Tonsil
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Transcript of Tonsil
TONSILFirst Line Of Defense Against Ingested
Or Inhaled Foreign Pathogens.
What is Tonsil ?• Tonsils are collections of lymphoid tissue facing into the aerodigestive tract.
Waldeyer’s Ring• Waldeyer's tonsillar
ring includes 1. Adenoid tonsil2. Two tubal tonsils 3. Two palatine tonsils4. Lingual tonsil.
Type Epithelium capsule Crypts Location
AdenoidsCiliated pseudostratified columnar
Incompletely encapsulated
No crypts, but small folds Roof of pharynx
Tubal tonsilsCiliated pseudostratified columnar
Roof of pharynx
Palatine tonsilsNon-keratinized stratified squamous
Incompletely encapsulated Long, branched
Sides of oropharynx between palatoglossaland palatopharyngeal arches
Lingual tonsilsNon-keratinized stratified squamous
Incompletely encapsulated Long, branched Behind terminal
sulcus (tongue)
Functions• Immune system's first line of defense against ingested or inhaled foreign pathogens. • Tonsils have on their surface specialized antigen capture cells called M cells that allow for
the uptake of antigens produced by pathogens. These M cells then alert the underlying B cells and T cells in the tonsil that a pathogen is present and an immune response is stimulated.
• B cells are activated and proliferate in areas called germinal centres in the tonsil. These germinal centres are places where B memory cells are created and secretory antibody (IgA) is produced.
• Tonsils produce T lymphocytes, also known as T-cells, in a manner similar to, but different from, the way the thymus does.
Clinical • Tonsilitis : Tonsils can become enlarged
or inflamed.• Tonsillolith : It is material that
accumulates on the tonsil. They can range up to the size of a peppercorn and are white/cream in color.
o The main substance is mostly calcium.
o Have a strong unpleasant odor because of hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan and other chemicals.
Thank You