Tools and models for assessing wood · 4/6/2017 · Forest Quality more valuable trees Wood fibre...

Forest Qualitymore valuable trees


Tools and models for assessing wood quality in Australian radiata pine

Geoff DownesForest Quality Pty. Ltd.

Dave DrewForest Forecasting

Validation and development of eCambium software tool


Forest Quality Pty Ltd• Applied R&D based in southern Tasmania

• 20 years working for CSIRO in Forestry and Forest Products• CRC Hardwood Fibre and Paper Science (1992 –1999)• SilviScan Services (2000‐2003)• Ensis Joint Venture with Scion (NZ) (2003‐2008)• CRC Forestry Ltd (2005 – 2012)

• Spin‐off company from the CRC Forestry Ltd. (Est. July 2012)

• Focus on wood property assessment and modelling1. NIR assessment of Eucalypt pulp properties2. In‐field assessment of wood properties and training

• Increment coring | IML Resistograph |Portable NIR3. Process‐based modelling of wood properties

• FWPA funded eCambium projects in radiata pine (2010 ‐2016)


y = 93.61x + 55.20R² = 0.57

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$450

2.9 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9

Site average

lumbe

r value ($.m

‐3)

Site‐average log Acoustic wave velocity (km.sec‐1)

Wealth generation


eCambium’s prediction of site value

• eCambium predictions made 4 months before logs were harvested

y = 0.41x + 239.37R² = 0.62

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$225 $250 $275 $300 $325 $350 $375 $400 $425

Actua

l calculated value $/m

3

eCambium predicted $/m3

VicNSW

Bago cpt 66 high elevation


eCambium’s prediction of log MOE


y = 1.01xR² = 0.50

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Mean log MOE (GPa

)

eCambium predicted BH MOE (GPa)

Vic

NSW

Bg066

Me111

Hv013a

Forest Qualitymore valuable trees Wood fibre transverse properties, excluding tangential variance

Radiata pineLength : 108.7 mm File : radiataArea : 371 cm

2 Weighting : area

tangential diameter m%cv = 18

32.24.9

611183

28.52.3

540107

3.440.98

23349

meansdev

10 20 30 40 50

10 20 30 40 50

200 400 600 800 1000

200 400 600 800

2 4 6

radial diameter m

conditioned density kg m -3

coarseness g m-1

wall thickness m

specific surface m 2kg-1

50403020100

50403020100

1000800600400200

0

6420

800600400200

0

500400300200100

0100 200 300 400 5000 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360

CSIRO Forest Products 08-Jun-1995cumulative area cm 2

Typical SS‐1 Analysis Report (circa 1995)

Cost: ~$200 per radial core


SilviScan mapping of wood stiffness variation within trees


Overview of eCambium (Version 2.1)

• eCambium predictions of wood variation link effects of growth on board volume and quality


eCambium’s main user interface


Defining site


Defining regime


Defining weather


Building a “scenario”


Overview of eCambium (Version 2.1)

• eCambium predictions of wood variation link effects of growth on board volume and quality


Drilling down into the lower level values

• Daily predictions of

• Wood density• MFA• Fibre diameter• Fibre wall

thickness


Tree growth predictions

Predictions of• Height• DBH• Stand Volume• Soil water

availability• Predawn water

potential


Tree growth predictions

Predictions of• Height• DBH• Stand Volume• Soil water

availability• Predawn water

potentialStem

Diameter (cm)


Murray Valley Basin Validation

Project Objectives•Regional assessment of wood property variation from P.radiata sites in the Murray Valley Basin

•close to harvest•represent wide range of resource variability

•Obtain a representative data set describing site average andvariance data of tree and wood properties as a basis forevaluating the performance of the eCambium modelling tool

•Produce a “commercially‐ready” version of eCambium


Site SelectionBuccluegh

Greenhills

BagoCarabost

Maragle

Shelley

Ovens Valley

Benalla


Stage 1: NDE Resource Evaluation

• 53 sites• 30 trees per site

• DBH• Outerwood density cores • Standing tree acoustic velocity (ST300)

• 6 trees per site• Tree height• Branch diameter• Bark thickness


eCambium prediction of outerwood density

50% of the variation in site mean OWD was predicted by eCambium

ST300


Fitted Empirical models of outerwood density

OWD = 396.6–1.93(Branch Diameter) + 0.174(Spring Rainfall) + 2.43(Age)

• 38% variance explained

UT_OWD = 392–2.36(Branch Diameter) + 0.63(Autumn Rainfall) + 4.64(Max. Autumn T)+2.45(Age)

• 55% variance explainedT1_OWD = 1187–2.26(Branch Diameter) – 0.476(DBHOB) – 0.066(Annual

Rainfall) – 21.55(Ave Temp) – 0.07(Annual Radiation) + 10.1(Age)

• 71% variance explained


Problem of 50mm outerwood cores

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200

a. CB001 250‐100

Mean wood density (kg/m³)

5 yr50 mm

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200

b. CB001 1000‐1000

Mean wood density (kg/m³)

50 mm5 yr

50 mm

5 yr

50 mm5 yr


Comparison with actual Silviscan data allowed

eCambium to be evaluated at the annual

ring level to assess whether the model was predicting radial trends

accurately.

Radial trends


IML Resistograph

• < 30 secs per tree• Provides radial variation• No Laboratory work• Easy –to‐use

y = 0.15x + 17.06R² = 0.88

300

350

400

450

500

550

2000 2500 3000 3500 4000Ou

terW

ood D

ensity (kg/m

3)Outerwood Resi (resistance units)

a.


Entry sideExit side

Exit resistance

70% of exit resistance explained by diameter (~50%) and density (~20%)


Properties obtained• Overbark diameter• Underbark diameter• Bark thickness• Average underbark density• Outerwood averages• Radial average


ARCstudy:UniversityofTasmania(ProfBradPotts)

y = 0.07x + 230.00R² = 0.64

y = 0.07x + 217.23R² = 0.64

y = 0.07x + 238.03R² = 0.66

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000

Actual Core De

nsity

Underbark average RESI value

Both Sites

Salmon River

Togari


Manjimup,WAResi Validation

R² = 0.77

400

500

600

700

800

3000 4000 5000 6000 7000

Core basic den

sity (kg/m3)

RESI value (resistance units)


Sawmill study sites value predictions2:HV013a

value = $ 344 m^3

10268

utilityF5MGP10MGP12MGP15

Board Count =DBHUB =

0.0000

0.0625

0.1250

0.1875

0.2500

8:ME111value = $ 320 m^3

15330

11:MH001value = $ 250 m^3

13316

18:LV015value = $ 344 m^3

16334

19:LV018bvalue = $ 310 m^3

10274


0.0000

0.0625

0.1250

0.1875

0.2500

20:LV018avalue = $ 334 m^3

13314

37:BI104T1value = $ 375 m^3

13312

40:MA044UTvalue = $ 316 m^3

12286

42:BG587T1value = $ 325 m^3

13308


0.0000

0.0625

0.1250

0.1875

0.2500

44:BG066UTvalue = $ 328 m^3

12280

47:GH845T2value = $ 331 m^3

13324

52:CB011T1value = $ 360 m^3

12280

Boar

d Vo

lum

e (m

^3)


Log Preparation


Barcode application to log ends


Logs weighed for green density calculation


Logs loaded into mill infeed


Resultant boards imaged


eCambium’s prediction of site value


• Partly dependent on grade thresholds for converting MOE into grade

y = 0.41x + 239.37R² = 0.62

$225

$250

$275

$300

$325

$350

$375

$400

$425

$225 $250 $275 $300 $325 $350 $375 $400 $425

Actua

l calculated value $/m

3

eCambium predicted $/m3

VicNSW

Bago cpt 66 high elevation

More fertile site than used in model, possibly ex‐pasture.


Conclusions• eCambium explained similar OWD variance to empirical models

• eCambium predictions in range using general inputs for site descriptions• publically available database values• FR constant at 0.3, • rock content constant at zero

• Parameter optimization, across Tasmania, Green Triangle, Victoria and NSW yielded calibration r2 > 60%

• eCambium explained 50‐60% of the site average sawlog value and log MOE• Low‐cost way to get broad‐scale insights into estate‐level wood variation and value

• Model setup and operation relatively simple• Ready for commercial application• Development for operational functionality needed (industry input required)


e‐Cambium:optionsforthefuture

Tools and models for assessing wood · 4/6/2017 · Forest Quality more valuable trees Wood fibre...

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Transcript of Tools and models for assessing wood · 4/6/2017 · Forest Quality more valuable trees Wood fibre...