10oz 17-May abamectin 16oz 30-Jun Dimethoate 20oz 10-Aug Dimethoate 16oz 29-Jul Delegate 4oz

Effectiveness of Biweekly LV (2 Gal/Ac) Sprays with 435 Oil

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2AC

P/2

taps

Grower StdOilUntrted

Beneficials: Worth Conserving!

Funnelweb Jumping Spitting Velox Widow

Selective Insecticides during Growing Season

• ‘Valencia’ orange trees planted 1998 • Trees pruned with a hand-held hedger to

induce new growth and encourage ACP infestation

• Both bed and swale sides of the trees were sprayed 22 Jan 2013 using a Durand Wayland 3P-10C-32 air blast speed sprayer @ 50 gpa or ProptecTM rotary atomizer sprayer @ 5 gpa

• RCBD design, 4 replicates • 5 trees per plot, 3 central trees included in

post treatment evaluations 1. Mustang 4.0 oz proptec 5 gpa 2. Mustang 4.0 oz 50 gpa 3. Baythroid 3.0 oz 5 gpa 4. Sivanto 7.0 oz 5 gpa 5. Sivanto 7.0 oz 50 gpa 6. Sivanto 10.5 oz 5 gpa 7. Sivanto 10.5 oz 50 gpa 8. Movento MPC 16.0 oz 50 gpa + 435 Oil 2 gal.

Bayer Trial 2013

Qureshi and Stansly, 2007

Estimation of ACP adults

“tap sample” -22 x 28 cm laminated white paper sheet or clipboard -Tap branches three times

Evaluation Methods

Estimation of nymphal and larval densities of ACP and CLM

-8 or 10 randomly selected shoots per plot collected and examined under a stereomicroscope in the laboratory to count ACP nymphs

- Three fully expanded leaves on each shoot examined to count CLM larvae

0

1

2

3

4

5

25 Jan 30 Jan 6 Feb 13 Feb

UntreatedMustang 4.0 oz 5 gpaMustang 4.0 oz 50 gpaBaythroid 3.0 oz 5 gpaSivanto 7.0 oz 5 gpaSivanto 7.0 oz 50 gpaSivanto 10.5 oz 5 gpaSivanto 10.5 oz 50 gpaMovento 16.0 oz 50 gpa

ACP Nymphs

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

25 Jan 30 Jan 6 Feb 13 Feb 19 Feb 25 Feb 5 Mar

UntreatedMustang 4.0 oz 5 gpaMustang 4.0 oz 50 gpaBaythroid 3.0 oz 5 gpaSivanto 7.0 oz 5 gpaSivanto 7.0 oz 50 gpaSivanto 10.5 oz 5 gpaSivanto 10.5 oz 50 gpaMovento 16.0 oz 50 gpa

Adult ACP

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

3 DAT 10 DAT 17 DAT 24 DAT

ACP

Nym

phs p

er le

af

Untreated check Danitol 16 oz Closer 3 oz Closer 4.2 oz

Exirel 16 oz Sivanto 10 oz Admire 7 oz Actara 5.5 oz

Voliam Flexi 5 oz Voliam Flexi 7 oz Agriflex 8.5 oz Agrimek 4.25

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3 DAT 10 DAT 17 DAT 24 DAT

CLM

Lar

vae

per 3

leav

es

Untreated check Danitol 16 ozCloser 3 oz Closer 4.2 ozExirel 16 oz Sivanto 10 ozAdmire 7 oz Actara 5.5 ozVoliam Flexi 5 oz Voliam Flexi 7 ozAgriflex 8.5 oz Agrimek 4.25

0

1

2

3

4

5

3 DAT 10 DAT 17 DAT 24 DAT 32 DAT 38 DAT 46 DAT 53 DAT 60 DAT 67 DAT 74 DAT

ACP

Adu

lts p

er T

ap

Untreated check Danitol 16 oz Closer 3 oz Closer 4.2 oz

Exirel 16 oz Sivanto 10 oz Admire 7 oz Actara 5.5 oz

Voliam Flexi 5 oz Voliam Flexi 7 oz Agriflex 8.5 oz Agrimek 4.25

3 –year old Hamlin, 10-tree plots, Sprayed 7 Jul 2012 Durand Weyland speed sprayer with fan disengaged

All treatments included 2% oil

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

3 DAT 7 DAT 13 DAT 21 DAT 28 DAT CLM 3 DAT

ACP

Nym

phs/

CLM

Lar

vae

Untreated Dibrom 16 ozLorsban 4E 5 pts Lorsban Ad 5 ptsPyrinex 1.2 gal Vulcan 5 ptsNexter 9.9 oz Nexter+M-pede*GWN 1708 30 oz *GWN 1708+M-Pede*GWN 1708 + Nexter *Portal 65 oz

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

3 DAT 7 DAT 13 DAT 21 DAT 28 DAT 35 DAT 42 DAT

ACP

NAd

ults

per

tap

Untreated Dibrom 16 oz

Lorsban 4E 5 pts Lorsban Ad 5 pts

Pyrinex 1.2 gal Vulcan 5 pts

Nexter 9.9 oz Nexter+M-pede

*GWN 1708 30 oz *GWN 1708+M-Pede

*GWN 1708 + Nexter *Portal 65 oz

3 –year old Hamlin, 12-tree plots, Sprayed 31 July 2012 Durand Weyland speed sprayer with fan disengaged

* Applied with 2% oil

0

5

10

15

20

25

4 DAT 11 DAT 18 DAT 25 DAT CLM: 4 DAT

ACP

Nym

phs o

r CLM

La

rvae

/lea

f UntreatedPortal 24 ozPortal 32 oxPortal 64 ozApta 11 ozApta 14 ozApta 17 oz

-0.1

0.1

0.3

0.5

0.7

0.9

1.1

1.3

1.5

4 DAT 11 DAT 18 DAT 25 DAT 32 DAT 40 DAT 47 DAT 54 DAT 61 DAT 68 DAT

ACP

Adul

ts p

er T

AP Untreated Portal 24 oz Portal 32 ox

Portal 64 oz Apta 11 oz Apta 14 ozApta 17 oz

5 –year old Hamlin, 5-tree plots, Sprayed 4 Oct 2012 Durand Weyland Speed sprayer with fan disengaged

All treatments with 1% oil

Product MOA* Label Rate (Oz/ac

PHI Bees Other Pests

Closer 4c Now

2.75-5.75 1 d Advisory Aphids, CRS

Sivanto 4(abcd?) Jun 14? 10-14 1 d Advisory Aphids thrips scales mealybugs whiteflies

Exirel 28 Jul 13 ? 13.5-20.5 1 d Toxic CLM

Apta 21 Sep 13? 14-27 14 d Toxic CRM

New insecticides for ACP control in Florida Citrus

*4: Nicotinoid 28: Diamid 21: METI (Mitochondrial electron transport inhibitor)

Months Nov-Dec

Jan Feb-Mar Apr May -June

July - Aug

Sep-Oct

Products OP Pyrethroid Movento Portal Micromite Intrepid Delegate Exirel

OIL Apta Micromite Exirel Closer Sivanto

Delegate Movento Abamectin Exirel Closer Sivanto Knack

Oil Apta Closer Sivanto Micromite

Micromite Delegate Apta Movento Closer Sivanto

Pests ACP Weevils

ACP Weevils

ACP Mites Leafminer Weevils Scales

Mites Scales Leafminer Weevils Aphids

ACP Rust mite Leafminer Scales Aphids

Mites Leafminer Weevils Scales Mealybugs

ACP Leafminer Rustmite Scales Mealybugs

Spray Calendar for Pest Management Dormant Growing

– Efficacy • Adults/nymphs • Secondary pests

– Resistance management

• Frequency of use • Rotation MOAs

– Conservation beneficials

• Broad-spectrum vs Selective

Criteria

Protecting Young Trees Rotations of Neonicotinoids and Verimark (cyazypyr):

3-year Study

Suspension delivered by an EZ-Dose® sprayer operating at a pressure of 45 PSI and a flow rate of 3.7 gallons per minute

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

8 Aug 2011 30 Jan 2012 15 May 2012 27 Aug 2012

Treated

Untreated

Incidence of HLB

Trunk x-sectional area 2.2 in2 Trunk x-sectional area 4.0 in2

Tree Growth Jan 2013 (3 years)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

+ PC

R (%

)

Incidence HLB in 40 trees

5-Aug-11

5-Dec-11

200

400

600

800

1000

1-Jun 1-Jul 1-Aug 1-Sep 1-Oct 1-Nov 1-Dec

(mm

2 )

Trunk Cross Section

Silver

White

Bare Ground

Micro Jet

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

1-Apr 1-May 1-Jun 1-Jul 1-Aug 1-Sep 1-Oct 1-NovIn

fest

ed S

hoot

s (%

)

Psyllid Infestation Silver

White

Bare Ground

Metalized UF Reflective Mulch:

Scott Croxton

Conclusions and Recommendations • Best to apply organophosphates and especially pyrethroids only once

during dormant season • More selective sprays during growing season

− Target problem pests − Rotate modes of action − Conserve beneficials

• Agriflex (4A, 6) and Voliam Flexi (4A, 28) looked good in 2012 trials − Both are premixes and employ 2 modes of action − Both contain neonicotinoids needed for young trees

• Exeril (28), Apta (21A), Closer (4C) and Sivanto are promising new ACP products

• Verimark will provide an additional systemic MOA − Exeril and Verimark are the same product; share an MOA (28) with Voliam

• Frequent LV applications of oil useful • UV Reflective mulch provides additional protection to young trees