Tony Oram, UK Sales Manager - Seoul

Semiconductor

Evaluating LED lighting solutions

Who/Where are Seoul Semiconductor

• 3 corporate (Japan/Germany/USA)

• 25 sales offices

• 90 distributors

Seoul Semiconductor Europe GmbHSeoul Semiconductor Inc.

Japan Seoul Semiconductor Co.,Ltd

Outlets Factories Subsidiary (SOC)

HQ (Seoul Semiconductor)

Subsidiary (Seoul Optodevice)

Tian Jin Factory

Ansan Factory

Seoul Factory

Shenzhen

Shanghai

Taiwan

Nagoya

Tokyo LA

DetroitNew Jersey

SET AtlantaSpainItalyNumberg

Poland

DenmarkUK

FrankfurtFrance

Netherlands

Worldwide-

*4th LED manufacturer

3rd White LED manufacture * Strategies unlimited

EPA recognized test lab

Revenue2010: US$ 1019M

Employees: 2932

New Ansan factory , Ramp up May 2011

Who/Where are Seoul Semiconductor

Acriche, Power LED, Side View LED, Top View LED, Radial LED, Chip LED, high flux LED, deep UV, near UV, Customized module

3) Broad Portfolio

2) Cost competitiveness

Volume production (3.5 billion chips per month)

4) Worldwide production capabilities

Technology centers and factories in USA, Korea and China

1) Vertical integration from chip to package

EPI growing → FAB (fabrication) → PKG → Custom modules

Who/Where are Seoul Semiconductor

LED Chips Package

Module/

Light engine Fixtures

SSC

Philips, Cree, Osram, Sharp, …

Citizen, Everlight

Epistar

Focus component level

SSC will not compete with customers

Strategy in LED Value Chain

1. Recent developments within LED industry

2. Testing standardisation by market leaders

3. Assessing light quality by CRI and bin indexing

Presentation Overview

•Lumens per watt current and future

•Package changes and harmonisation

•Patents and licensing

Recent Developments in the LED Industry

Lumens per Watt is a simple ratio of output of luminous flux to input of electrical power

Luminous flux

Electrical power

This measurement can be applied to any light source and finished lighting fixturesFrom this measurement we can also calculate Lux and Candella values

http://www.element-14.com/community/docs/DOC-21394/l/light-conversion-tool

Lumens per Watt

Parameter SymbolValue

UnitMin Typ Max

Luminous Flux V 80 100 120 lm

Luminous Intensity IV 1.0 1.5 2.0 Cd

* Luminous Flux (V )

- Lumen [lm]

* Luminous Intensity (V )-Candela [Cd] (lm/sr)

Integrating Sphere

Buffer

Detector LED

LEDDetector

Measuring Output

Current maximum production values are between 100 – 120 lm/W

Expected values by end of 2011 using existing technology are 150 lm/W

Some press release values are claiming over 200 lm/W however this is notavailable in the market place

Theoretical limit is between 260 and 300 lm/W (dependant on who you talk to)

Steady increase in efficacy from 20 lm/W in 2002

Some leaps in technology needed to get to theoretical limit

For lighting the efficacy levels are now ‘GOOD ENOUGH’

LED Lumens per Watt

Package changes and harmonisation

2010/11 has seen a move away from traditional LED packages

Packages with smaller footprints based around ceramic sub-straights are now becoming standard

There is also and emergence of footprint compatibility between LED manufactures

Patents and Licensing

Apart from a few minor issues, Patent and Licensing agreements amongst the big 6 are now in place.

Collectively they hold over 90% of all LED Patents

Big 6:

Seoul SemiconductorCreeOsramPhilipsNicheaToyoda Gosei

Some issues are still to be resolved on driver and heat management patents.

Beware of non patented product or 2012 could get very nasty for YOU

Cross licenseA/C LED lawsuit

Patents and Licensing

White LED Cross License

White and housing patent

cross-license agreement

Cross-license agreement

Strategic Cooperation

Patents and Licensing

+ UCSB in USAAnd Others +

Global Leading with over 5,500 patents

Material Patent

Manufacturing/Methodology Patents

Design Patent

Exclusive License

Nonexclusive License

Patents and Licensing

Testing standardisation by market leaders

•LM80

•Efficiency rating and Minimum values

LM80

There is now universal adoption of LM80 testing by the major LED manufactures

LM80 allows direct comparison of expected LED lifetimes and failure rates.

LM80 calls for 6000 hours real time testing and projects when an LED will reach the end of its useful life

LM80 testing completed at 25, 55 and 85 Deg C

Useful life is generally accepted as L70 (70% of original output) for lighting

LM80 gives readings over lifetime for:

Forward Voltage changeFlux (light output) depreciationColour Shift

50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

5630 (D:30%)

Degradation graph of Luminous output

Tim

e (

Hr)

Junction Temperature (oC)IF=100mA

where

   R(t)= LED Operating time till “t”

λ = Failure rate

t = Lifetime

   λ1 = Failure rate (TJ = T1 )

   λ2 =  Failure rate (TJ = T2 )

   EA = Vitalization Energy ( eV )

   k  = Boltzmann's constant (8.617×10-5eV/°K)

   T = Junction temperature °K(°K = + 273)℃

R(t)=exp(-גt)

2112

11

TTk

Eexp A

LM80

Efficiency Rating and minimum values

Direct comparison between LED sources is now possible using LM80. As a result LED manufactures are now quoting minimum vales instead of typical values – This is delivering transparency in the market.

However comparison between lighting types and lighting fixtures is still a problem

UK building regulations in now place for lighting efficiency of 55 lm/W – not just for new build.

Refurbishment threshold covered have been lowered from 1000 M/sq to 100

More standards and legislation will be coming into legislation over the next 12 months possible including:

EPC – improvements to Energy Performance CertificatesHarmonisation of energy calculations and communicationCarbon creation calculation, offset and trading.EU ban on traditional incandescent lighting

Fluorescent

Incandescence

Metal H

alide

Compact Fluorescent

Halogen

LEDs

• Relative Lamp Size

46~95㏐ /WCRI 62~85Lifetime 12,000hrs 60~80㏐ /W

CRI 65Lifetime 9,000~12,000hrs 20~80㏐ /W

CRI 82Lifetime 10,000hrs 8~15㏐ /W

CRI 100Lifetime 1,000hrs

16~22㏐ /WCRI 100Lifetime 2,000hrs

60 - 120㏐ /WCRI 70~95Lifetime 50,000hrs

Efficiency Rating and minimum values

We are all used to seeing Energy rating on electrical goods.

Moves are now underway to classify lamps in a similar way.

This should include lifetime based on LM80 or similar calculation

Will allow a direct comparison between lighting sources and manufactures

Once implemented for lamps it is expected that it will be expanded out to non domestic lighting.

Efficiency Rating and minimum values

aaaaaaa

CRI

Colour temp

85

3000K

175

Lumens/Watt 65

45000 hours lifetime

•Binning

•CRI (colour rendering index)

Assessing light quality by bin indexing and CRI

Assessing light quality by bin indexing and CRI

Assessing light quality by bin indexing and CRI

6 sub-bins/ ANSI bin 3-Step McAdams

0.28 0.30 0.32 0.34 0.36 0.38 0.40 0.42 0.44 0.46 0.48 0.500.28

0.30

0.32

0.34

0.36

0.38

0.40

0.42

0.44

0.46

Z8Z6

Z4Z2

Z9Z7

Z5Z3

Z1

A8

A6A4

A2A0

A7

A5

C7C6

B7B6

C5C4

B5B4

C3

C2

B3B2

C1

C0

B1

B0

A9

A3

A1

B8

B9

C8

C9

D6

D4

D2

D0

D8

D7

D5

D3

D1

D9

E6

E4

E2

E0

E8

E7

E5

E3

E1

E9

F6

F4

F2

F0

F8

F7

F5

F3

F1

F9

G6

G4

G2

G0

H0G8

G7

G5

G1

G9

H6

H4

H2

H1

H8

E

H9

G3H3

H5

H7

7

6

5

4

3

W XV

TS

RQ

PO

NM

LK

J

HG

FE

2600K2700K

2900K3000K

3200K

3500K3700K

4000K

4200K

4500K4700K

5000K

5300K

5600K

6000K

6500K

7000K

7600K

8200K

X

Y

Energy Star

AB

CD

EF

G HCold White

Neutral White

Warm White

Various CRI solutions:

- Minimum CRI 70- Minimum CRI 80- Minimum CRI 90

Assessing light quality by bin indexing and CRI

The Colour rendering index (CRI), is a measure of the ability of a light source to reproduce the colours of various objects faithfully in comparison with an ideal or natural light source.

Light sources with a high CRI value have tradition-ally been desirable in colour critical applications such as photography and cinematography.

High CRI light sources are now been demanded for lighting applications especially for retail and con-sumer lighting.

Assessing light quality by bin indexing and CRI

- sunlight CRI 100 - LED CRI 60~95

Ra = average R1 to R8

Assessing light quality by bin indexing and CRI

Assessing light quality by bin indexing and CRI

Assessing light quality by bin indexing and CRI